Transcript see page 229

125
Section
Chapter
Section
1
How did transportation developments and
industrialization affect the nation’s economy?
7.1 Objectives
• Summarize the key developments in the transportation
revolution of the early 1800s.
• Analyze the rise of industry in the United States in the
early 1800s.
• Describe some of the leading inventions and
industrial developments in the early 1800s.
1. Turn in Black Hawk assignment, if you didn’t on Friday
2. Open text books to chapter 7 section 1
3. Get notebook ready for a few slides of notes
Industry
and Transportation
The Cold
War Begins
Section
1
Summarize the key developments in the transportation revolution of
the early 1800s.
The major settlements in the U.S.
originally developed along the rivers and
harbors of the Atlantic coast.
Water was the
most efficient
way to move
people and
goods.
Overland
transportation
was expensive
whether by cart,
wagon, sleigh,
stagecoach,
horse or oxen.
Industry and Transportation
Moving freight a
few dozen miles by
land cost as much
as shipping the
same items across
the ocean.
Section
1
Summarize the key developments in the transportation revolution of
the early 1800s.
States
chartered toll
roads called
turnpikes.
• Profits were supposed to be
used for road improvements
but most roads remained in
poor condition.
• Few turnpikes made a profit
or really improved the cost
or speed of transportation.
• An exception was the
National Road. This route
of crushed stone extended
from Maryland to the Ohio
River in 1818.
Industry and Transportation
Section
1
Summarize the key developments in the transportation revolution of
the early 1800s.
Water travel was revolutionized
by the steamboat.
In 1807, the first practical steamboat,
the Clermont, began sailing from
New York City.
Steamboats shortened a
trip up the Mississippi from
New Orleans to Louisville
from months to mere days.
Industry and Transportation
Inventor Robert Fulton
and his Clermont
Section
1
Summarize the key developments in the transportation revolution of
the early 1800s.
Canals linked farms and cities.
N
O
T
E
S
In 1825, the 363-mile Erie Canal connected
Lake Erie to the Hudson River.
Shipping costs between
Buffalo and New York
City plummeted from
$100 to $4 per ton.
The resulting rise in
commerce pushed New
York City’s population
to 800,000 by 1860.
Now linked to markets in the East,
Midwest farmers experienced
tremendous growth.
Industry and Transportation
Transportation
Section
1
Industry and Transportation
Section
1
Summarize the key developments in the transportation revolution of
the early 1800s.
Major Canals, Roads, and Railroads, 1840-1850
Industry and Transportation
Section
1
Summarize the key developments in the transportation revolution of
the early 1800s.
• started in Britain in the
1820s.
N
O
T
E
S
Introduction of
railroads
provided the
most dramatic
transportation
growth.
• Cost less to build; faster
• The US had 13 miles of
track in 1830 and 31,000
miles by 1860.
• A trip from Detroit to
New York City that took
28 days in 1800 took
just 2 days by train in
1857.
Industry and Transportation
Section
1
Summarize the key developments in the transportation revolution of
the early 1800s.
Industry and Transportation
Tuesday November 26, 2013
• Turn in 7.1 Reading/Writing
assignment
• Answer the following in your
notebook:
– What city became the nation’s leading
commercial center, thanks to the Erie Canal?
– Why were railroads better than canals?
– Which industry was the first to use machines?
– Name one new invention from this section.
Cause and Effect
• New ways to generate power lead to
power-driven machines.
• Machines replace hand tools and put
industry into factories.
• New machines mass-produce products.
• War of 1812 turns focus on developing
industries at home.
Industrial Revolution
• New machines change methods of producing
goods and cultivating crops.
• New industry stimulates economic growth.
• Distinctive regional economies develop.
• Enormous social changes occur as people work
outside their home.
Factory Work
Machines and Factories
Section
1
Analyze the rise of industry in the United States in the early 1800s.
In the 1700s, British factories began using
machines powered by steam or water to spin
thread or weave cloth. This was the start of the
Industrial Revolution.
Britain tried to prohibit the
export of industrial
technology.
In 1793, Samuel Slater, an
English emigrant, built a waterpowered mill from memory in
Pawtucket, Rhode Island.
Industry and Transportation
Section
1
Analyze the rise of industry in the United States in the early 1800s.
N
O
T
E
S
The Industrial Revolution soon
transformed the American economy.
Several mills used
the family system
that employed
parents and
children who lived
in a companyowned village.
Began in the
In 1813, Francis
textile industry. Cabot Lowell
combined all of
the steps to
manufacture cloth
in one location in
Waltham, MA.
Industry and Transportation
Section
1
Analyze the rise of industry in the United States in the early 1800s.
In the 1820s, Lowell built his
own factory town of Lowell,
Massachusetts.
He employed young single
girls from area farms.
Lowell girls
lived in closely
supervised
boarding houses
with strict rules.
After several
years, most
married.
Industry and Transportation
Section
1
Analyze the rise of industry in the United States in the early 1800s.
Technology changed how people worked and lived.
Work was divided
into small tasks,
reducing the level
of skill or training
needed for many
jobs.
Factory owners
profited because
unskilled workers
were more
numerous and
could be paid
less.
Industry and Transportation
In some
industries,
owners profited
by dividing labor
even without
using new
machines.
Section
1
Describe some of the leading inventions and industrial developments in
the early 1800s.
• Rather than a skilled artisan
making a single clock or
musket, workers made
individual components that
were later assembled.
Interchangeable
parts improved
efficiency.
• Eli Whitney produced
muskets with standardized
parts. A component from
one gun fit any other gun.
• Elias Howe and Isaac Singer
also used interchangeable
parts to build sewing
machines.
Industry and Transportation
Section
1
Describe some of the leading inventions and industrial developments in
the early 1800s.
Industry and Transportation
Section
1
Describe some of the leading inventions and industrial developments in
the early 1800s.
In 1837 Samuel F.B. Morse
revolutionized communications with
his invention the electric telegraph.
• The telegraph sent electrical pulses
along metal wires.
• “Morse Code” used dots and dashes to
instantly send information for miles.
• By 1860, the United States had
50,000 miles of telegraph line.
Industry and Transportation
Section
1
Describe some of the leading inventions and industrial developments in
the early 1800s.
Agriculture remained America’s chief industry
but innovations made farms more productive.
N
O
T
E
S
New methods
More efficient ways to plant, tend, and
harvest crops and raise livestock.
New
inventions
John Deere’s steel plow and Cyrus
McCormick’s mechanical reaper helped
double farm productivity by 1860.
New
farmland
More fertile farms in the Midwest raised
production.
Industry and Transportation
Technological Developments
Image 1: Lowell girl on
loom
see pages 228 and 231
Image 2: turnpike
toll gate
see page228
TASK: pick one image and write a three paragraph essay to explain the content.
Paragraph 1: describe the image – DO NOT say “I chose image 1.” I want to be able to
know what image your chose based solely on your description. What are the details?
What is going on?
Paragraph 2: What did this mean for American in the early 1800’s? How did America
change? What was improved?
Paragraph 3: What did this change mean for America today? What does it mean for
you, the “average American”?
THIS IS A FORMAL
WRITING
ASSIGNMENT. Use
complete sentences,
proper grammar,
correct spelling, and
necessary vocabulary.
Image 3: steam engine
see page 229
Image 4: Erie Canal
see page 229
Image 1: Lowell girl on loom
see pages 228 and 231
Image 2: turnpike toll gate
see page228
Image 3: steam engine
see page 229
Image 4: Erie Canal
see page 229
Image 1: Lowell girl on
loom
see pages 228 and 231
Image 2: turnpike
toll gate
see page228
TASK: pick one image and write a three paragraph essay to explain the content.
Paragraph 1: describe the image – DO NOT say “I chose image 1.” I want to be able to
know what image your chose based solely on your description. What are the details?
What is going on?
Paragraph 2: What did this mean for American in the early 1800’s? How did America
change? What was improved?
Paragraph 3: What did this change mean for America today? What does it mean for
you, the “average American”?
Image 3: steam engine
see page 229
THIS IS A FORMAL
WRITING
ASSIGNMENT. Use
complete sentences,
proper grammar,
correct spelling, and
necessary vocabulary.
Image 4: Erie Canal
see page 229
Section
1
Industry and Transportation
Section
1
Industry and Transportation
Section
1
How did transportation developments
and industrialization affect the
nation’s economy?
New technology changed the way Americans lived and worked.
Summarize the key developments in the transportation revolution of
the early 1800s.
The United States was set on a course of industrialization.
Analyze the rise of industry in the United States in the early 1800s.
Describe some of the leading inventions and industrial developments in
the early 1800s.
Industry and Transportation