Transcript Right Sizing” National Initiatives to Reduce Healthcare

“Right Sizing” National Initiatives to Reduce
Healthcare Associated Infections
Critical Access Hospitals
MHA Quality Improvement Showcase - 2011
Bonnie Barnard, MPH, CIC
HAI Prevention Initiative Coordinator
MTDPHHS
Federal
Activities
State
Activities
From: Cardo D, et. al., Moving toward elimination of healthcare-associated infections: A call to action; Infec Cont
Hosp Epidemiol 31(11): 1101-1105, Nov 2010
Summary of Progress Toward the Nine National Targets
for Elimination of Healthcare-Associated Infections, 2010
* 2009 or 2009-2010 is the baseline period.
EIP is the CDC’s Emerging Infections Program; HCCUP is AHRQ’s Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project; NHSN is
the CDC’s National Healthcare Safety Network; SCIP is surgical care improvement project
Metric
Bloodstream infections
Adherence to central-line insertion practices
Clostridium difficile (hospitalizations)
Clostridium difficile infections
Urinary tract infections
MRSA invasive infections (population)
MRSA bacteremia (hospital)
Surgical site infections
On Track to
National 5-year
Data Source
Meet 2013
Prevention Target
Targets?
NHSN
50% reduction
Yes
Data not yet
NHSN
100% adherence
available*
HCUP
30% reduction
No
Data not yet
NHSN
30% reduction
available*
Data not yet
NHSN
25% reduction
available*
EIP
50% reduction
Yes
Data not yet
NHSN
25% reduction
available*
NHSN
25% reduction
No
Surgical Care Improvement Project Measures SCIP
95% adherence
Yes
*2009 or 2009-2010 is the baseline period.
EIP is the CDC’s Emerging Infections Program; HCCUP is AHRQ’s Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project; NHSN is the CDC’s
National Healthcare Safety Network; SCIP is surgical care improvement project.
Adherence to Evidence-Based
Prevention Practices
PREVENTION OF CA-UTI
Why CA-UTI?
• Most common hospital-acquired infection:
40% of all HAIs
> 1 million cases annually (hospitals & nursing
homes)
• 12-25% of all hospitalized patients receive a
urinary catheter
– Half of these found to not have valid indication
Potential Impact
• Increased length of stay 0.5 – 1 day
• Estimated cost per case of CA-UTI ranges from
$500-$3,000
• Cost to health care system up to $450 million
annually according to CMS
• CA-UTI not documented as present on
admission can no longer code patient to
higher reimbursement DRG for Medicare
Evidence-Based Guidelines
• APIC CA-UTI Elimination Guide
www.apic.org/CAUTIGuide
• SHEA-IDSA Compendium
http://www.shea-online.org/about/compendium.cfm
• CDC Guideline
http://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/dhqp/gl_catheter_assoc.ht
ml#
Evidence of Success
• Numerous published studies reporting
reductions in CA-UTI rates of 48-81%
– Use of reminders
– Nurse-driven protocols
– Reduction in duration of catheter days
“The duration of catheterization is the most important
risk factor for development of infection.”
SHEA-IDSA Compendium, October 2008
Preventing CA-UTI
1. Avoid unnecessary urinary catheters
2. Insert using aseptic technique
3. Maintain catheters based on recommended
guidelines (daily care)
4. Review catheter necessity daily and remove
promptly
1. Avoid unnecessary urinary catheters
• Studies:
– 21% of catheters not indicated at insertion
– 41-58% in place found to be unnecessary
• Catheters
– Are uncomfortable for patients
– Decrease mobility, which may impair recovery and
contribute to other complications (e.g., pressure
ulcers, deep vein thrombosis)
Saint S, Lipsky BA. Preventing catheter-related bacteriuria: Should we? Can we? How? Arch Intern Med. 1999 Apr 26;159(8):800-808.
Jain P, Parada JP, David A, Smith LG. Overuse of the indwelling urinary tract catheter in hospitalized medical patients. Arch Intern Med.
1995;155:1425-1429.
Indications for Indwelling Urinary
Catheters
Based on expert guidelines and published literature:
• Perioperative use for selected surgical procedures
• Urine output monitoring in critically ill patients
• Management of acute urinary retention and urinary
obstruction
• Assistance in pressure ulcer healing for incontinent patients
• As an exception, at patient request to improve comfort (SHEAIDSA) or for comfort during end-of-life care (CDC)
Avoidance Strategies
• External condom catheters for appropriate
male patients
• Intermittent catheterization multiple times
per day
• Assessing urinary retention with bladder
ultrasound
Changes to Avoid Unnecessary Catheters
• Develop criteria for appropriate insertion and
verify prior to every insertion
• Empower nurses to contact physicians before
insertion if criteria are not met
• Use a checklist of criteria – include this with
the insertion kits
• Determine where most catheters are inserted
(probably the ED) and start there
2. Insert urinary catheters using aseptic
technique
• Utilize appropriate hand hygiene practice.
• Insert catheters using aseptic technique and sterile
equipment, specifically using:
– gloves, a drape, and sponges;
– sterile or antiseptic solution for cleaning the urethral
meatus; and
– single-use packet of sterile lubricant jelly for insertion.
• Use as small a catheter as possible that is consistent with
proper drainage, to minimize urethral trauma.
3. Maintain catheters based on
recommended guidelines
• Maintain a sterile, continuously closed drainage system.
• Keep catheter properly secured to prevent movement and
urethral traction.
• Keep collection bag below the level of the bladder at all times.
• Maintain unobstructed urine flow.
• Empty collection bag regularly, using a separate collecting
container for each patient, and avoid allowing the draining
spigot to touch the collecting container.
• Maintain meatal care with routine hygiene (bathing).
4. Daily review of necessity with prompt
removal
• Determine need for continuation
• Remove if not indicated
• Possible strategies:
– Nursing assessments at every shift, with requirement to contact
physician if criteria are not met
– Nursing protocols for removal of urinary catheters based on criteria
– Automatic stop orders for 48 to 72 hours after insertion, continuation
only when indication is documented in renewal order
– Reminders in patient records requiring physicians to document
indication for continuation of catheter
Surgical Site Infections
Adherence to Evidence-Based
Practices
Comprehensive HAI Prevention
• Early identification and containment or isolation
– Sharing information
– Resolving practice differences
• Hand hygiene
– Unit based teams
– Clear targets
• Environmental sanitation
– Standardize P&P
– Competencies
• Antibiotic stewardship
– Laboratory, pharmacy and ID specialist roles
Strategies for Success
• Standardized prevention practices
• Standardize products
• Prevention practice component
documentation built into EMR
• Feedback to staff on the front line
My 5 moments for
HAND HYGIENE
Environmental Services as Driver for
HAI Reduction
• Survival of organisms in the environment
• High touch items
– Bedrails, bedside tables, call buttons
• Standardize process
– Room cleaning checklist
– Room cleaning assessment
Case Study – Albany Memorial
Hospitals
Other Topics of Interest
MDROs and Other “Buggers”
• MDROS
–
–
–
–
MRSA
VRE – vancomycin resistant enterococcus
ESBL - extended spectrium beta-lactamase producers
CRE / CRKP – carbapenemase resistant
enterobacteriaceae
– Acinetobacter baumanii
• Clostridium difficile
• GI viruses, e.g., Norovirus
An Outbreak of Hepatitis C Virus
Infections among Outpatients at a
Hematology/Oncology Clinic
Alexandre Macedo de Oliveira, MD, MSc; Kathryn L. White,
RN, BSN; Dennis P. Leschinsky, BS; Brady D. Beecham, BS;
Sara M. Vogt, PhD; Ronald L. Moolenaar, MD, MPH; Joseph
F. Perz, DrPH; and Thomas J. Safranek, MD
Macedo de Oliveira et al., Annals of Internal Medicine, 2005, 142:898-902
Never Event:
Nebraska Hepatitis C Outbreak
• September 2002 – 4 patients recently diagnosed HCV
infection reported to Nebraska Health Department
– All regularly had cancer chemotherapy at one clinic
• Initial investigation identified infection control breach related
to catheter flushing, prompting the notification of over 600
patients
• 99 clinic-acquired HCV infections were identified
– All genotype 3a (uncommon in U.S.)
– Transmission period: March 2000 – July 2001
Never Event:
Nebraska Hepatitis C Outbreak
• Nurse drew blood from indwelling IV catheter,
then reused same syringe to perform saline flush
– New syringe was used for each patient
– Solution from 500cc bag used for multiple patients
• Clinic was independently owned and operated
– No active infection control program
• Breaches never reported to state health
department
• 2004 – Oncologist’s and RN’s licenses revoked
Growing Concern
• CDC and state and local health departments have
investigated an increasing number of outbreaks
– Unsafe injection practices
– Other breaches in basic infection control
– Detection is haphazard
• Outbreaks are occurring across the healthcare
spectrum
– Ambulatory, home and long-term care settings
• Infection control programs and oversight
Montana Pillar - Data For Action
Implementation of NHSN
Patient Safety Component
• Device-associated Module
–
–
–
–
Central line-associated bloodstream infection
Catheter-associated urinary tract infection
Ventilator-associated pneumonia
Dialysis incident
• Procedure-associated Module
– Surgical site infection
– Post-procedure pneumonia
• MDRO/CDAD Module
– Infection vs LabID event reporting
– Prevention Process Measures
National Healthcare Safety Network
(NHSN)
• Voluntary, secure, internet-based surveillance
system for patient and healthcare personnel
safety
– Healthcare-associated infection surveillance
– Multi-drug resistant organisms surveillance
– Healthcare influenza vaccination
• Managed by the CDC Division of Healthcare
Quality Promotion
Healthcare Personnel Safety
Component
• Blood and Body Fluid Exposures and Exposure
Management
– Events only or events + follow-up
• Influenza Vaccination and Exposure Management
– Vaccination
– Surveys
– Post-exposure follow-up
Business Case for NHSN Use
• Standardized surveillance with consistent case
definitions
• Data for state and local comparisons
• Support for training and technical assistance
• Detailed tables of instruction and data
collection forms
IPPS Rule – CMS Reporting
• CLABSI Reporting via NHSN – Jan 2011
– Adult intensive care units
– Pediatric intensive care unit
– Neonatal intensive care unit (Level II/III and Level
III)
• SSI Reporting via NHSN – Jan 2012
– CABG, hip/knee prosthesis, colon surgery, vascular
NHSN Progress in Montana
• May 2010
– Only 5 facilities participating at some level
• December 2010
– 14 facilities participating!!
• 11 IPPS
• 3 CAH
CAH Issues
• Outcomes vs process measurement
• Standardize practices known to prevent HAIs
• Standardize to surveillance definitions
And let it be noted that there is no more delicate
matter to take in hand, nor more dangerous to
conduct, nor more doubtful in its success, than to set
up as a leader in the introduction of changes. For he
who innovates will have for his enemies all those who
are well off under the existing order of things, and
only lukewarm supporters in those who might be
better off under the new.
- Niccolo Machiavelli, the Prince (1513)
Out of the Danger Zone
TMIT / safetyleaders.com
http://www.safetyleaders.org/discovery/dangerZone.jsp
http://haiprevention.hhs.mt.gov
Bonnie Barnard, MPH, CIC
HAI Prevention Initiative
MT DPHHS
406.444.0274
[email protected]
http://haiprevention.hhs.mt.gov