Transcript Web Concepts & Technology

ECA 228 Internet/Intranet
Design I
Intro to the Web
Web Concepts & Technology
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Internet vs web
Internet – a collection of computers used to
share information: web pages, email,
newsgroups, ftp, chat, hardware, equipment,
network, etc
Web- collection of individual documents for
viewing on the internet.
ECA 228 Internet/Intranet Design I
Client/Server
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Client/Server Architecture
– When you type in a URL, the browser (the client)
contacts the web server
– The browser requests the desired file
– Server looks for the file on its machine
– The file is sent back to the browser
– The file is saved to the cache (Temporary Internet
Files)
– The connection between client and server is broken
– The browser renders the file
ECA 228 Internet/Intranet Design I
Must put your web site on internet
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When you create a website, you must upload it
to a web server, otherwise no one will be able
to access it
Others cannot see a web page you created on
your personal computer unless your computer
is set up as a web server and connected to the
internet
ECA 228 Internet/Intranet Design I
FTP
File Transfer Protocol
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Used to transfer any type of file
Must have an FTP server and an FTP client
Upload- when you send a file from the client to the
server
Download- when you send from the server to the client
FTP is the most common way to put file up on the
internet
Examples include WS_FTP for Windows, Fetch for
Mac
ECA 228 Internet/Intranet Design I
HTML
Hypertext Markup Language
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A page description language
Decides how text and images will appear
Not really a programming language, but a
layout language
Hypertext- text that links to another document
ECA 228 Internet/Intranet Design I
HTML
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cont …
HTML is a text file, no images are stored in the
actual HTML file, it refers to them
Pictures are separate files referred to by
HTML, then loaded into their proper place
HTML can be created in notepad or any simple
text editor
To view the HTML file, use any browser
HTML will look differently in different browsers
ECA 228 Internet/Intranet Design I
HTML Editor
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HTML can be created and modifies in any text
editor
Notepad- simplest to use and comes with
Windows
Front Page
Dreamweaver MX
Both complex HTML editors
ECA 228 Internet/Intranet Design I
CGI Scripts
Common Gateway Interface
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Adds functionality to the site
A CGI script is a program
Most common language used in CGI is Perl
Can take input from a web page and process the data
Other CGI languages:
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C
C++
JavaScript
ECA 228 Internet/Intranet Design I
CGI
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cont …
CGI scripts are server side scripts; they are
stored on the web server
Purpose: counters, polls, password protection,
feedback, emails, connect to databases
The server runs the script, processes it, and
writes HTML back to the browser
This HTML page is generated dynamically
(may be different every time) by the script
ECA 228 Internet/Intranet Design I
Forms
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Forms allow users to enter information using a
web page
The browser sends information to the server
A program such as CGI processes the form
information entered by the user
ECA 228 Internet/Intranet Design I
Java
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Java is a product from Sun Microsystems
It is a programming language used to embed mini
programs or applets into a web page
To run a Java applet software called a “virtual java
machine” must be installed
Java is a multi-platform language- meaning it will run on
any operating system with a virtual java machine
installed
Java applets are client side- meaning the program is run
on the client computer
ECA 228 Internet/Intranet Design I
Java
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cont …
Stark State College of Technology offers
several courses in Java, the first of which is
ECA223 Java Programming
ECA 228 Internet/Intranet Design I
JavaScript and VBScript
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Adds functionality to a web page
Client Side scripting languages- meaning the browser is
the software that interprets the script
JavaScript was originally developed by Netscape
Microsoft’s developed VBScript, based on Visual Basic
Simple to program but limited security and functionality
Netscape and Internet Explorer both support JavaScript
Only Internet Explorer supports VBScript
ECA 228 Internet/Intranet Design I
JavaScript and VBScript
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The scripts are usually written inside HTML code
Uses :
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cont …
Form validation
Pop up windows
Pop up menus
Much more
If you are interested in Javascript we offer it in
ECA225
ECA 228 Internet/Intranet Design I
ASP
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Active Server Pages
Creates web pages dynamically
Server Side Scripting on Microsoft Servers
Can be connected easily to databases, email,
save to files etc.
ECA229 Microsoft Server Side Scripting
ECA 228 Internet/Intranet Design I
Cold Fusion MX
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Macromedia product
Runs on Microsoft servers or other servers
Server side scripting
This is taught in ECA234 CFML Tools, formally
called E-Commerce
ECA 228 Internet/Intranet Design I
PHP
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PHP: Hypertext Preprocessor
A free server side scripting language
Very popular because it is open source
ECA236 Open Source Server Side Scripting
Works well with other Open Source packages
such as Linux, Apache, and MySQL
ECA 228 Internet/Intranet Design I
Databases
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Connecting a web site to a database is where
the real money is
Storing inventory, name/password combinations,
etc
Popular databases include Access, SQL Server,
Oracle or MySQL
Access is adequate for small sites, bigger sites
need to use SQL Server, or a more professional
database like Oracle
ECA 228 Internet/Intranet Design I
CSS
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Cascading Style Sheets
Allows developer to separate the structure of a
website from its design
CSS enhances a site’s look, accessibility, and
consistency
CSS makes it much easier for a developer to
update or modify the look of a site
ECA 228 Internet/Intranet Design I
Language Summary
Language
Server
Client
HTML
X
CSS
X
CGI/Perl
X
Java
X
JavaScript
X
ASP
X
Cold Fusion
X
PHP
X
ECA 228 Internet/Intranet Design I
HTML Editors
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3 types of editors
1. Basic text editors - Notepad
2. Advanced Text Editors - color coded syntax,
TextPad
3. WYSIWYG- What you see is what you get
a. Microsoft Front page- new users
b. Dreamweaver- experienced users
ECA 228 Internet/Intranet Design I
HTML Editors
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cont …
If you wish to learn Dreamweaver Stark State
College of Technology offers:
IMT124 Macromedia tools
ECA 228 Internet/Intranet Design I
Graphics Packages
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Photoshop
Paint Shop Pro
Fireworks
Web site developers often need a graphics program to
manipulate images
Most browsers accept only .jpg or .gif image formats
Photoshop is offered in IMT122 Graphic Arts
ECA 228 Internet/Intranet Design I
Web Site Hosting
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Once you create a web site you must find a
place to host it
You will upload your files to a server, a
computer connected to the Internet 24x7
You can host your own site if you have a
dedicated computer hooked up to the internet
constantly
There are many free hosting sites available
ECA 228 Internet/Intranet Design I
Web Site Hosting
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You may want to pay a provider to host your
site
There are many commercial hosting services
available, with many advanced features
Prices range from $7 to $100 + per month
ECA 228 Internet/Intranet Design I
Domain Names
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To register your own domain name such as
www.myname.com , you must pay a nominal fee
Top Level Domains include:
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.com
.net
.org
commercial site
network site
organization
ECA 228 Internet/Intranet Design I
Domain Names
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cont …
Once you register your name you must get it
pointed to your web site. Your ISP (Internet
Service Provider) can usually help you to do this.
Then people simply type in your domain name
and it takes them to your site.
ECA 228 Internet/Intranet Design I
Search Engines
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Next you need to register your site in search
engines so people can find it. Registering in
search engines like Google, AltaVista, and
Yahoo.
ECA 228 Internet/Intranet Design I