Transcript Slim Hole drilling - Lowell Professional Services Limited
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Slim Hole Technology Roger Hough Shell Canada
This presentation will: Give an overview of slim hole technology Define why it is only now gathering momentum Provide some case histories Explore the prospects for the future
Slim Hole Technology What is slim hole?
Types of slim hole drilling Why slim hole?
Problems and solutions
What is Slim Hole?
SHDEC: Drilling , evaluation and completion technology which allows fully engineered 6 1/4" and smaller holes at TD.
Slimline well: Well with a cost-effective design around an optimal production conduit. Logging: Anything smaller than 4 3/4", or minimum 2 7/8". Tool OD 2 1/4"
Types of slim hole drilling: Shallow Rotary Continuous coring Downsized Conventional Combination Small horizontal sidetracks Coiled tubing drilling
Why Slim Hole?
Exploration in immature areas Exploration in mature areas Production applications High pressure / temperature wells Safety Environmental Logistics Economics
Why Slim Hole?
Exploration in immature areas Exploration in mature areas Production applications High pressure / temperature wells Safety Environmental Logistics Economics
Why Slim Hole?
Exploration in immature areas Exploration in mature areas Production applications High pressure / temperature wells Safety Environmental Logistics Economics
Why Slim Hole?
Exploration in immature areas Exploration in mature areas Production applications High pressure / temperature wells Safety Environmental Logistics Economics
Completion Technology 20” 13 3 / 8 “ 3 1 / 2 “ tubing 9 5/ 8 “ 7” Conventional Monobore PBR tie-back Rotating liner hanger
Monobore Toolkit Restriction Full bore Jet cleaner PLT Under reamer TTBP High rate jet cleaner Packer flow meter Full-bore CT mill Straddle packer Retrievable straddle Electro line set bridge plug
Typical 3 1/2 ” monobore completion 5 1/2” 17 lb/ft production casing Standard 3 1/2” flow control equipment with 2.813 seal bore ID Side pocket mandrels with 2.813” seal bore ID Liner hanger complete with tubing tieback Retrievable straddle Retrievable or permanent bridge plug 3 1/2” 9.2 lb/ft production liner
Slim hole producers A 3 1/2” monobore can produce 4000 b/d or 50MMscf/d Downsizing a completion from 7” to 3 1/2” can reduce well costs by 15-40%
Production Rate vs Tubing Size 100000 50000 25000 Gross Rate b/d 10000 500 0 2500 1000 500 100 50 25 10 Wet Gas Rate MMscf/d 20 40 60 8 0 3 1/2 ” 10 0 120 4 1/2 ” 140 5 1/2 ” 16 0 180 7” mm inch
Well Productivity vs Diameter 1.
1 1.05
1.0
Relative PI 0.95
0.9
0.85
0 5 10 Bit Diameter (inches) 15 20
Slim hole producers For Shell’s existing reservoirs on a worldwide basis: – 40% of the oil originally in place would be produced by existing technology – 20% would be bypassed – 20% would be residual oil saturation Recovery of half the remaining oil would increase recoverable reserves by 50%.
Why Slim Hole?
Exploration in immature areas Exploration in mature areas Production applications High pressure / temperature wells Safety Environmental Logistics Economics
Why Slim Hole?
Exploration in immature areas Exploration in mature areas Production applications High pressure / temperature wells Safety Environmental Logistics Economics
Why Slim Hole?
Exploration in immature areas Exploration in mature areas Production applications High pressure / temperature wells Safety Environmental Logistics Economics
Why Slim Hole?
Exploration in immature areas Exploration in mature areas Production applications High pressure / temperature wells Safety Environmental Logistics Economics
Why Slim Hole?
Exploration in immature areas Exploration in mature areas Production applications High pressure / temperature wells Safety Environmental Logistics Economics
Problems and Solutions Problem Cementing Fishing Drillstring failures Well control Limited evaluation Small clearances, high ECDs, hole problems Bit life, poor penetration rate Solution Enhanced liners, improved slurries Fishing tools Vibration mitigation, high torque drillstring Accurate flow in / out measurement Slim hole logging and testing tools Shear thinning fluids / formates, thruster to replace DC PDC bits, anti-whirl bits,
Problems and Solutions Problem Cementing Fishing Drillstring failures Well control Limited evaluation Small clearances, high ECDs, hole problems Bit life, poor penetration rate Solution Enhanced liners, improved slurries Fishing tools Vibration mitigation, high torque drillstring Accurate flow in / out measurement Slim hole logging and testing tools Shear thinning fluids / formates, thruster to replace DC PDC bits, anti-whirl bits,
Slim hole fluid pressure drops 0 Formate mud 3 1/2” DP 7” 5” 2 7/8” DP 4 1/8” Bit 5000 m 0 Chalk mud 250 bar
Problems and Solutions Problem Cementing Fishing Drillstring failures Well control Limited evaluation Small clearances, high ECDs, hole problems Bit life, poor penetration rate Solution Enhanced liners, improved slurries Fishing tools Vibration mitigation, high torque drillstring Accurate flow in / out measurement Slim hole logging and testing tools Shear thinning fluids / formates, thruster to replace DC PDC bits, anti-whirl bits,
Problems and Solutions Problem Cementing Fishing Drillstring failures Well control Limited evaluation Small clearances, high ECDs, hole problems Bit life, poor penetration rate Solution Enhanced liners, improved slurries Fishing tools Vibration mitigation, high torque drillstring Accurate flow in / out measurement Slim hole logging and testing tools Shear thinning fluids / formates, thruster to replace DC PDC bits, anti-whirl bits,
Kick detection system BNP SPM SPP P Flow in Flow out Computer Max Min P BOP Alarm
Problems and Solutions Problem Cementing Fishing Drillstring failures Well control Limited evaluation Small clearances, high ECDs, hole problems Bit life, poor penetration rate Solution Enhanced liners, improved slurries Fishing tools Vibration mitigation, high torque drillstring Accurate flow in / out measurement Slim hole logging and testing tools Shear thinning fluids / formates, thruster to replace DC PDC bits, anti-whirl bits,
Standard Thruster Drillpipe Drillcollars Hookload No thruster Thruster Mud Motor Bit Thruster in use
Soft Torque Rotary Table SCR Rotary Drillpipe Drive motor
Field Validation of MKII STRS ON Time = 60s
Problems and Solutions Problem Cementing Fishing Drillstring failures Well control Limited evaluation Small clearances, high ECDs, hole problems Bit life, poor penetration rate Solution Enhanced liners, improved slurries Fishing tools Vibration mitigation, high torque drillstring Accurate flow in / out measurement Slim hole logging and testing tools Shear thinning fluids / formates, thruster to replace DC PDC bits, anti-whirl bits,
Problems and Solutions Problem Cementing Fishing Drillstring failures Well control Limited evaluation Small clearances, high ECDs, hole problems Bit life, poor penetration rate Solution Enhanced liners, improved slurries Fishing tools Vibration mitigation, high torque drillstring Accurate flow in / out measurement Slim hole logging and testing tools Shear thinning fluids / formates, thruster to replace DC PDC bits, anti-whirl bits,
Integration is important mwd p pd pda mud viscosity mud density mud temperature pc pca pump strokes GPM pt ecd pm pb dp RPM torque WOB bit TFA bit aggressiveness
Case Histories - Exploration BP - West Africa
Slim Hole Well Configuration 20 in conductor 10 in cond 17 1 / 2 9 7/ 8 12 1 / 4 8 1 / 2 6 Reservoir 3000 m 6 3 / 8 4.8
3.8
SPE/IADC 25724
Slim Hole Wellsite Environmental Impact Slimhole site 60 m 120 m 75 m Conventional site 150m •Hole diameters reduced by 50% •Mud consumption and cuttings reduced by 75% •Site reduced by 75% •Overall costs reduced between 40% and 50% SPE/IADC 25724
Case Histories - Exploration Guatemala
Positive Learnings Lower day rate Lower material costs Lower location preparation costs Lower Mob/ demob costs Less waste disposal Smaller crew
Negative Learnings Poor hydraulics High ECDs - unable to get desired mud weight Hole erosion due to high annular velocities Limited choice of bits Non standard tools 3 1/2” logging tools unsuitable for 4 1/4” hole
Case Histories - Exploration Madagascar
Madagascar Slim vs Conventional MDZ-1 MDS-1 7” 5” 2500m Cost 100% 8.1/2” 2200m 60% 4.1/4”
Madagascar Cost Comparisons 12 $US millions 8 4 0 Well 1 Well 2 Well 3 Slim-hole well
Positive Learnings Reduced tonnage, location, construction work and waste material Reduced driving hazards (1/2 the trucks) Reduced environmental impact Kick detection - 20L detected Antivibration technology > gauge 4 1/4” hole Good quality logs
Negative Learnings Assorted rig packages 5000 psi design - 3600psi available Bit TFA too high - bit selection poor Mud pump used for cementing
Case Histories - Production Germany
Field Experience Retrofit SHD 5000 m Well costs Cuttings volume 7 ” L 100% 100% 8 “ OH 2 7 ” L 5 ” L 75% 60% 5 “ OH 7 “ L 5” L 60% 30% 4 “ OH
Case Histories - Production House Mountain
Hole Geometry 2120m 25 deg/30 m 565 m 7 3 “
Where is slim-hole going?
Slim hole technologies are proven and reliable.
The industry is beginning to embrace slim hole - first operators and service companies, now the drilling contractors.
A start can be made with retrofit systems before committing to a dedicated rig.
New applications are emerging.
New Applications Coiled tubing drilling – Ultra Short Radius Jetting – Underbalanced drilling – Expandable Tubulars – Coiled Tubing Completions Dedicated Slim Hole Rigs
Typical slim hole casing schemes
7" 5" 3.1/2"
BHI SH manual
8.3/4" - 8.3/8" 10.3/4" or 9.5/8” 12.1/4" 10.3/4" or 9.5/8” 3.1/2" Tubing Monobore 6.1/4" - 5.7/8" 9.7/8" - 8.3/8" 7.5/8" - 7" 7.5/8" - 7" 6.3/4" - 5.3/4" 4.1/4" - 4.1/8" 5.1/2" - 5" 5.1/2" - 5" 4.3/4" - 4.1/8" 2.7/8" - 2.5/8" 4" - 3.1/2" RE-ENTRY 3.1/2" EXPLORATION 3.3/8" - 2.5/8" 2.7/8" - 2.5/8" DEVELOPMENT / PRODUCTION
Case Histories - Production Peace River
New Generation Slim Hole Rigs Euroslim (Forasol / Elf / Total / DBS) Simpler (Sedco-Forex) Kenting Rig 11 Hybrid CT units
Slim Hole Wellsite the shrinkage continues Simpler 16.5
44 Foraslim 26m 32m 75 m Slimhole 60 m 120 m Conventional site 150 m
Multidisciplinary Crew Rig Team Maintenance Team MWD / Logging Total 8 (15) 3 (5) 1 (3) 13 (23) Conventional Operations (40)
Next Steps Good planning and integration of a slim-hole campaign is needed with all parties.
Design the well from inside out.
Compromises may be needed, but the result should be better information for less cost, reduced finding / lifting costs, increased reserves, better safety and S.D.
Slim hole is coming it’s up to oil company and contractor alike to benefit from it.