Transcript 슬라이드 1 - Prof.Nam's classes -2015

1.
Grammar-Translation Method (1890s-1930s)
2.
Cognitive Approach (1940s-1950s):
3.
Audio-Lingüal Method (1950s-1960s):
4.
The Direct Method (1970s):
5.
The Natural/Communicative Approach (1960s-2000s):
6.
Total Physical Response/TPR (1960s-2000s):
7.
The Silent Way (1960s-2000s):
8.
Suggestopedia (1960s-2000s):
9.
Community Language Learning/CLL: (1960s-2000s):
THE GRAMMAR TRANSLATION (1850’s-1950’s)
 “What
is taught is learned”
 Medium
of instruction: mother tongue
 Emphasis
on reading & writing
The Direct Method (Berlitz 1984)
Target language only
oral interaction
spontaneous use of language
no translation
inductive grammar teaching
vocabulary learning through pictures and
objects
The Audiolingual Method (1950’s)
“The Army Method”
structural linguistics (Fries & Bloomfield)
+
behavioral psychology (B.F. Skinner)
(dialogue form/ mimicry & memorization of
set phrases/ inductive grammar teaching
/error-free utterances & pronunciation/very
little use of the mother tongue)
.
Structural-situational language teaching
Pragmatic version of Audiolingualism (UK)
Language presentation and practice was
situationalized
All techniques of ALM + situation (use of
concrete objects, pictures, and relia together
with gestures and actions)
Suggestopedia
Brain power and inner capacities (Lozanov
1979)
Relaxation as a means of retaining new
knowledge and material
To present vocabulary, readings, role-plays
and drama with classical music in the
background and students sitting in
comfortable seats
The Silent Way
It is in learners' best interests to develop
independence and autonomy and cooperate
with each other in solving language
problems. The teacher is supposed to be
silent (Gattegno 1972)
Humanistic Approaches
Community Language Teaching (Charles A. Curran)
psychological counseling techniques to learning
Open interpersonal communication and the role of supportive
community was emphasized
Total Physical Response (James Asher)
Adult second language learning as a parallel process to child first
language acquisition
Communicative Language Teaching (1980’s)
Learners learn a language through using it to communicate
Authentic and meaningful communication should be the goal of
classroom activities
Fluency is an important dimension of communication
Communication involves the integration of different language skills
Learning is a process of creative construction and involves trial and
error