Transcript Processes that Shape the Earth

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Processes that Shape the Earth
Joniqua & Jorge
Benchmarks
SC.D.1.2.2
SC.D.1.2.3
•Student knows
that 75% of the
Earth’s surface is
covered by water
•Student knows
that the water
cycle is
influenced by
temperature,
pressure, and
topography
Water Bowl
Challenge
Grade Level Expectations
•Students should know
that 75 % of the surface
(75% of the Earth’s Surface is covered in water)
of the Earth is covered
by water.
•The students should
understands the
different stages of the
water cycle (for
example, evaporation,
condensation,
precipitation).
How Much Do You Know About Water?
What are the 3 properties of water and
at what temperatures can they form?
States of water
0ºC
100ºC
SOLID
GAS
LIQUID
HUMIDITY
ICE
RAIN
Where does 97% of the water exist in the
world?
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
F.
Oceans
Ice caps & glaciers
Lakes, swamps, & rivers
Ground water
Plants, soil, & trees
Humans
Ans:
• Oceans – are saline “salty” water
sources that are not potable
(drinkable) for human consumption
Remaining 3% is potable
• Ice caps & glaciers = 68.7% (potable)
• Lakes, swamps, & rivers = 87%, 11%, 2%
(potable)
• Ground water = 30.1% (potable)
FACT: Earth’s Oceans
•
Oceans cover about 70% of the Earth's surface.
•
Saline sources of water therefore they are not
potable (drinkable)
4 basic movements:
1. Wave- Up and down movement of ocean water
2. Tide – Ocean daily change of water level
3. Storm Surge - large waves that occur during
hurricanes.
4. Tsunami – giants waves cause by Earthquakes
or Volcanic Eruption
Why are the Oceans Movements Important?
ANS: Ocean Movements Shape the Coast
–Shore – Area where the ocean and
coastland meet and interact.
–Tide Pool – forms along a rocky shore line.
–Headland – is a rocky point at the shore.
–Jetty – is a man made wall structure of
rocks.
What benefits does the ocean provide to us?
A.
Food (Fish, Crabs, Algae, Shells, etc..)
B.
Minerals (Salt, Calcium, Copper, Iron, etc…)
C.
Energy
D.
All of the above
How long can a person go without
water?
A.
B.
C.
D.
3 days
2 days
2 weeks
1 day
Human Body and Water
Brain is 74%
water
Blood is
83% water
Bone is 22%
water
Muscles are 75%
water
Water Cycle
Water Cycle Vocabulary
Water Conservation
Water cycle
•A constant recycling process of the water.
Key Terms
Condensation
Evaporation
Precipitation
Accumulation
(aquifer, lake, ocean, river)
Percolation
Transpiration
Water Cycle
http://gwec.gsfc.nasa.gov/images/watergraphic_low.jpg
Water Cycle Vocabulary
•Evaporation - liquid water becoming a gas
•Condensation - water vapor that becomes a
liquid
•Precipitation - water that falls back down to the
Earth as rain, snow or hail.
•Transpiration – sweat from plants
•Percolation – water moving downward through
openings in the soil
•Surface runoff -water that flows due to a
change of ground elevation example ( hill or
mountain).
•Aquifer – natural underground water storage
tank
Water Technology Facility
Waste Water Treatment Process
www.city.toronto.on.ca/water/wastewater_treatment/process.htm
Coagulation
Monitor pH during chemical
coagulation addition.
Stop adding coagulant if pH drops
below 6.0.
• The chemicals added react
with
• Organic compounds
(“essential nutrients
that cause many
things to grow”)
• Metals
• Suspended particles
• That are found in water to
form tiny sticky particles
called "floc”.
Rapid Mixing
Rapid mixing is extended for short
period of time from 5 to 15 minutes
• First, the water arrives from
a lake, river, or well and is
pumped into rapid mixing
tanks.
• These tanks rapidly mix the
chemicals added into the
water during coagulation.
• **High mixing will break
apart the “flocs” and the
yucky stuff that we were try
to remove from the water
will remain **
Sedimentation
• A big portion of the
impurities are removed
and the clear water moves
to filtration.
• The “floc” gets heavier
and settles to the bottom
of the tank.
• Flocs are pumped out of
the bottom of the tank and
sent to the belt press
Filtration
• The water passes through
filters, some made of
layers of
• Sand
• gravel
• Charcoal
• that helps to remove the
rest of the impurities.
Disinfection
• Most of the nutrients, metals,
and other solids are removed
from water:
– chlorine , ozone (only drinking
water), or chloramines is added
as a disinfectant.
– Another alternative is Ultraviolent radiation (known as UV)
• The disinfectants kill
Chlorine addition is designed to be in the
water long enough to continue to kill “bad”
microorganisms until water reaches the first
client.
• bacteria
• Viruses
DBP’s – disinfectant
byproducts which become
harmful to humans.
• This ensures that the discharge
water is safe.
Where did all of the solid floating
stuff go?
It’s thickened using a polymer
or chemical addition during the
coagulation/flocculation
process and pumped out of the
sedimentation tank
a. This helps to make it easier
to form a solid sheet of
slurry
2. Sent to the belt press to be dewatered
3. Becomes “bio-solids” and is
used as fertilizers by farmers,
sod companies, landscapers,
and other people
1.
All of Austin’s Sewage Sludge – 1 million gallons per
day
99% water
Urban Soil Restoration Tool - Compost
Zilker Park Soccer Field – Dillo Dirt test
Activities
Cycle
Puzzle
Human
body and
Water
Applets
/other
Workbook
Activities
Model Aquifer
Water Cycle
Boogie
Global Warming
Movie
"THE WATER CYCLE BOOGIE"
Evaporation,
Condensation,
Precipitation,
Saturation, Percolation, and Store.
And the water cycle boogie goes 'round
and round,
And the water cycle boogie goes up and
down.
REPEAT twice [or your choice]
References
•www.cool-fuel.com
•Harcourt Science, 4th grade “The Chameleon cover", Harcourt School
Publisher, Unit D pp.30-50.
•http://www.enchantedlearning.com/subjects/ocean/
•Harcourt Science, 5th grade “The Frog cover", Harcourt School Publisher,
Unit C pp.90-120.
•Water matching:
www.epa.gov/safewater/kids/flash/flash_matching.html
•Water puzzle: www.epa.gov/waterscience/standards/crossword.pdf
•Water cycle: www.marietta.edu/ ~biol/102/ecosystem.html
•http://web.visionlearning.com/custom/chemistry/animations/CHE1.1-anthreestates.shtml