Transcript CHAPTER 17 POLITICS IN THE GILDED AGE

HOLT
The American Nation
Chapter 17
POLITICS IN THE GILDED AGE
Section 1: Political Machines
Section 2: Restoring Honest Government
Section 3: The Populist Movement
1
HOLT, RINEHART
AND
WINSTON
HOLT
The American Nation
Section 1: Political Machines
Objectives:
 How did political machines emerge in U.S. cities?
 Why were immigrants important to political
machines?
 How did corruption and illegal activities develop
in many political machines?
 What events led to the collapse of public support
for the Tweed Ring?
2
HOLT, RINEHART
AND
WINSTON
HOLT
The American Nation
1. Political Machines (1 of 4)
2. Political machines
3. Political machines controlled votes by offering
jobs, political favors, and services to loyal
supporters.
3
HOLT, RINEHART
AND
WINSTON
HOLT
SECTION 1
The
American
Nation
Political Machines
Why
Immigrants Were
Important to Machines
• represented a huge
supply of supporters
and voters
• tended to be
particularly loyal to
machines
Ways in
Which Machines
Recruited and Rewarded
Immigrants
• welcomed immigrants
upon arrival
POLITICAL
MACHINES
AND
IMMIGRANTS
• found immigrants
temporary housing and
jobs
• helped immigrants become
naturalized citizens
• helped immigrants with
finances, funerals,and so
on
HOLT, RINEHART
AND
WINSTON
HOLT
The American Nation
Section 1: Political Machines (2 of 4)
2. Importance of immigrants
3. easily accessible—could be welcomed on arrival
3. had many needs for housing, jobs, and services
3. represented a huge supply of supporters and voters
3. tended to be loyal to machines
5
HOLT, RINEHART
AND
WINSTON
HOLT
The American Nation
Section 1: Political Machines (3 of 4)
2. Corruption and illegal activities
3. Machines hired men to “vote early and often.”
3. Bosses took bribes, payoffs, and kickbacks.
6
HOLT, RINEHART
AND
WINSTON
HOLT
The American Nation
Section 1: Political Machines (4 of 4)
2. Collapse of Tweed’s support
3. Thomas Nast’s cartoons revealed Tweed’s
corruption, even to people who couldn’t read very
well.
3. The New York Times published a series of articles
exposing Tweed.
7
HOLT, RINEHART
AND
WINSTON
HOLT
The American Nation
Section 2: Restoring Honest Government
Objectives:
 What scandals plagued the Grant administration?
 Why did Americans want political reform, and
how did this desire affect the Republican Party?
 Why did President Arthur’s positions on civil
service reform change, and how did this affect his
political party?
 How did President Harrison deal with President
Cleveland’s reforms?
8
HOLT, RINEHART
AND
WINSTON
HOLT
The American Nation
1. Restoring Honest Government (1 of 4)
2. Scandals in the Grant administration
3. the gold market scandal
3. the Crédit Mobilier scandal
3. the Whiskey Ring scandal
9
HOLT, RINEHART
AND
WINSTON
HOLT
The American Nation
Section 2: Restoring Honest Government (2 of 4)
2. Desire for reform
3. Americans wanted political reform and honest
officials because corruption had become so
widespread, and this desire split the Republican
Party into the Stalwarts and the Half-Breeds.
10
HOLT, RINEHART
AND
WINSTON
HOLT
The American Nation
Section 2: Restoring Honest Government (3 of 4)
2. President Arthur
3. Arthur began to support reform after the
assassination of President Garfield, and this led to
reform Republicans voting for Cleveland, the
Democratic candidate, in the election of 1884.
11
HOLT, RINEHART
AND
WINSTON
HOLT
The American Nation
Section 2: Restoring Honest Government (4 of 4)
2. Harrison’s response to Cleveland’s reforms
3. returned to political patronage
3. spent money on Republican pet projects
12
HOLT, RINEHART
AND
WINSTON
HOLT
SECTION 2
The
American
Nation
Restoring Honest Government
President Arthur and
Reforms
• supported reform after the assassination of President
Garfield
• helped pass Pendleton Civil Service Act
• split the Republicans
Effect on Republicans
• Stalwarts voted for James Blaine, the Half-Breed
and the Election of 1884
candidate; reform Republicans voted for Grover
Cleveland, the Democratic candidate
President Cleveland’s
Reforms
President Harrison’s
Response
• doubled the number of jobs requiring civil service exams
• promoted reform in general
• returned to political patronage
• spent money on Republican pet projects
HOLT, RINEHART
AND
WINSTON
HOLT
The American Nation
Section 3: The Populist Movement
Objectives:
 What factors led to economic hardships for
farmers?
 What did the farmers’ movements hope to
achieve, and what weakened their efforts?
 Why did farmers support money backed by silver?
 What issues did the Populist Party support?
 How did silver affect the economy and the 1896
presidential election?
14
HOLT, RINEHART
AND
WINSTON
HOLT
The American Nation
1. The Populist Movement
2. Economic hardships for farmers
3. heavy debts
3. high freight and machinery costs
3. falling crop prices
15
HOLT, RINEHART
AND
WINSTON
HOLT
The American Nation
Section 3: The Populist Movement
2. Farmer’s movements
3. hoped to pressure states to regulate freight and
grain-storage rates
3. formed cooperatives
3. offered low-cost insurance
3. lobbied for graduated income tax
3. weakened by government limits on the power of ICC
3. weakened by racial segregation
16
HOLT, RINEHART
AND
WINSTON
HOLT
The American Nation
2. Bread Basket of the World
3. Large areas of good farmland and improved
farming techniques allowed farmers in the United
States to grow a surplus of food.
17
HOLT, RINEHART
AND
WINSTON
HOLT
The American Nation
Section 3: The Populist Movement
2. Money backed by silver
3. Farmers supported money backed by silver
because they wanted to increase the paper money
supply, and as long as only gold was allowed to
back paper, the supply of it was restricted by how
much gold the treasury had.
18
HOLT, RINEHART
AND
WINSTON
HOLT
The American Nation
Section 3: The Populist Movement
2. Populist Party issues
3. graduated income tax
3. bank regulation
3. government ownership of railroad and telegraph
companies
3. free coinage of silver
3. immigration restrictions
3. shorter workday
3. voting reforms
19
HOLT, RINEHART
AND
WINSTON
HOLT
The American Nation
Section 3: The Populist Movement
2. The effects of silver
3. Silver was a central issue in the 1896 presidential
campaign.
3. Populists supported Bryan because of his stand on
silver.
3. William McKinley won the election with the support
of business leaders who opposed free silver.
20
HOLT, RINEHART
AND
WINSTON
HOLT
SECTION 3
The
American
Nation
The Populist Movement
• formed cooperatives
• pressured states to
regulate freight and
grain-storage rates
• offered low-cost
insurance
• lobbied for graduated
income tax
• The government
limited the
power of ICC.
Efforts
to Help
Farmers
FARMER’S
ORGANIZATIONS
Factors
that
Weakened
Efforts
• The existence of
racial segregation
in southern states
prevented a strong
farmers’ coalition.
HOLT, RINEHART
AND
WINSTON
HOLT
CHAPTER 17
The
American
Nation
Chapter Wrap-Up
Can you answer the following?
How were political machines able to
unite immigrant groups to support their
candidates?
Why might many Stalwarts have considered
civil service reform a violation of the
democratic heritage of the United States?
Why did William Jennings Bryan win such
strong support in some parts of the country
but so little in other regions?
HOLT, RINEHART
AND
WINSTON