Transcript Slide 1

ISGF TECHNOLOGY SESSION
(Last Mile connectivity in Smart Grid)
“Regulatory
Perspectives on
Distribution
Automation”
Vijay L Sonavane
ME(Elect.)
Member(Tech)
MERC Mumbai 400 005
Date: 1st June 2012
Maharashtra Power System
• Area :3.08 L Sq. km, 40,615 Villages
& 457 Towns, 121 M Citizens
• Installed capacity: 24000 (+) MW
• Daily Demand met: 325-375 MU
• 4 DL, 3 GENCO, 4TRANSCO,
3 JV TRANSCO
• 22 M Customers (3.4M Ag Pumps)
• ARR: Rs 60,000 Crores
• Demand Growth: 8%
• Dist Losses: MSEDCL: 16.8% &
Mumbai Utilities: 7-9.5 %
• Load shedding free by Dec 2012
Existing Grid Operation in
Maharashtra
• Centralized
Generation
disseminated
via
a
relatively passive limited
control
• Limited
two- way
communication between
utilities & end users
• Many Slow Analog &
Electro Mechanical legacy
systems (prone to failures
leading to black outs)
Thomas Edison & Present Grid System
“He has been dead for more than 75
years, but Thomas Edisonhailed as father of Electric blubprobably could have run the
Nation’s modern day Electric
Grid- It has not changed much”
- Denver Business Journal (Mar. 2007)
EA 2003: Mandate for Reforms
• An Act for taking measures conducive to
(1) Development of electricity industry,
(2) Promoting competition therein,
(3) Protecting interests of consumers
(4) Promotion of efficient & environmental
friendly policies
• S 61 (c): “ Commission…. shall be guided by the factors which
would encourage competition, efficiency, economical use of
resources, good performance & optimum investments”
Regulator’s Concern
• Key Regulatory concepts:
– “Prudent” management decisions
– “Used & Useful” Technology
– “Least cost/Least risk”
• Investment approval only if it enhances service
quality & Reliability/Efficiency
• Cost Recovery more likely if:
– Technology is proven & benefits are certain
Example for impact on Tariff
Capitaliation
400
Debt
(Loan)
%age
Rs Cr
Rs Cr
Equity (Own
Funds)
70%
280
% age
Rs Cr
30%
120
Annual Fixed Costs Computation
Interest on Loan (@ 10%)
Return on Equity (@16%)
O&M Exp(Salaries/R&M/A&G)
Interest on Working Capital
Depreciation(@ 5%)
28
19
10
10
20
Rs
Rs
Rs
Rs
Rs
Cr
Cr
Cr
Cr
Cr
Total burden on 1st year tariff
87
Rs Cr
(Consider a utility with ABR=Rs 4 PU & 10000 MU sale
Rs 87 Cr additional ARR means PU tariff rise 8.7 Ps)
Difference in Objectives of
Regulators & Innovators
• Regulators set tariffs based on known cost & proven
technology : to protect consumers from tariff shock
• Regulators are Risk-averse: (strong disliking)
“It’s the second mouse that gets the cheese”, first
having proved its use.
• Innovators seek capital to bring new technology to
market & reap benefits of being an “early mover”.
• Innovator: Risk-taker: “It’s the early bird that gets
the worm”
Key issues in front of Regulators
(Agent of “CHANGE”?)
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•
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What is Distribution Automation?
Is Dist Automation helpful for system?
Is technology sufficiently mature?
Whether DA Investments are prudent?
Who should bear “dry hole” risk?
Main players of Dist Automation Market:
Utilities/ Electricity Consumers/R&D Institutions/
Equipment Vendors & System integrators/ &
REGULATORS
Distribution Automation (IEEE Definition)
• “A system that enables an electric utility to monitor, coordinate &
operate Dist components in a real-time mode from remote
locations.’’
• WHY AUTOMATION?:
– Improvement of Efficiency/ Reliability/ Quality of supply
• HOW? By Using advanced communication & IT systems
• Decision making feature of DA distinguishes it from the normal
SCADA system.
• BENEFITS OF AUTOMATION:
– Released capacity/ Reduced Dist losses
– Increased Service Reliability (Regulatory requirement).
– Life Extension of equipments / Effective utilization of Assets
Dist Automation Functions
• MONITORING FUNCTIONS:
Meter reading/ System &
equipment status/ Unusual events
• CONTROL FUNCTIONS: Switching operations/ Feeder
sectionalizers/ Change of settings/ Capacitor bank control
/Voltage Regulators/ Protective equipment
• PROTECTION FUNCTIONS : Over current protection/ Distance
protection/ Differential protection
• Dist Automation Sub-system CATEGORIZATION: Information
management/
Reliability
management/
Efficiency
management/ Voltage & VAR management/Load
management/ Power quality management
Need for DA in Indian Utilities.
• T&D losses: 24%. DT failure Rate: 10-15% per
year
• DT failure: Due to non-availability of DT
health parameters & its loading conditions.
• O&M of Dist system: Non-availability of
system topological information, current
health information of Dist components
• Lack of use of efficient tools for planning &
quick detection of fault & service restoration
• GOI’s
positive
step:
Restructured
Accelerated Power Development & Reforms
Program (R-APDRP): Objective to introduce
DA with IT solutions for better Management
& Control of Dist system .
Attributes of Dist Automation
• Acquire , distribute, Manage, correlate & share large amounts
of real-time data & non-operational data
• Enhance network security of real-time & non-operational data
• Perform functions of several individual devices by one device
(reduce Capex)
• Utilize modern S/S communication solutions (reduce costs)
• Support reuse of legacy equipment by communicating with
existing devices & adding new functions on integrated devices
(reduce Costs)
• Monitoring of S/S equipment & feeders
• Implement expandable scalable architecture to meet future
physical & functional requirements (reduce life cycle costs )
Feeder Automation
• Dist S/s Automation  Feeder
Automation
• By acquiring data & automating
responses on feeder: Reliability to
end customer significantly improves
• Functions:
–
–
–
–
–
Voltage & load measurement,
feeder protection,
auto-sectionalizing, auto-restoration,
VOLTAGE/VAR control,
power quality monitoring & autorestoration (in communications with other
equipment) & load shedding.
Dist Transformer & other
equipment Monitoring
• Monitor DT load, Oil & winding Temp
• Check Health of DT using DG Analysis
• Controlled loading on Xmers under
emergencies
Reclosers & breakers:
• Change settings remotely
• Record energy interrupted by contacts/
• Refurbish contact only when necessary
• Labour & parts savings/ Capacitor
switching for voltage & VAR control
• On Load-tap-changer & Voltage regulator
control
Regulator’s views:
How DA Can Help Dist. System in Maharashtra?
1.
2.
3.
Effective Load Management:
As Real
Time info is available, LM can be
effective. DR Scheme can also be
implemented.
Solar & RE Issues: Wind/Solar power is
infirm (can not be predicted). What
happens when 20 %
homes in a
neighbourhood go solar & a cloud passes
overhead?:
Grids
have
trouble
accommodating
that
two-way,
intermittent flow.
With too much
solar/RE power: Local grid voltage could
rise, Control can be effective through DA
Electricity Pilferage by meter tamper &
Unauthorized tapping: DA gives real time
alert in case of Pilferages.
Regulator’s views on DA: Risks
• High capital costs: Communication network & large hardware
costs: Investment approval needed
• Software integration risk: Establishing Common Standard
Interoperability: Comm. Protocol
• Sharing of Benefits to customers & Utility due to: Loss
reduction & efficiency improvements
• Large scale integrated pilots needed in Metro cities.
• Only after sharing pilot learning, there can be reduction of risk
premium on capital & operating cost levels.
• Integration of Distributed Gen, RE Gen & Captive Gen
• IT enablness in Rural area: Communication issues
Case Studies: DA Initiatives in
Maharashtra
(Data Centre & Customer Facilitation Centre in MSEDCL)
Current Meter Reading Methods
in MSEDCL
 CMRI for HT & High value LT Customers
 Dom : Low Revenue: Photo Meter
Reading
Technology proposed – AMR
Common Frame Work developed
Protocols used: IEC 62056/21
AMR Coverage : Feeder Meters, HT
Consumers & DTC Meters& LT
Commercial consumers (over 100,000
Customers)
Total Customers: 20 Million (+)
GIS Field Survey/
Modem installations
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New Technology initiated in
Energy Metering
• Meters with Infrared Ports: Rural Consumers
• Meters with Low Power Radio Frequency Modems: Urban
Consumers
– Frequency : Free 2.4 GHz Global Band at 250kbps
– Protocol used for RF Modems IEEE 802.15.4 Standard
ZigBee
• Pre-paid Meters with RF Modules: Online Recharge
• Common Meter Protocol for Hand Held Units developed
• Advantage: Single hand held Machine for Different Types
of Meters (1/3 PH) & Different Make of Meters
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R-Infra D Case Study
Network Focus : State-of-Art Systems
• State-of-the-Art Dist SCADA
(certified ISO 27001)
• Dist Management System
• Integrated GIS
• Remote Substation monitoring
• Fault Passage Indicator & Relay
intelligence
Leading to a
System Reliability of 99.98%
– Faster Detection of faulty Section
– Enhancing Equipment Life
– Reduced voltage fluctuations
Equipment Monitoring System (EMS) (R-IN D)
INTELLIGENT
BLACK BOX
FIREALARM
CAMERA
APFC
TRANSFORMER
FPI
SWITCHGEAR
A TYPICAL SUB-STATION
CONTROL-ROOM
FIRE / INTRUDER ALARM
FPI & SWITCHGEAR MGMT.
OIL TEMP. / LEVEL
DETECT MOTION / CAMERA
OVERLOAD / PHASE IMBAL
AMR / APFC CONTROL
Future – Smart Substation monitoring- Predictive Approach
Technology for Meter reading (R-Infra D)
NEW METER
INSTALLATION
METER
READING
Grid Meters / Feeder meters/
DT Meters/ HT Consumers: AMR
enabled:
 AMR: Load forecasting, EA ,
LM, Equipment health
monitoring/ Value added
customer services/ Theft
detection module
Tamper Evident
electronic meter
MRI enabled
Built-in
validations
Time < 7 days
Easy and Quick
Mapping on GIS
Reduced errors
Near 100% Electronic
Meters for LT Consumers
 Over 100,000 meters read daily
with (accuracy 99.7%)
 Meter Reading date
reminders
Over SMS/On Energy Bill
TPC-D Dist Automation System
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DA in all 17 DIST SS & 238/ 507 Consumer SS (FY
2005)
Remote control of all connected DSS & CSS
Monitoring of equipment status & analog values
Alarms & event logs with time stamping
Dynamic network coloring for indicating live & dead
network
Server level redundancy / work Station at PSCC &
zonal control centers. (ML, SAKI, BRVLY, VKRLY,
SLSTE, DHRVY)
Success rate of remote operations thro’ DAS: 98%
Loss of Communication link/ CDMA & Modem
related issues
Replacement being planed in FY 2013 to cater
growing requirements & advanced features
(LF/SE/Optimization)
DA in BEST Undertaking
• DT Metering : 87 % of completed.
• ALSTOM make SCADA at RSS level: WIP
• At 11 RSS, local level SCADA system is
ON. Balance 23: WIP
• Total DSS: 400 Nos. (RTU: Measurands/
Indications)
• 115 DSS SCADA equipments
Commissioned
• DA Project: Orders on M/S R.F ARRAYS
M/S EASUN RAYROLE
• Control Centre at Backbay Veej Bhavan
& Pathakwadi
• Communication link is ZIG-BEE wireless
2.44 GHZ with router/repeaters.
Distribution System Reliability
• System Reliability & Customer Satisfaction depends on:
•
•
•
No. of momentary & sustained interruptions
Duration of interruptions
No. of Customers interrupted
• Reliable system: Regulatory requirements
• Need: Maintenance scheduling & Resource allocation
• Planning systems for future based on Reliability indices.
– SAIFI (System Average Interruption Frequency Index)
– SAIDI (System Average Interruption Duration Index)
– CAIDI (Customer Average Interruption Duration Index)
– MAIFI (Momentary Average Interruption Frequency
Index)
DA & System Reliability
DA can increase the System Reliability by
• Increasing Utilization of Existing Infrastructure:
enable more efficient operation of PS, allowing
closer control of voltage profiles
• Contributing to outage prevention & recovery,
optimal system performance under changing
conditions, & reduced operating costs.
• Easy Operations &
Improved efficiency,
management of peak loads via predictive
technologies (DR)
& communications with
equipments: Quick Restoration technologies
What is Smart Grid To a….?
• Meter Engineer: Advanced
Metering Infrastructure (AMI)
• Protection & Control Engineer:
Substation & Dist Automation
• Control Room Operator:
Dist & Outage Management
• Design & Planning Engineer:
Asset Management
• IT Engineer: Challenge of
bringing it all together
• And they all are right!!!!!!!!
MERC Smart Grid Coordination
Committee (MERC SG-CC)
• MERC issued DSM Regulations in 2010 & also
formulated DSM-CC for speeding up the DSM
projects.
• DSM-CC: Secretary MERC is the Chairman of the
Committee, with members from utilities & IIT
Mumbai, Experts in field
• All DSM proposals received from utilities are
discussed in detail in DSM-CC & comments on the
scheme are sent to the Commission. No DSM
scheme is approved unless it is cleared by DSM CC
• On similar grounds, MERC SG-CC is being formed;
with representatives from Utilities (GTD), IIT
Mumbai, MERC. First meeting on 12th June 2012.
Special Regulations for SG implementation
Let Us Make a SMART beginning
towards Smart Grid
• Operational Improvements:
– Metering & Billing/Outage management
– Work force management /Reduced losses/ Better Asset
Utilization
• Asset Management : System Planning (Deferment of CAPEX
Program) /Improved Maintenance practices
• DA empowers system operators & provides them
unprecedented visibility & control over the system
(Efficiency Improvement
• DA helps in Promoting RE Gen & Captive Gen/ Reducing
AT&C losses & Improving System reliability & quality of
supply
• Win-Win Situation: Regulator: to work as catalyst
for benefit to customers
Utilities/ Consumers/R&D Institutions/
Equipment Vendors & System integrators/
& REGULATORS
“If it is to be
It is up to me!!”
Thank You !!
(Contact me: [email protected])
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