Transcript 20010 Heart and Stroke Stats

Heart Disease and Stroke
Statistics — 2010 Update
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Deaths in Thousands
550
500
450
400
350
79
80
85
90
95
Years
Males
Females
00
06
Per 100,000 Population
200
150
130.0
101.5
100
57.0
41.1
50
41.1 39.0
22.9
31.6
0
Coronary Heart
Disease
Stroke
White Females
Lung Cancer
Breast Cancer
Black Females
Age-adjusted death rates for CHD, stroke, lung and breast for
white and black females (United States: 2006).
Source: NCHS.
Deaths in Thousands
1,000
800
600
400
200
0
00
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
00 06
Years
Deaths from diseases of the heart (United States: 1900–2006)
Note: See Glossary for an explanation of “Diseases of the Heart.”
Source: NCHS.
Deaths in Thousands
1200
1000
800
600
400
200
0
00
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
Years
Deaths from cardiovascular disease
(United States: 1900–2006). Source: NCHS and NHLBI.
00
06
Discharges in Millions
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
70
75
80
85
90
95
00
06
Years
Hospital discharges for cardiovascular diseases.
(United States: 1970-2006). Note: Hospital discharges include
people discharged alive, dead and status unknown.
Source: NCHS and NHLBI.
Coronary Heart
Disease
Stroke
14
7
4
HF*
51
7
17
High Blood Pressure
Diseases of the
Arteries
Other
Percentage breakdown of deaths from cardiovascular diseases
(United States: 2006) * - Not a true underlying cause.
Source: NCHS.
Percent of Population
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
84.7
73.6 73.1
78.8
39.6 39.6
14.9
8.7
20-39
40-59
Men
60-79
80+
Women
Prevalence of CVD in adults age 20 and older by age and sex
(NHANES 2003-2006). Source: NCHS and NHLBI.
These data include coronary heart disease, heart failure, stroke and hypertension.
Per 1,000 Person Years
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
74.4
65.2
59.2
40.2
34.6
21.4
10.1
4.2
45-54
20.0
8.9
55-64
65-74
75-84
85-94
Age
Men
Women
Incidence of CVD* by age and sex. (FHS, 1980-2003). Source: NHLBI.
* Includes CHD, HF, stroke or intermittent claudication. Does not include
hypertension alone.
Deaths in Thousands
1,000
831
800
560
600
315
400
242
200
25 21
48 50
165
120 138
81 101
85
0
<45
45-54
55-64
65-74
75-84
Ages
CVD
Cancer
CVD deaths vs. cancer deaths by age.
(United States: 2006). Source: NCHS.
85+
Total
900,000
800,000
700,000
Alzheimer
600,000
CLRD
Deaths 500,000
Cancer
400,000
All Other CVD
300,000
Stroke
200,000
Heart Disease
100,000
0
All Ages
<85
85+
CVD and other major causes of death: both sexes.
(United States: 2006). Source: NCHS and NHLBI.
450,000
400,000
350,000
CLRD
300,000
Deaths
Accidents
250,000
Cancer
200,000
All Other CVD
150,000
Stroke
Heart Disease
100,000
50,000
0
All Ages
<85
85+
CVD and other major causes of death: males
(United States: 2006). Source: NCHS and NHLBI.
500,000
400,000
Alzheimer
CLRD
Deaths 300,000
Cancer
All Other CVD
200,000
Stroke
100,000
Heart Disease
0
All Ages
<85
85+
CVD and other major causes of death: females
(United States: 2006). Source: NCHS and NHLBI.
500,000
398,563
432,709
Deaths
400,000
290,069
300,000
269,819
200,000
78,941 59,260
100,000
65,323
36,006
42,658
51,281
0
A
B
C
D
E
Males
A CVD (I00-I99; Q20-Q28)
B Cancer
C Accidents
A
B
D
F
C
Females
D Chronic Lower Respiratory Diseases
E Diabetes Mellitus
F Alzheimer’s Disease
CVD and other major causes of death for all males and
females (United States: 2006). Source: NCHS and NHLBI.
Percent of Total Deaths
40
35
30
25
33.3
35.3
24.5
20
15
10
5
0
22.0
6.5
A
B
C
5.3
D
2.8
E
Males
A CVD (I00-I99; Q20-28)
B Cancer
C Accidents
A
B
5.8
4.5
3.5
D
F
C
Females
D Chronic Lower Respiratory Diseases
E Diabetes Mellitus
F Alzheimer’s Disease
CVD and other major causes of death for white males and
females (United States: 2006). Source: NCHS and NHLBI.
Percent of Total Deaths
40
35
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
35.9
32.3
21.9
21.6
6.5
A
B
C
5.2
3.9
D
E
Males
5.0
A
B
E
3.2
3.1
F
C
Females
A CVD (I00-I99; Q20-Q28) D Assault (Homicide)
B Cancer
E Diabetes Mellitus
C Accidents
F Nephritis, Nephrotic Syndrome and Nephrosis
CVD and other major causes of death for black males
and females. (United States: 2006).
Source: NCHS and NHLBI.
Percent of Total Deaths
40.0
35.0
30.0
25.0
20.0
15.0
31.5
27.0
21.7
18.7
12.3
10.0
5.0
0.0
A
B
C
4.2
4.0
D
E
Males
A CVD (I00-I99)
B Cancer
C Accidents
A
B
5.4
5.0
D
C
2.7
F
Females
D Diabetes Mellitus
E Assault (Homicide)
F CLRD
CVD and other major causes of death for Hispanic or Latino males
and females (United States: 2006). Source: NCHS and NHLBI.
Percent of Total Deaths
40
35
30
25
34.8
34.5
27.2
25.5
20
15
10
5
0
5.6
A
B
3.6
3.5
D
E
C
Males
A CVD (I00-I99)
B Cancer
C Accidents
A
B
3.8
3.8
3.0
C
E
F
Females
D Chronic Lower Respiratory Diseases
E Diabetes Mellitus
F Influenza and Pneumonia
CVD and other major causes of death for Asian or Pacific
Islander males and females (United States: 2006).
Source: NCHS and NHLBI.
Percent of Total Deaths
40
35
30
25
25.8
24.4
19.2
20
16.0
15.5
15
8.1
10
4.7
4.3
D
E
5
7.0
4.3
0
A
B
C
Males
A CVD (I00-I99)
B Cancer
C Accidents
A
B
C
D
F
Females
D Diabetes Mellitus
E Chronic Liver Disease and Cirrhosis
F Chronic Lower Respiratory Diseases
CVD and other major causes of death for American Indian or
Alaska Native males and females (United States: 2006).
Source: NCHS and NHLBI.
Cardiovascular 390-459
6.2
Obstetrical V27
4.1
Digestive System 520-579
3.5
Respiratory System 460-519
3.5
External: Injuries, etc. 800-999
3.0
Mental 290-319
2.4
Genitourinary System 580-629
2.0
Musculoskeletal System 710-739
2.0
Endocrine System 240-279
1.7
Neoplasms 140-239
1.6
0.0
1.0
2.0
3.0
4.0
5.0
6.0
7.0
Hospital Discharges (in millions) for the 10 Leading diagnostic
Groups (United States: 2006). Source: NHDS/NCHS and NHLBI.
Estimated 10-Year Rate%
35
30+
30
24.8
25
21.6
20
15
10
5
Men
15.9
Women
11.2
7.9
7.3
4.5
0
A
B
Age
HDL Cholesterol, mg/dL
Total Cholesterol (mg/dL)
Systolic BP mm/Hg, no treat.
Smoker
Diabetes
C
D
A
B
C
D
50-54
45-49
160-199
120-129
No
No
50-54
45-49
200-239
130-139
No
No
50-54
35-34
200-239
130-139
No
Yes
50-54
35-34
200-239
130-139
Yes
Yes
mm Hg = millimeters of mercury. mg/dL = milligrams per deciliter of blood
Estimated 10-Year CVD risk in 50 to 54-year-old adults according to levels
of various risk factors (Framingham Heart Study).
Source: D’Agostino et al., Circulation. 2008;117:743-753.
Proportion (%) With Detectable
Calcium
20
18
16
14
12
10
8
6
4
2
0
17.6
11.3
5.2
4.9
Men
Women
White
Black
Prevalence (%) of Coronary Calcium: US Adults
Ages 33-45 Years (CARDIA Study).
Source: Loria et al., JACC. 2007;49(20):2013-20.
Proportion (%) With Detectable
Calcium
80
70
70.4
60
50
59.2
56.5
52.1
44.6
41.9
36.5
40
34.9
30
20
10
0
White
Black
Hispanic
Men
Chinese
Women
Prevalence (%) of Coronary Calcium: US Adults
Ages 45-84 Years (The MESA Study).
Source: Bild et al., Circulation. 2005;111:1313-1320.
Hazard Ratio (HR) Compared
to CAC=0
12
9.7
10
7.1
8
7.7
6.8
6
3.9
4
2
1
3.6
1
0
0
1-100
Major CHD Events
101-300
>300
Any CHD Events
Hazard Ratios for CHD Events Associated With Coronary
Calcium Scores: US Adults Ages 45-84 Years
(Reference Group CAC=0)
Source: Detrano et al., NEJM. 2008;358(13):1336-1345.
Hazard Ratio (HR) Compared to
CAC=0
25
20
19.1
17.6
15
12.5
8.9
10
6.2
4.6
3.2
5
1
1
1
9
7.2
5.3 6.2
3.4
1
0
FRS <10%
CAC 0
FRS 10-15%
CAC 1-100
FRS 16-20%
CAC 101-300
CAC >20%
CAC >300
Hazard Ratios for CHD Events Associated With Coronary
Calcium Scores: US Adults (Reference Group CAC=0 and
Framingham Risk Scores <10%)
Source: Greenland et al., JAMA. 2004;291(2):210-15.
Mean Carotid IMT (mm)
1
0.8
0.89 0.89
0.81
0.65
0.89
0.69 0.67 0.71
0.7 0.71
0.66 0.69
0.6
0.4
0.2
0
Common Carotid
White Women
Carotid Bulb
Black Women
Internal Carotid
White Men
Black Men
Mean Values of Carotid IMT for Different Carotid Artery
Segments in Younger Adults by Race and Sex
(Bogalusa Heart Study)
Source: Urbina et al., Am J Card. 2002;90(9):953-58.
Mean Carotid IMT (mm)
1.13 1.11
1.04
1.2
1
0.87 0.91 0.86 0.83
0.87
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
0
Common Carotid
White
Black
Internal Carotid
Hispanic
Chinese
Mean Values of Carotid IMT for Different Carotid Artery
Segments in Older Adults by Race (MESA Heart Study)
Source: Manolio et al., Atherosclerosis 2008;197(1):132-38.
Estimated 10-Year Rate (%)
40
37
35
Men
Women
30
27
25
25
20
20
13
15
10
8
5
5
5
0
A
B
A
B
C
C
D
D
Blood Pressure (mm Hg)
120/80
140/90
140/90
140/90
Total Cholesterol (mg/dL)
200
240
240
240
HDL Cholesterol (mg/dL)
50
50
40
40
Diabetes
No
No
Yes
Yes
Cigarettes
No
No
No
Yes
mm Hg = millimeters of mercury. mg/dL = milligrams per deciliter of blood
Estimated 10-Year CHD risk in 55-year-old adults according to levels of
various risk factors (Framingham Heart Study).
Source: Wilson et al., Circulation. 1998;97:1837-47.
New and Recurrent MI or
Fatal CHD
350000
300000
290000
265000
235000
250000
180000
200000
150000
95000
100000
50000
30000
95000
10000
0
35-44
45-64
65-74
75+
Ages
Men
Women
Annual number of U.S. Adults having diagnosed heart attack by
age and sex (ARIC: 1987-2004 and CHS: 1989-2004).
Source: NHLBI. Includes MI and fatal CHD but not silent MI’s.
Percent of Population
36.7
40
35
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
25.1
22.7
16.6
7.0 7.0
0.7 0.7
20-39
40-59
Men
60-79
Women
Prevalence of CHD by age and sex
(NHANES :2003-2006). Source: NCHS and NHLBI.
80+
15.1
16
Prevalence (%)
14
12
10.4
10.4
10
7.6
8
6
5.1
7.9
8.6
6.2
5.6
4.8
3.6
4
2.2
2
0
All
1971-75
Women
1976-1980
1988-1994
Men
1999-2006
Prevalence of low CHD risk, overall and by sex, ages 25-74
(NHANES :1971-2006). Source:Personal communication with NHLBI
6/28/07. “Low risk” is defined as SBP <120 mm Hg and DBP<80 mm Hg;
cholesterol < 200 mg/dL and BMI <25 kg/m2 and currently not smoking
cigarettes and no prior MI or DM.
Per 1,000 Persons
16
14
12
10
8
6
4
2
0
35-44
45-54
55-64
White Men
Black Men
White Women
Black Women
65-74
Annual rate of first heart attack by age, sex and race.
(ARIC Surveillance:1987-2004). Source: NHLBI.
Per 1,000 Person Years
12
10.3
9.2
10
8
5.1 7.2
6.1 6.2
6
4
2
3.0
0.9 1.2
0.3
0.7
2.4
3.5
1.0
4.3
1.8
0
35-44
White Men
45-54
Black Men
55-64
White Women
65-74
Black Women
Incidence of Myocardial Infarction* by Age, Race and Sex.
(ARIC Surveillance: 1987-2004). Source: NHLBI. * MI diagnosed by
expert committee based on review of hospital records.
Per 1,000 Person Years
12
10.5
10.1
10
7.6
8
6
5.6
4.0
5.0
4.2
3.1
4
2
5.3
0.9
0
45-54
55-64
65-74
75-84
85-94
Age
Men
Women
Incidence of Angina Pectoris* by Age and Sex.
(FHS: 1980-2002/2003). Source: NHLBI. * AP uncomplicated
based on physicians interview of patient. Note: Rate for
women age 45-54 considered unreliable.
Discharges in Thousands
1400
1200
1000
800
600
400
200
0
70
75
80
85
90
95
00
06
Years
Males
Females
Hospital discharges for coronary heart disease by sex
(United States: 1970-2006). Source: NHDS/NCHS.
Procedures in Thousands
140
120
100
80
60
40
20
0
79
80
85
90
95
00
05
06
Years
Trends in Carotid Endarterectomy Procedures
(United States: 1979-2006). Source: NHDS/NCHS and NHLBI.
Percent of Population
18
16
14
12
10
8
6
4
2
0
15.4
12.6
7.4 7.5
2.7
0.3 0.6
20-39
1.0
40-59
Men
60-79
80+
Women
Prevalence of stroke by age and sex (NHANES: 2003-2006).
Source: NCHS and NHLBI.
Incidence per 100,000
250
226
219
181
200
156
150
100
50
20 24
42 44
6
7 11 11
0
Ischemic
White '93-94
Intracerebral
hemorrhage
White '99
Subarachnoid
hemorrhage
Black '93-94
Black '99
Annual age-adjusted incidence of first-ever stroke, by race.
Inpatient plus out-of-hospital ascertainment.
(GCNKSS: 1993-94 and 1999). Source: Stroke 2005;36;720-23.
Per 1,000 Persons
35
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
32.1
19.6 20.2
14.7
12.5 12.4
1.1 0.7
2.7 2.2 2.7 1.9
45-54
5.7
4.1
55-64
7.6
7.2
5.6 5.6
65-74
8.4
75-84
12.5
85+
Ages
WM
WF
BM
BF
Annual rate of first cerebral infarction by age, sex and race
(GCNKSS: 1999). Source: Unpublished data GCNKSS.
Note – rates for ages 45-54 for black males and females and for black
males ages 75 and over, are considered unreliable. An estimated
15,000 people have first cerebral infarctions before age 45.
Per 1,000 Persons
35
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
32.1
19.5 20.9
14.7
5.3
3.5 2.9 2.9 2.2 4.9
1.4 1.0
45-54
55-64
7.7 6.6 8.06.6
13.5 13.8
13.6
8.9
65-74
75-84
85+
Ages
WM
WF
BM
BF
Annual rate of all first-ever strokes by age, sex and race
(GCNKSS: 1999).
Source: GCNKSS unpublished data.
Note: rates for ages 45-54 for
black men and women and for black men 75 and over, are
considered unreliable.
Estimated 10-Year Rate (%)
30
27
25
22.4
Men
20
W omen
19.1
14.8
15
8.4
10
5
2.6
5.4
4
2
1.1
6.3
3.5
0
A
Systolic BP*
Diabetes
Cigarettes
Prior Atrial Fib.
Prior CVD
B
A
95-105
No
No
No
No
C
B
130-148
No
No
No
No
D
C
130-148
Yes
No
No
No
D
130-148
Yes
Yes
No
No
E
E
130-148
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
F
F
130-148
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
*Closest ranges for women are: 95-104 and 115-124.
Estimated 10-year stroke risk in 55-year-old adults according
to levels of various risk factors (FHS).
Source: Wolf et al., Stroke.1991;22:312-318.
Percent of Population
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
65.4
70.8
77.3
64.6
53.2 54.1
38.8 38.4
24.4
12.2
16.2
6.6
20-34
35-44
45-54
Men
55-64
65-74
75+
Women
Prevalence of high blood pressure in Adults age 20 and older,
by age and sex (NHANES: 2003-2006). Source: NCHS and
NHLBI.
Percent of Population With
Hypertension
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
77.6 77.8 79.5
68.9
71.8
68.5
67.9
55.7
44.6
44.1 45.1
35.3
Awareness
Total Population
NH Whites
Treatment
NH Blacks
Controlled
Mexican Americans
Extent of awareness, treatment and control of high blood pressure
by race/ethnicity (NHANES : 2003-2006).
Source: NCHS and NHLBI.
Percent of Population
50
40
37.5
38.5
41.4
40.3
41.9
38.2
30.3
30
27.0
25.6
27.8
27.6
26.9 24.8
23.7 25.0
22.9
25.4 26.4
20
10
0
NH White
Men
NH White
Women
NH Black
Men
1988-94
NH Black
Women
1999-02
Mexican
American
Men
Mexican
American
Women
2003-06
Age-adjusted prevalence trends for high blood pressure in Adults age 20
and older by race/ethnicity, sex and survey (NHANES: 1988-94, 1999-02
and 2003-06). Source: NCHS and NHLBI. NH- non-Hispanic.
Percent of Population With
Hypertension
100
78.3 81.5
75.6
80
60
65.6
53.4
46.8 44.6
36.1
40
29.2
20
0
Awareness
Treatment
20-39
40-59
Controlled
60+
Extent of Awareness, Treatment and Control of High Blood
Pressure by Age (NHANES: 2003-2006). Source: NCHS and NHLBI.
90
85.3
80
76.9
Percent of Population
With Hypertension
71.8
76.6
69.9
70.1
68.1
70
57.7
61.8
59.6
57.9
60
50
41.8
40
43.8
41.9 40.0
34.1
30
31.9
25.6
20
10
0
Awareness
Treatment
Controlled
NH White Men
NH White Women
NH Black Men
NH Black Women
Mexican-American Men
Mexican-AmericanWomen
Extent of Awareness, Treatment and Control of High Blood
Pressure by Race/Ethnicity and Sex
(NHANES: 1999-2006). Source: NCHS and NHLBI.
Percent of Population
16
14
12
10
8
6
4
2
0
14.7
12.8
9.1
4.9
0.3 0.2
20-39
1.9 1.4
40-59
Men
60-79
Women
Prevalence of heart failure by age and sex
(NHANES: 2003-2006). Source: NCHS and NHLBI.
80+
Discharges in Thousands
700
600
500
400
300
200
100
0
79
80
85
90
95
00
06
Years
Male
Female
Hospital discharges for heart failure by sex.
(United States: 1979-2006). Source: NHDS/NCHS and NHLBI.
Note: Hospital discharges include people discharged alive, dead and
status unknown.
45
41.9
Per 1,000 Person Years
40
32.7
35
30
25
22.3
20
14.8
15
10
5
9.2
4.7
0
65-74
75-84
85+
Age
Men
Women
Incidence of Heart Failure* by age and sex.
(FHS: 1980-2003). Source: NHLBI.
* HF based on physician review of medical records and strict diagnostic criteria.
Percent of Population
35
30
25
23.8
22.5
18.7
20
14.9
14.6
15
8.4
10
5
0
NH Whites
NH Blacks
Males
Hispanics
Females
Prevalence of students in grades 9-12 reporting current cigarette
smoking by race/ethnicity and sex. (YRBS:2007). Source: MMWR.
2008;57:SS04. NH – non-Hispanic.
Percent of Population
40
36.7
36.0
35
30
25
20
23.1
24.8
18.0
19.8
15.9
15.8
15
8.3
10
4.0
5
0
Men
NH White
Hispanic
NH American Indian/Alaska Native
Women
NH Black
NH Asian
Prevalence of current smoking for Adults age 18 and older
by race/ethnicity and sex (NHIS:2007).
Source: MMWR. 2008;57:1221-26. NH – non-Hispanic.
Mean Total Blood Cholesterol
180
175
170
165
160
155
150
145
140
135
172
171
174
170
168
165
166
166
163 163
163
164
163
161161
161
161
160
157
155 156
158
158
151
W hite
Males
Black
Males
1976-80
W hite
Black
Females Females
1988-94
1999-02
Mex.
Am.
Males
2003-04
Mex.
Am.
Females
2005-06
Trends in mean total serum cholesterol among adolescents ages 12-17 by
race, sex, and survey (NHANES: 1976-80, 1988-94, 1999-02, 2003-04,
and 2005-06).
Source: NCHS and NHLBI.
Mean Serum Total Cholesterol
210
206
205
200
204
205
204
202
202
199
201
202
199
197
195
191
190
185
180
NH White
1988-94
NH Black
1999-02
2003-04
Mexican American
2005-06
Trends in mean total serum cholesterol among adults
age 20 and older, by race/ethnicity and survey
(NHANES : 1988-94, 1999-02, 2003-04 and 2005-06).
Source: NCHS and NHLBI. NH – non-Hispanic.
Percent of Population
60
50
49.7
47.9
47.7
42.1
40
49.9 52.1
44.8
50.0
48.0
42.1 41.4
35.6
30
20
10
0
NH White
Males
NH White
Females
NH Black
Males
NH Black
Females
2003-04
2005-06
MA Males
MA
Females
Trends in the prevalence of total serum cholesterol (200+mg/dL)
in adults age 20 and older, by sex, race/ethnicity and
survey. (NHANES: 2003-04 and 2005-06)
Source: NCHS and NHLBI. NH – non-Hispanic. MA – Mexican Am.
Percent of Population
50
45
46.1
41.3
38.6
40
35
27.9
30
25
21.0
21.9
20
15
10
5
0
Male
NH White
Female
NH Black
Hispanic
Prevalence of students in grades 9-12 who met currently recommended levels
of physical activity during the past 7 days by race/ ethnicity and sex
(YRBS: 2007). Source: MMWR. 2008;57:No. SS-4. NH – non-Hispanic.
Note: “Currently recommended levels” is defined as activity that increased their
heart rate and made them breathe hard some of the time for a total of at least 60
minutes/day on 5 or more of the 7 days preceding the survey.
Percent of Population
60
50
50.6 46.0 52.3
49.6
45.3
40.3 31.4
40
42.0
36.1
41.9
36.3
40.5
43.1 41.2
45.7 46.6
30
20
10
0
NH White
NH Black
Men '01
Women '01
Hispanic
Men '05
Other race
Women '05
Prevalence of regular leisure-time physical activity among
adults age 18 and older by race/ethnicity, and sex.
(BRFSS: 2001 and 2005). Source: MMWR, 2007;56:No. 46.
NH – non-Hispanic.
45
42.1
40
Percent of Population
35.2
35
28.2
30
25
20
21.8
18.8
16.7
15
10
5
0
Male
NH White
Female
NH Black
Hispanic
Prevalence of students in grades 9-12 who did not meet
currently recommended MVPA during the past 7 days by
race/ethnicity, and sex. (YRBS: 2007). Source: MMWR 2008;57
(No.SS-4). NH – non-Hispanic.
Percent of Population
60
48.9
50
40
34.7
30
20
11.9
10.0
10
3.4
5.4
0
Male
Female
6-11
12-15
16-19
Prevalence of children ages 6-19 who attained sufficient MVPA
to meet public health recommendations of >60 minutes/day on
>5 of 7 days by sex and age. (NHANES: 2003-04). Source: MSSE
2008;40:181-8.
Percent of Population
24
21.4
20
15.7
16.6
17.9
18.3
16
12.8
12
8
4
0
Males
NH Whites
Females
NH Blacks
Hispanics
Prevalence of overweight among students in grades 9-12 by
race/ethnicity and sex (YRBS: 2007). Source: MMWR. 2008 57:
No. SS-4. BMI 95th percentile or higher by age and sex of the CDC 2000
growth chart. NH – non-Hispanic.
Percent of Population
40
35.2
33.1
30
26.0
20.6
20
10.7
12.2
15.7
12.8
16.8
17.1
10
0
Men
1960-62
Women
1971-75
1976-80
1988-94
2003-06
Age-adjusted prevalence of obesity in Adults ages 20-74 by sex
and survey. (NHES, 1960-62; NHANES, 1971-74, 1976-80, 198894 and 2003-2006). Source: Health, United States, 2008. NCHS.
Note: Obesity is defined as a BMI of 30.0 or higher.
20
Percent of Population
17.6
17.0
18
16
14
11.3
12
10.5
10
8
6.5
5.0
6
4
2
0
6-11
12-19
1976-80
1988-94
2003-06
Trends in prevalence of overweight among U.S. children and
adolescents by age and survey. (NHANES, 1976-80,
1988-94 and 2003-2006). Source: Health, United States, 2008. NCHS.
Percent of Population
14
13.0
12.8
13.1
11.8
12
10
8
6.4
6.4
6
4
2
0
Men
NH Whites
Women
NH Blacks
Mexican Americans
Prevalence of physician-diagnosed diabetes in Adults age 20 and
older by race/ethnicity and sex
(NHANES: 2003-2006). Source: NCHS and NHLBI. NH – non-Hispanic.
Percent of Population
18
16
14
12
10
8
6
4
2
0
13.4
15.3
13.0
12.8
11.0
9.2
9.6
6.2 5.8
NH Whites
NH Blacks
Less than high school
High school
Mexican Americans
More than high school
Prevalence of Physician Diagnosed Type 2 diabetes in Adults
age 20+ by Race/Ethnicity, and Years of Education (NHANES: 20032006). Source: NCHS and NHLBI. NH – non-Hispanic.
Percent of Population
10
7.6
8
6
5.4
7.8
5.4
3.6
3.4
4
2.5
1.6
2
0
Physician
Diagnosed 198894
Undiagnosed
1988-94
Male
Physician
Diagnosed 200306
Undiagnosed
2003-06
Female
Trends in diabetes prevalence in adults age 20+ by Sex
(NHANES: 1988-94 and 2003-2006). Undiagnosed 03-06 for females
considered unreliable. Source: NCHS and NHLBI. NH – non-Hispanic.
12.3
26.7
25.0
36.0
Treated and
Controled
Treated and
Uncontroled
Not Treated, but
Aware
Not Treated and
Undiagnosed
Diabetes Awareness, Treatment and Control
(NHANES: 2003-2006). Source: NHLBI.
23%
36%
2%
3%
51%
1%
62%
4%
5%
2%
2%
4%
1977
Eating and drinking places
Retail stores, direct selling
Schools and colleges
Foods at Home
2007
2%
3%
Hotels and motels
Recreational places
All other foods away from home
Figure 16-3. Total U.S. Food Expenditures Away from Home and At Home,
1977 and 2007. Source: United States Department of Agriculture Economic
Research Service
Soda/cola
Alcohol
Whole-fat milk
Coffee
Sweetened fruit drinks
100% Fruit juice
Low-fat milk
Tea
143
per capita calories per day
140
128
119
120
99
100
99
81
80
69
57
60
40
41
35
26
20
20
4040
36
35
38
39
25
13
6
14
10
14
1
11
9
9
3 1
1
1
0
1965
1977
1988
2002
Figure 16-2. Per Capita Calories Consumed from Different Beverages by
U.S. Adults (age 19 and older), 1965-2002.
Source: Nationwide Food Consumption Surveys (1965, 1977-78) and
NHANES (1988-94, 1999-02); Duffey & Popkin, Obesity (Silver Spring) 2007
Fat
Carbohydrate
Protein
Calories
50.6
48.2
50
2500
45.4
percent energy
40
36.9
2000
36.1
33.8
33.4
30
1500
20.7
18.4
20
18.5
15.6
10
1000
total kcal per day
42.4
500
0
0
1971-1974
2001-2004
Men
1971-1974
2001-2004
Women
Figure 16-1. Age-Adjusted Trends in Macronutrients and Total Calories Consumed
by U.S. Adults (20-74 years), 1971-2004.
Source: National Center for Health Statistics. Health, United States 2008, With Special Focus on
Young Adults. NCHS; 2009
2,363
2,500
Number of Transplants
2,107
2,199
2,163
00
08
2,000
1,500
1,000
719
500
22
57
75
80
0
85
90
95
Years
Trends in Heart Transplants (UNOS: 1975-2008).
Source: United Network for Organ Sharing (UNOS), scientific
registry data.
Procedures in Thousands
1400
1200
1000
800
600
400
200
0
79
80
85
90
95
00
06
Years
Catheterizations
PCI
Pacemakers
Bypass
Carotid Endarterectomy
Trends in Cardiovascular Operations and Procedures
(United States: 1979-2006). Source: NCHS and NHLBI.
Note: In-hospital procedures only.
7.1
Obstetrical 72-75
6.5
Cardiovascular 35-39
Digestive System 42-54
5.6
4.2
Musculoskeletal 76-84
2
Female Genital Organs 65-71
1.6
Integumentary System 85-86
Respiratory System 30-34
1.2
Nervous System 01-05
1.2
1
Urinary System 55-59
Hemic and Lymphatic 40-41
0.4
0
2
4
6
8
Millions
Number of Surgical Procedures in the 10 Leading Diagnostic
Groups (United States: 2006). Source: NHDS/NCHS and NHLBI.
Cardiovascular 390-459
324.1
225.2
Digestive System 520-579
Mental 290-319
177.7
175.4
Nervous System 320-389
Injury and Poisoning 800-999
172.9
159.1
Respiratory System 460-519
Musculoskeletal system 710-739
126.1
102.7
Neoplasms 140-239
Genitourinary System 580-629
93.8
87.4
Endocrine System 240-279
0.0
50.0
100.0
150.0
200.0
250.0
300.0
Direct Costs of the 10 Leading Diagnostic Groups
(Billions of dollars) (United States: 2010). Source: NHLBI.
350.0
Billions of Dollars
200
177.1
160
120
73.7
80
76.6
39.2
40
0
Coronary Heart
Disease
Stroke
Hypertensive
Disease
Heart Failure
Estimated direct and indirect costs (in billions of dollars) of
major cardiovascular diseases and stroke
(United States: 2010). Source: NHLBI.