Transcript Night/Day and Earth Years

Bell Ringer: Darkness at Night Probe
(Title 2 new pages “RRS”)
Six Friends were wondering why the sky was so dark at
night. This is what they said:
 Zane: The clouds come in at night and cover the sun.
 Danya: The Earth spins completely around once a day.
 Jaliyah: The sun moves around the Earth once a day.
 Carlvin: The Earth moves around the Sun once a day.
 Travis: The Sun moves underneath the Earth at night.
 Nolea: The Sun stops shining.
Which friend do you think is right? Explain your
reasoning.
A Day on Study Jams
 3 Quiz Questions
 2 points each
 Model rotation and Revolution
Discussion: As you revolved and rotated
around the sun, our arms represented the
earth’s axis. How would you represent the
tilt of the Earth on its axis? What degree is
it?
Question #1
• If the rotation of the earth slowed down, what
would occur?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Days would be shorter
Days would be longer
Years would be shorter
Years would be longer
Question #2
• If the revolution of the Earth sped up,
what would be the result?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Everyone would be younger in age
Everyone would be older in age
We would not have seasons
Seasons would be longer
Question #3
• What causes seasons?
A. The Earth’s distance from the sun
B. The Earth’s rotation
C. The Earth’s tilt and revolution
D. The Earth’s tilt and rotation on it’s
axis
Think Pair Share
•How are the two
movements in space you
just observed different?
Rotation and Revolution K.I.M
Chart
K (key term)
I (Information)
M (memory cue)
Axis
• An imaginary line
that passes through
Earth’s center and
the North and
South poles.
• Earth’s axis is tilted
at 23.5 degrees
Earth’s Rotation
• Rotation: The
spinning motion of
a planet about its
axis.
• Earth rotates about
its axis.
Stand up and Demo!
Mini Lab: What does Earth’s rotation cause?
• In pairs of 2, one student is the Sun and will hold a
flashlight and shine it at the stomach of the other student
who is Earth…
• The sun (flashlight holder) stands still, while the Earth
ROTATES (spins) in a circle—mimicking the motion of the
Earth on its Axis.
• Now imagine--- the Earth student’s belly button is a person
on Earth.
– When the earth (student) is facing the sun, does the person (belly
button) get light? What do we call this on Earth?
– When the earth (student) is facing away from the sun, would a
person (belly button) get light? What do we call this on Earth?
An Earth Day
• It takes the Earth 24 hours to
rotate once on its axis
• Night and Day are caused because no light
can travel through Earth.
– The side facing the sun experiences day; the side
facing away from the sun experiences night.
Revolution
• Revolution: The
movement of one
object around
another.
• Earth revolves, or
moves, around the
sun (heliocentric
theory!)
Stand up and Demo!
Data:
Hemisphere with direct Hemisphere with light
light
on an angle (Indirect)
Season in Northern
Hemisphere (Spring,
Summer, Autumn,
Winter)
Northern
Southern
Summer
in between
in between
Fall
Southern
Northern
Winter
in between
in between
Spring
An Earth Year
• One Earth Year is
the amount of
time it takes Earth
to revolve around
the sun---365.25
days (or
approximately 365
days).
Tell me
what’s
going on?
Practice!
• Is a ballerina spinning
an example of rotation
or revolution?
Practice
• Is this an example of
rotation or
revolution?
Practice
• Is this an
example of
rotation or
revolution?
Practice
• Does the
merry go
round revolve
or rotate?
Practice
• Is this an
example of
rotation or
revolution?
Practice
• Is this an
example of
rotation or
revolution?
Practice
• Is this an
example of
rotation or
revolution?
Practice
• Is this an
example of
rotation or
revolution?
Practice
• Is this an
example of
rotation or
revolution?
Think Pair Share
1. Around what does Earth rotate?
1. Around what does Earth revolve?
2. If Earth’s rotation slowed, what would happen to
the length of a day on Earth?
3. If Earth revolved around the sun faster, what
would happen to the length of a year on Earth?
Rotation and Revolution Writing Prompt
Paragraph #1: Describe how your life would
change if Earth rotated every 48 hours.
• How long would it be daylight? (24 hours)
How long would it be nighttime? (24 hours)
Paragraph #2: Describe how your life would
change if it took Earth 150 days to orbit or
make a revolution around the sun.
• What would be affected? (age, shorter
seasons)
Bell Ringer: Summer Talk Probe
Six friends were talking about why it is warmer in the summer than in the
winter. This is what they said:
 Justin: It’s because the winter clouds block the heat from the sun.
 Vincent: It’s because the sun gives off more heat in the summer than in
the winter.
 Curi: It’s because the Earth’s tilt changes the angle of sunlight hitting
the Earth.
 Athziri: It’s because Earth orbits closer to the sun in the summer than in
the winter.
 Tadory: It’s because one side of the Earth faces the sun and the other
faces away.
 Aaliyah: It’s because the Northern hemisphere is closer to the sun in the
summer than in the winter.
Which friend do you most agree with? Write an explanation to describe
your thinking and explain your reasoning.
Seasons
Earth’s Seasons
Seasons Light Simulation Demonstration
•
•
•
•
Using a globe, Tilt earth’s axis at 23.5 degrees
Earth’s axis should be pointed to the “north star”
Revolve around the Earth at 4 locations (N, S, E, W)
What is happening to North America in each position?
– Northern hemisphere is pointed towards the sun
• Summer!
– Neither the northern or southern hemispheres are pointed
towards the sun
• Fall!
– Northern hemisphere is pointed away from the sun
• Winter!
– Neither the northern or southern hemispheres are pointed
towards or away from the sun
• Spring!
Seasons K.I.M Chart
K (key Word)
I (Information)
M (Memory Cue)
Hemispheres
• A half of a sphere.
Seasons
• Seasons are caused by the Earth’s tilt on
its axis and its revolution (orbit) around
the Sun
Sunlight Intensity
• Light that hits a surface directly has a
higher light intensity than light that hits a
surface at an angle because light that hits
a surface at an angle is spread out over a
larger area.
– Example: Flashlight/Grid Paper
What about seasons and light
intensity?
• Sunlight hits the hemisphere that is tilted towards the sun
MORE DIRECTLY.
• This is why the hemisphere tilted toward the sun
experiences summer: the sunlight is more direct (less of an
angle) and therefore it has more energy to heat the Earth!
Tilting into the Summer!
• If the axis is tilted towards the Sun, then it is
summer in that part of the world.
N
SUN
S
CFU!
• What season is it in the Southern
Hemisphere?
N
SUN
S
CFU!
• What season is it in the Southern
Hemisphere?
N
SUN
S
The length of days
• Days are longer during the summer because the
hemisphere is titled toward the sun – this hemisphere
receives MORE sunlight.
• Days are shorter during the winter because the hemisphere
is titled away from the sun – this hemisphere receives LESS
sunlight.
Solstice
• Summer & Winter Solstice
– Hemispheres are either receiving direct or
indirect sunlight depending on the position
• Direct: Axis is pointing towards sun
• Indirect: Axis is pointed away from the sun
Summer Solstice
• First day in N.
hemisphere is June 21
• Longest Day of the
Year
• Direct Sunlight
• Sun is highest in sky
• North Pole=24 hours
of Light
Winter Solstice
• First day in N.
hemisphere is
December 22
• Shortest Day of Year
• Indirect Sunlight
• Sun is lowest in sky
• North Pole= 24 hours
of darkness
Equinox
• Vernal (Spring) & Autumnal (Fall)
Equinox
–When the tilt of the Earth's axis is neither
towards or away from the Sun.
–Sunlight strikes places the same distance
north and south of the equator at the same
intensity
Autumnal Equinox
• Fall
• First day in N.
Hemisphere is
September 22.
• Equal Amount of
Day/Night and
sunlight in hemispheres
Vernal Equinox
• Spring
• First day of spring in
the N. Hemisphere
is March 21.
• Equal Amount of
Day/Night and
sunlight in
hemispheres
Months of Each Season
Seasons Writing Prompt
• Paragraph #3: Describe how your life
would change if the Earth was not
tilted at 23.5 degrees.
–What would change???
Paragraph #1: Describe how your life would change if
Earth rotated every 48 hours.
Paragraph #2: Describe how your life would change if
it took Earth 150 days to orbit or make a revolution
around the sun.
Seasons Bell Ringer: Decide if statements are
true or false. If false, correct to make true.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
The Earth’s Rotation causes day and night.
Seasons are caused by the distance from the
sun.
When it is winter in the Southern
hemisphere, it is summer in the Northern
hemisphere
When the Sun is high in the sky, sunlight
strikes the ground at slanted angles.
The Sun is higher in the sky in Summer than
in the Spring because of Earth’s tilt, causing
more direct sunlight to hit the earth.
Season’s Stations
Station #1: Computer
• Brainpop: Seasons
– Fill in the blank using the
word bank
• Explore: SunTreck
Animation
– Go to the website listed
on your paper and
answer the questions in
each section
– Teacher demonstration
Station #2: Lab
• Earthmalllow Lab
– CAREFULLY read the
directions on your lab
worksheet
– When you have finished
the lab, answer the
“Earthmallow Lab
Summary Questions”
Bell Ringer
• Draw diagram below and label each season
Word Sort
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Spinning
Tilt of the earth
Causes Coriolis Effect
Causes seasons along with tilt
Orbit
Axis
365.25 days
24 hours
About 3 months
Intensity of Light
Directions:
Categorize each
phrase to the
left as “Rotation,
Revolution, or
Seasons”
Seasons Review and Quiz:
• What Causes Seasons?
• How do seasons change in terms of latitude?