Transcript Classification of Living Organisms

Catalyst #2: September
th
26 , 2013
• Read the handout and answer the following
questions on your Catalyst paper.
• 1. According to the Celestial Emporium of
Benevolent Knowledge, how many categories
could all living things be placed into?
• 2. Would the CEBK be useful to scientists from
different countries? Why or why not?
Agenda
• Catalyst: 10 minutes
• Classification Notes: 15 minutes
• Soci Sheets: Remaining
• Homework: Honors Project, September 30th
Announcements
• Office hours today
• Mastery slips
• Lab report due
Unit 3.2 Guiding
Questions
• How do scientists organize and classify
organisms?
• How can scientists determine how closely
organisms are related?
• How can scientists classify and identify an
unknown organism?
Objectives
• SPI 3210.5.6 Infer relatedness among different
organisms using modern classification systems
• SWBAT explain Linnaeus’ system of
classification and identify the main criterion he
used to classify organisms.
• SWBAT describe the six-kingdom system of
classification.
• SWBAT describe the criterion and features of
the major kingdoms of organisms
Human Relatedness
• http://genetics.thetech.org/onlineexhibits/genes-common
• So if humans share 36% of their DNA with fruit
flies, does that mean we are the same species
as fruit flies?
Review: Species
+
Species: a group of organisms that can
breed and produce fertile offspring with
one another
Key Point 1: What is
Classification?
• Classification is the arrangement of
organisms into orderly groups based on
their similarities
Carolus Linnaeus
(1707-1778)
Invented the field of
systematics and binomial
.
nomenclature
(Classification)
KEY TERM:
TAXONOMY
is the study of the
classification of all
living things
WHY CLASSIFY?
•Sets up an organized
system so scientists can
communicate.
•Shows evolutionary
linkages between
organisms.
Key Point 2: What Are the
Levels of Classification?
• There are many groups that living
organisms fit into.
• Scientists split these groups into 7 levels:
Kingdoms
Phylum
Classes
Orders
Families
Genus
Species
Key Term:
BINOMIAL
NOMENCLATURE
the system used to
identify all organisms
using a two part Latin
name
Keys to Binomial
Nomenclature
Felis domesticus
•Must be in Latin
•Must be in italics or underlined
•Genus (1st word) must be capitalized
•Species must be lowercase
Examples of Common
Scientific Names
•Canis familiaris - dog
•Felis domesticus - cat
•Canis lupus - wolf
•Vulpes vulpes - fox
•Populus deltoides - cottonwood
How to Remember All of
Those in Order: Mnemonic
King
Phillip
Came
Over
For
Grape
Soda
There are estimated to
be 5-10 million species
in this world.
We have scientifically
identified 1.5 million of
them.
Here is an Example of the
Levels of Classification
This is the
animal’s
scientific
name!
CFU #1
CFU #2
Soci Sheets
• Work with a partner.
• You may use your notes
• When you finish, bring your work to me at the
front.
• I will ask each partner a question covering
today’s lesson. The first five partners to answer
correctly, earn 15 Dojo points
Catalyst: September
2013
• ALA
th
28 ,
Agenda
• Catalyst: 8 minutes
• Shoe Dichotomous Key Activity: 10 minutes
• Dichotomous Keys: 15 minutes
• Dichotomous Keys Partner Practice: Remaining
• Homework: Honors Projects DUE MONDAY
Announcements
• Mastery slips due TODAY
Unit 3 Guiding Questions
• How do scientists organize and classify
organisms?
• How can scientists determine how closely
organisms are related?
• How can scientists classify and identify an
unknown organism?
Objectives
• SPI 3210.5.6 Infer relatedness among different
organisms using modern classification systems
• SWBAT define phylogenic tree and explain
what information a phylogenetic tree shows.
•
• SWBAT define a dichotomous key.
• SWBAT analyze a dichotomous tree.
Dichotomous Shoe Activity
Objectives
•Create a dichotomous key for
the classification of shoes
•Use the dichotomous key to
classify an unknown shoe
Procedures
• Take off your right shoe and throw it into the
middle of the circle.
• 1. Divide the shoes into two different groups
based on similar characteristics.
• 2. Continue dividing the shoes based on similar
characteristic.
• 3. You will be finished when all of the shoes
are individually grouped.
Analysis
• What characteristics did
we use to sort the shoes?
• How could future
archaeologists use our
system of classification to
identify an unknown
(shoe) artifact?
Dichotomous Keys
• Tools used to classify
organisms
• Series of choices that
lead the user to the
correct identification of
an organism.
Pratice with
Dichotomous Keys:
Regular Bio
• Class copy: Alien Dichotomous Keys
• Identify the aliens on your notes using the DK.
Always start with number 1!
Then, answer the exit ticket questions on a
separate sheet of paper.
Pratice with
Dichotomous Keys:
Honors Bio
• Class copy: Fish Dichotomous Key
• Identify the fish on your notes using the DK.
Always start with number 1!
Then, answer the exit ticket questions on a
separate sheet of paper.
Exit Ticket
• What language are organisms’ scientific names written
in?
• What is a special key that helps scientist identify an
unknown organism?
• Name a mnemonic device that you can use to
remember the different taxonomy groups.
• What is one reason why scientists classify organisms?
• Humans are Homo sapiens. What is our genus? What is
our species?