• • How does command and control regulation work?

– Positive aspects – Negative aspects A better way – Project XL

MAINSTREAMING OF GREEN BUSINESS

© YALE CENTER for ENVIRONMENTAL LAW & POLICY 7

• Where is the environmental upside larger?

– Command and control or – Corporate environmentalism

McDonalds: Want Sustainable Fries with the Shake?

• Corporations are actors with best knowledge about markets, products, inputs, production processes, capital, supply chains, and available technologies.

• If given proper incentives, corporations can achieve gains never imagined by regulations and more efficiently.

Why companies go green?

• • Competitive advantage Michael Porter - 2 ways that companies can achieve long term sustainable competitive advantage – Reduce costs – Achieve product differentiation

ECO-ADVANTAGE PLAYS

1. Cut costs 2. Lower eco-risks 15 3. Drive revenues • Green markets • New market space 4. Promote intangible value • Brand building © YALE CENTER for ENVIRONMENTAL LAW & POLICY

Why do companies go green? Social License Theory

EPA Partnership Programs

• • address a wide variety of environmental issues by working collaboratively with companies, organizations, communities, and individuals. more than 13,000 firms and other organizations participating in EPA Partnership Programs

Partnership Model

• • • • Dissemination of information Public recognition Modest subsidies Regulatory benefits

Agriculture

• • •

The AgSTAR Program

– voluntary outreach and educational program that promotes the recovery and use of methane from animal manure.

http://www.epa.gov/agstar/

Pesticide Environmental Stewardship Program

Reduce risk from the use of pesticides and to go beyond regulatory requirements to a higher level of environmental stewardship.

Sixth AgSTAR National Conference, taking place in Boise, Idaho!

• The conference will include technical presentations on a variety of topics related to anaerobic digestion, expanded networking events, and an exhibit hall. We are also planning a tour of an anaerobic digester system

Pennsylvania Digester Workshop

Market Opportunities for Biogas Recovery Systems at U.S. Livestock Facilities

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Anaerobic Digestion Potential at Swine Farms (June 2010)

USDA Financial Assistance

• •

Rural Energy for America Program Bioenergy Program for Advanced Biofuels

• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

Protocol for Quantifying and Reporting the Performance of Anaerobic Digestion Systems for Livestock

Steve Dvorak, GHD, Inc.

Manures.

Thomas Fiesinger, New York State Energy Research and Development Authority Curt Gooch, Cornell University M. Charles Gould, Michigan State University Richard Hegg, USDA Cooperative State Research, Education, and Extension Service Darren Hickman, USDA Natural Resources Conservation Service John Katers, University of Wisconsin—Green Bay Joseph Kramer, Energy Center of Wisconsin William Lazarus, University of Minnesota Norma McDonald, Organic Waste Systems, Inc.

Steffan Mueller, University of Illinois at Chicago Jenny Pronto, Cornell University Kurt Roos, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Diane Saber, Renewable Energy and Environmental Consultants Joe Schultz, Wisconsin Focus on Energy Daniel Scruton, Vermont Agency of Agriculture, Food, and Markets Melissa VanOrnum, GHD, Inc.

Information

• • • What to Expect When You Clean Out a Plug Flow Digester Anaerobic Digestion of Flushed Dairy Manure Anaerobic Digesters Control Odors, Reduce Pathogens, Improve Nutrient Manageability, Can be Cost Competitive with Lagoons, and Provide Energy Too!

Number of Operating Digesters (November 2010)

Success?

• •

Green Racing Initiative

Working with SAE, EPA created a work group that has developed a set of draft voluntary protocols that will turn racing into a laboratory for energy efficiency and reducing greenhouse gasses and auto emissions without slowing the cars or spoiling the sport.

• •

Responsible Appliance Disposal Partnership

The Responsible Appliance Disposal (RAD) program is a program where partners recover ozone-depleting chemicals from old refrigerators, freezers, air conditioners, and humidifiers. Using best practices, RAD partners ensure that: refrigerants are recovered and reclaimed or destroyed; foams are recovered and destroyed, or the blowing agent is recovered and reclaimed; metals, plastic, and glass are recycled; PCBs, mercury, and used oil are recovered and properly disposed. As part of the RAD program, EPA serves as a technical clearinghouse on responsible appliance disposal program development and implementation; calculates annual and cumulative program benefits in terms of ODS and GHG emission savings and equivalents and, provides partner recognition for achievement, such as through press releases, brochures, articles, and awards. RAD partners include utilities, municipalities, retailers, manufacturers, universities, and other interested organizations.

• •

GreenChill

EPA and the supermarket, refrigeration equipment and chemical refrigerant industries have established the Greenhill Advanced Refrigeration Partnership – a voluntary program to promote green technologies, strategies, and practices that protect the stratospheric ozone layer, reduce greenhouse gases, and save money. Partners must pledge to go above and beyond regulatory requirements by establishing an inventory of current refrigerant emissions that may affect climate change and the stratospheric ozone layer, and then setting reduction targets for these emissions. EPA estimates that widespread adoption of advanced refrigeration technologies, best practices, and improved equipment design and service could reduce refrigerant emissions. To counteract the depletion of stratospheric ozone, which protects earth's citizens from the sun's ultraviolet radiation, partners guarantee to use only ozone-friendly alternatives and advanced refrigeration technologies in all new and remodeled stores.

•

GreenScapes

Unifies government and industry, thereby influencing the reduction, reuse, and recycling of waste materials in large-scale landscaping by providing cost-efficient and environmentally-friendly solutions that conserve natural resources and energy.

•

Carpet America Recovery Effort

To increase the amount of recycling and reuse of post-consumer carpet, and reduce the amount of carpet going to landfills.

Thoughts on Partnership Model

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33/50 Program 17 Targeted Chemicals

Benzene Carbon tetrachloride Chloroform Dichloromethane Methyl ethyl ketone Methyl isobutyl ketone Tetrachloroethylene Toluene 1,1,1-Trichloroethane Trichloroethylene Xylenes Cadmium and cadmium compounds Chromium and chromium compounds Cyanide compounds Lead and lead compounds Mercury and mercury compounds Nickel and nickel compounds

Percent Change in Releases and Transfers of 33/50 Program Chemicals: Ozone Depleters vs. Others, 1988 1995

Source Reduction Activity: Percent of All Production-related Waste, 1991-1996