Transcript UTERUS - UMK C.A.R.N.I.V.O.R.E.S. 3 | C-alm, A

UTERUS
1. SH. NURUL HANIM BTE SY. IBRAHIM – D11A033
2. TENGKU HAJAR ASYIQIN BTE T.IBRAHIMD11A036
3. MURSHIDAH BTE MOHD ASRI- D11A020
ANATOMY OF
UTERUS
UTERUS
UTERUS LOCATED
• Inside the pelvis
• Dorsal to the urinary
bladder
• Ventral to rectum
Part of uterus
Body of uterus
• Fundus
• Cavity of uterus
Function
• accept a fertilized
ovum which passes
through the uterotubal junction from
the fallopian tube
Neck of uterus ( cervix uteri)
• External orifice of the uterus
• Canal of the cervix
• Internal orifice of the uterus
Function
• to allow sperm and
menstrual fluid to move
through.
Layer of uterus
Uterus consists of 4
layers :
• Endometrium- innermost
glandular layer
• Myometrium- smooth
muscle located between
the endometrium and
perimetrium.
• Perimetrium-The
peritoneum covering of
the fundus and ventral
and dorsal aspects of the
uterus.
• Parametrium-The loose
connective tissue around
the uterus.
There are four main forms of
uterus in mammals. They are:
Duplex
Bipartite
Bicornuate
Simplex
• Two wholly separate uteri, with one fallopian
tube each which opens into the vagina. Found
in marsupials, rodents, and lagomorphs
Tasmanian devils
opossums
• Absent (or limited) fusion
of the Mullerian ducts
leads to the presence of
two uteri. The urogenital
sinus (US) is connected to
the female reproductive
tract
• In monotremes rather
than nurturing the
embryo, the uterus
secretes the shell around
the egg. It is essentially
identical with the shell
gland of birds and
reptiles, with which the
uterus is homologous.
• Mullerian duct
fusion is physically
blocked by the
presence of the
ureters, which
leads to the
formation of three
vaginae
• The duplex uterus
shown here has a
pair of cervices.
• The two uteri are separate for
most of their length, but share a
single cervix. Found
in ruminants (deer) and cats.
• Mullerian fusion in the uterine
region does not occur, or is
limited, which leads to the
formation of a pair of uterine
horns that can support the
development of many fetuses.
• The upper parts of the
uterus remain separate,
but the lower parts are
fused into a single
structure.
• A larger portion of the
uterus forms the
uterine body.
Prosimian
primate
• The entire uterus is fused into a
single organ. Found in
higher primates.
• some individual females (including
humans) may have a bicornuate
uterus, a uterine
malformation where the two parts
of the uterus fail to fuse completely
during fetal development.
FUNCTION OF
UTERUS
• Essential in sexual response by directing blood
flow to the pelvis and to the external genitalia
• To accept a fertilized ovum which passes
through the utero-tubal junction from
the fallopian tube. It implants into
the endometrium, and derives nourishment
from blood vessels which develop exclusively
for this purpose.
• The embryo attaches to a wall of the uterus,
creates a placenta, and develops into
a fetus (gestates) until childbirth.
HISTOLOGY OF UTERUS
histology of uterus
Uterus has 3 layers:
1. Perimetrium (outer) – tunica serosa
2. Myometrium – tunica muscularis
3. Endometrium – tunica mucosa
perimetrium
• tunica serosa
• It has the composition of loose connective
tissue
• contains a large number of lymphatic vessels
myometrium
• tunica muscularis of the uterus.
• composed of a thick inner circular layer and a
thinner outer longitudinal layer of smooth muscle.
• The region in between the two layers of smooth
muscle contains large blood vessels.
• Stratum vasculare - layer of large blood vessels
located between the inner and outer layers of
smooth muscle of the myometrium.
• In the sow the stratum vasculare is indistinct and
in the cow it may be located in the outer half of
the circular muscle layer.
endometrium
• comprises the tunica mucosa and the tunica submucosa
• tunica mucosa - lamina epithelialis is usually simple columnar except in
the sow and ruminants (pseudostratified columnar)
• The lamina propria - loose connective tissue full of neutrophils and
lymphocytes.
• It blends with the underlying tunica submucosa since there is no lamina
muscularis mucosae in the entire female reproductive tract.
• Uterine glands are simple or branched tubular glands located in the
lamina propria-tunica submucosa.
• Some regions of the endometrium in ruminants are void of glands and are
highly vascular. It is in these regions, called caruncles, that contacts
between the uterus and the extraembryonic membranes are made.
• These glands provide nourishment for the early stages of embryonic
growth, before the placenta is established. Structurally - simple tubular in
late pregnancy - tortuous and coiled in shape.
Key
1. Lumen
2. Endometrium lined by
cuboidal epithelium
3. Lamina propria
4. Endometrial glands
5. Myometrium
6. Serosa
H&E, 40x
Key
1. Lumen
2. Endometrium
3. Endometrial glands
4. Myometrium,
circular section
5. Stratum vasculare
6. Myometrium
FALLOPIAN
TUBES
1.WANNURSYAMIMI BTE WAN ZAHARI- D11BO46
2.HERLINA BINTI MOHD RAPI – D11A010
3.NIK NUR AFINA BTE NIK ALWI –D11A021
Fallopian Tubes (or Oviducts)
• pair of small tubes leading from the ovaries to the horns of
the uterus
• Millions of tiny hair-like cilia line the fimbria and interior of
the fallopian tubes
• Size
- long(5 - 6 inches)
- diameter (0.2-0.6 inches)
• Fertilization occurs in the oviduct.
– The journey through the Fallopian tube takes about 7 days.
– Because the oocyte is fertile for only 24 to 48 hours
• The cilia beat in waves hundreds of times a
second catching the egg at ovulation and
moving it through the tube to the uterine cavity
ANATOMY OF
FALLOPIAN TUBES/
OVIDUCTS
 Fimbrial segment
-faces the ovary
 Infundibular segment
- funnel shaped segment
behind the fimbria
 Ampullary segment
-wide middle segment
 Isthmic segment
- narrow muscular
segment near the uterus
 Interstitial segment
- passes through the
uterine muscle into the
uterine cavity
O
V
I
D
U
C
T
FALLOPIAN TUBE
Reproductive system of mare
Reproductive system of avian
DIFFERENCES OF FALLOPIAN
TUBES/UTERINE TUBES/OVIDUCTS
Animals
cow
ewe
sow
mare
Length
(cm)
25
15-19
15-30
20-30
Roles each parts in fallopian tubes
• The infundibulum catches and channels the released
eggs.
• The ampulla is the site where fertilization occur.
• The endings of the fimbriae extend over the ovary; they
contract close to the ovary’s surface during ovulation in
order to guide the free egg.
• The isthmus connects the ampulla and infundibulum
to the uterus.
GENERAL FUNCTIONS OF
WHAT IS UTERUS?
FALLOPIAN TUBE
1. Provide a place for fertilization between egg and
sperm.
2. Site for transportation of the egg from the ovary.
3. mucous membrane lining the fallopian tube gives off
secretions that help to transport the sperm and the
egg and to keep them alive.
Histology of Fallopian Tube ( tuba
uterina , oviduct)
• The uterine tubes are long flexuous musculomembranous tubes.
• They consist of:
– Infundibulum: an expanded cranial end which is close to the ovary;
– Ampulla : a middle segment
– Isthmus: a caudal narrow part that opens into the ipsilateral horn of the
uterus.
• The epithelium is simple or pseudostratified columnar with secretory and ciliated
cells.
• The lamina propria has longitudinal folds giving it a glandular appearance.
• In some breeds of sheep (blackface and crosses), pigment cells are present.
• The muscularis is mainly a layer of circular smooth muscle, thickening at the
junction with the uterine horn, with an outer layer of longitudinal muscle.
• The serosa is loose vascular connective tissue with prominent blood vessels
Infundibulum , Oviduct of Cow
x12.5
Serosa
Folds
Muscularis
Uterine tube in sheep
Transverse section ; Stain:
Hematoxylin-eosin ; x62.5
Lumen : lined by pseudostratified epithelium
Lamina propria
Muscularis : most part circular smooth
muscle fibres
Serosa : loose vascular connective
tissue with prominent blood vessels
Uterine Tube of Cow
Transverse section ; Stain : Hematoxylin-eosin ; x125
Deep mucosal folds
are cut in transverse
section giving the
appearance of
mucosal glands.
Pseudostratified
columnar with
Ciliated and
nonciliated cells.
Oviduct – Ampulla Tubae Uterinae
Stain : iron hematoxylin-eosin ; magnification : x10
Oviduct
musculature
Mesosalpinx
Oviduct
musculature
Tunica
serosa
artery
Mucosa fold
(plica)
Vein
Oviduct – Isthmus Tubae Uterinae
Stain: alum hematoxylin-eosin ; magnification : x40
Smooth
Musculature
Artery
Subseros
al tissue
Tunica
Serosa
Mucosa
plicae
Smooth
musculature
Oviduct- Uterina part of the oviduct
Stain : hematoxylin-eosin; magnification: x25
Blood vessels
Muscular layers
Myometrium
Myometrium
Oviduct- Ampulla Tubae Uterinae
Semi-thin section; stain: methylene blue-azure II ; magification: x400
Gland cells
Ciliated cells
Blood Vessels
Blood vessels
Lamina propria muscosae
Oviduct – Isthmus Tubae Uterinae
Semi-thin section; stain: methylene blue-azure II ; magification: x400
Ciliated cells
Secretory cells
Lamina propria mucosae
Capillaries
Secretory cells
Oviduct- Ampulla Tubae Uterinae
Scanning electron microscopy; magnification: x4800
Gland cells
Infundibulum
Ampulla
Isthmus
Infundibulum : The MUCOSA is HIGHLY FOLDED and the MUSCULARIS is THIN.
Ampulla : The MUCOSA is HIGLY FOLDED and the MUSCULARIS is relatively THICK.
Isthmus : The mucosa has FEWER FOLDS and the MUSCULARIS is THICKEST.
WHAT IS UTERUS?
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