20 Century History….LET’S GOOOO!

8/27 & 8/28

  Take out signed syllabus and pass to the front Take out IB Honor Policy pass to the front 

Causes, Practices & Effects of Wars

 Unit 1- Origins and causes of the First World War (WWI)  Icebreaker – Define the following words in your notebook: 

Militarism

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Alliances

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Imperialism

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Nationalism

Long Term Causes of WWI

THE CAUSES OF WWI CAN BE EXPLAINED THROUGH THE ACRONYM M.A.N.I.A

Militarism – countries expanded their armies, competing to build battleships Alliances – All the major powers, were linked, made it more likely that a war would start, made it more likely war would spread Nationalism – an age that all nations wanted to assert their power and independence Imperialism – All the great powers were competing for colonies and territories Assassination – Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria Hungary in Serbia

Europe Pre WWI

Overview

 Late 19 th century, rivalry develop between the ‘Great Powers’ of Europe       They competed to enhance their empires and expand their colonial possessions European states found themselves in economic competition, battling for control of trade and markets 1870 arms race develop which saw countries increasing their armies and turning

to more advances weapons and tactics

Nationalism accompanied a surge in militarism as countries prepared to mobilize for war Early 20 th Century the Ottoman Empire break up lead to a upheaval and unrest in the Balkans Final trigger for war was when the heir to the Austro-Hungarian Empire was assassinated while on a visit to Serbia….Austria’s demands were not met by Serbia…Austria declared war…International system of alliances meant that Europe and much of the rest of the world, was soon involved in a full scale war

Imperial Rivalry

 Great War was a war between the ‘Great Powers’ of Europe and their empires  Austro – Hungarian Empire    Britain Empire France and its empire Germany and its empire   Russian Empire Ottoman Empire (Turkey) joined war in 1914   Italy joined war in 1915 USA in 1917

Rivalry over trade markets

   Access to raw materials and the ability to sell goods overseas were important To protect their industries many countries introduced tariff barriers Examples  Japan & Russia clashed over Manchuria in 1904  Africa the Great Powers scrambled to dominate areas Britain wanted control of South Africa = Boer War

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Imperial Rivalry

France & Britain were bitter rivals in North Africa and nearly went to war in 1898 Russia was in danger of going to war with Britain over land in India These disputes were settled peacefully France objected to Germany in its interests in North Africa & two other major crisis (the Moroccan Crisis & when Germany annexed the region of Alsace-Lorraine from France)

Militarism

 By 1870 nearly all European powers increased the size of their armies and technology of weapons  Developments in transportation meant that more railways could carry greater numbers of troops  Nationalism was hand in hand with militarism = countries were proud of their armed forces  Mobilization and detailed war plans contributed to fast acting of troops to battle fronts

Alliances Form

   1879 The Dual Alliance – Germany and Austria – Hungary made an alliance to protect themselves 1882 – The Triple Alliance – Germany and Austria Hungary made an alliance with Italy to stop Italy from taking sides with Russia 1894 – The Franco – Russian Alliance – Russia formed an alliance with France to protect itself against Germany and Austria Hungary; France also sought an ally against Germany     1904 – The Entente Cordiale – This was an agreement between Britain & France, recognizing each other’s colonial possession 1907 – The Anglo – Russian Entente – This was an agreement between Britain and Russia about spheres of influence in Asia 1907 – The Triple Entente – The Entente Cordiale & Russian Entente made it seem that there was a friendship between France, Britain, & Russia – the so called Triple Entente 1914 – The Triple Entente – Britain, Russia, and France agreed to sign for peace together

Triple Alliance versus Triple Entente

      Starting in 1870 Germany embarked on an industrial revolution of their own..(A “place in the sun”) German merchants started to appear in foreign markets around the same time offering goods cheaper than those of the British Germany turned up as a colonial rival of Britain and France in Africa, Middle East, and Far East Otto von Bismarck of Germany formed a military alliance in 1879 with Austria-Hungary to which Italy was added in 1882 forming the Triple Alliance The French faced by the Triple Alliance soon signed the Franco Russian Alliance in 1894 Thus the continent was divided into two opposed camps

Crisis in Morocco & the Balkans

  Germany was eager to test how far the British would go in support of France Kaiswer William II was in favor of Moroccan independence (mainly to break up understanding between France & Britain )   The Old Ottoman Empire was ethnically and religiously divided First Balkan Crisis – Austria proclaimed annexation of Bosnia…this angered the Serbs who had marked Bosnia their own

France & Great Britain

 Traditionally Britain practiced “Splendid Isolation”  French recognized Britain occupation of Egypt, and Britain recognized French penetration of Morocco  Agreed to support each other against protests by third parties  By 1907 Britain, France, and Russia were acting together forming the Triple Entente

The Sarajevo Crisis

    On June 28 th , 1914 Gravrilo Princip of the Black Hand of Serbia assassinated Archduke Francis Ferdinand in the streets of Sarajevo, the Bosnian capital, in the Austrian Empire The Archduke would have soon become the emperor of Austria Austria gave Serbia an ultimatum demanding that Austrian officials be permitted to collaborate in investigating and punishing those responsible for the assassination The Serbs rejected and the system of alliances would come into effect…

Sequence of events that led to the outbreak of European war in 1914

     June 28, 1914: In Sarajevo a Serbian nationalist/terrorist assassinated Austrian Archduke Ferdinand (the heir to the throne of Austria) and his wife July 27, 1914: Austria invades Serbia causing Russia a secret ally of Serbia to mobilize for war August 1, 1914: Germany, an ally of Austria, declared war on Russia August 3, 1914: Germany, declared war on France and invades Belgium (as the fastest way for the German Army to reach Paris) August 4, 1914: Great Britain, ally of France, declared war on Germany

Ticket out the door

 What were the 4 main causes of WWI?