Transcript Document

Sustainable energy supply;
Is Hydrogen an option?
Myths and facts
• C. Daey Ouwens
Eindhoven University of Technology
Outline
• Some considerations about sustainability
• The energy supply (efficient use, fossil,
renewables, nuclear)
• Hydrogen an option?
• Other choices: “Green” liquids and gases
• VW scenario
• Conclusion
What is sustainable development?
• A development which
– makes an economic development possible
– has hardly any environmental effects
– is socially accepted
– (optimal organizational structure)
(cheap, clean, social acceptable)
Process of change, needs creativity
Many options; difficult to make choices
Central role of technology
Considerations
• Which option is sustainable ?
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Solar cells ?
Hydrogen in Fuel cells in cars?
Carbon dioxide sequestration?
Bio diesel from rape seed?
Co-combustion of wood in coal power plants?
Nuclear energy???
• Is sustainability possible? Yes
we can choose; CO2 free
• Can we “predict” future energy supply? No
Main lines sustainable energy
• In order of importance; development over time
Demand side
• Energy efficiency ; buildings, apparatus, greenhouses
• Recycling of materials
• Use natural materials
Supply side
• Fossil fuels: methane (Natural Gas, NG)
• Biomass: “green” liquids, SNG, hydrogen?
• Hydro power, geothermal, wind, solar energy (PV, heat)?,
waves, currents, etc
• Fossil fuels (coal, oil): hydrogen (CO2 storage)?
• Nuclear energy ???
Hydrogen an option?
Two main lines of production
• Biomass: hydrogen (or “green” liquids or SNG)
• Fossil fuels: hydrogen and CO2 storage
CO2 sequestration ; do we accept it??
NUMBY
• (Electrolysis: too expensive)
First conversion by gasification
get syngas; CO and H2
Several products from syngas
1. Hydrogen
2. Very clean liquids; Fischer-Tropsch (Shell
and Sasol) based on coal and NG;
(Biomass, Germany and at ECN Holland)
3. Synthetic Natural Gas (SNG)
• For 1: change of infrastructure
• For 2 and 3; holds only for biomass and
NG (low emission of CO2)
• For 2 and 3: no change in infrastructure
Hydrogen as a choice
Hydrogen problems
• Production
• Storage
• Transport
• End-use; change in infrastructure
• As a consequence: expensive
Applications Hydrogen
• Hydrogen in cars
- compressed, methanol, petrol, liquid?
- fuel cell (weight, reliability, cooling,
use at low temperature, cost)?
- overall efficiency (well to wheel)
• Hydrogen in Natural Gas system
- mix it with Natural Gas (10 %?);
Other choices
Based on gasification
• Green diesel; Fischer-Tropsch (based on
biomass and Narural Gas (not CO2 free)
• Synthetic Natural Gas (based on biomass)
By fermentation
• Ethanol (petrol)
- from food crops (sugar beet) now;
woody materials in future
Other choices
• Bio diesel
- from rape seed
- from jatropha and pongamia (Developing
Countries)
• Gas from anaerobic digestion
• In future Solar (solar cells (PV)), Wind
and…. ????
Conclusion
• Is the introduction of Hydrogen sustainable yet?
(cheap, clean and social accetable)
Not so sure; change in infrastructure is expensive
• Hydrogen from coal and oil and NG; do we
accept CO2 sequestration
• Hydrogen from biomass; more attractive to make
green liquids (diesel and ethanol) and SNG
• Do we need Hydrogen for a sustainable energy
supply?
No
• Will we introduce (use) it?
Maybe