Transcript Slide 1

GROUND WATER
SCENARIO WITH SPECIAL
REFERENCE TO
RAJASTHAN
P.K. PARCHURE
REGIONAL DIRECTOR
CENTRAL GROUND WATER BOARD
WESTERN REGION, JAIPUR
Significance of ground water
resources
• Play vital role in sustaining the livelihoods
• Act as primary buffer against drought
• Play pivotal role in ensuring the food
security at all levels
• Play important role in meeting the water
requirements of agriculture, industrial and
domestic sectors in India
Consumption of ground water
resources in India
In India ground water meets
• >85 percent of India’s rural domestic water
requirements
• 50 percent of its urban water requirements
• >50 percent of its irrigation requirements
As per the United Nations World Water Development
Report (2012) brought out by UNESCO, India is the
largest user of ground water in the world.
Availability and withdrawal of
ground water resources in India
Ground water resources reassessed as on 2009
• Total annually replenishable resource : 431 bcm
• Net annual ground water availability: 396 bcm
• Annual ground water withdrawal : 243 bcm
• Stage of ground water development : 61%
Categorization of assessment units
• Total No. of assessed units : 5842
• No. of over-exploited units: 802
• No. of critical units: 169
• No. of semi-critical assessment units: 523
Rajasthan state – An overview
• State:
Largest state , >128 Countries
• Area:
3,42,239 sq km. , 10.4% of country
• Population:
5,64,73122 , 5.5% of country
• Most arid and drought prone state
• Limited water resources 1.15% of the country
• Surface water resources very meager
• Ground water resources highly depleted
• > 50% of fluoride affected villages of the country
• G.W. saline to highly saline in most western districts
• Rapid Industrial growth - Urbanization
Rainfall
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Ranges from < 150 to
>
1500 mm
Annual average: about 1100
mm
Gradually decreases from SE
towards NW
Highly variable, irregular and
erratic
Frequent droughts
Consecutive drought spells of
2 to 3 years common
Major
Aquifer
Systems
Rajasthan – Declining trend of
ground water levels
Rajasthan – Quality of ground
water
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Saline in major part of western Rajasthan -- Potable ground water is
found in areas covered by sandstone and limestone of Marwar Super
group, Lathi formations in Jaisalmer and Fresh in the eastern part except
in a few pockets of Bharatpur district where the ground water is brackish
to saline. It is saline in Barmer district, in Tertiaries in parts of Bikaner,
Nagaur, Churu, Barmer and Jaisalmer districts and localized pockets in
Quaternaries
High fluoride in pockets in almost all the districts with varying intensity
High nitrate and other constituents beyond permissible limits of drinking
and irrigation also exists in some districts
Increased use of fertilizers, poor sewerage system in urban agglomerates
and industrial pollution have further caused deterioration in the quality
of ground water
Rajasthan- Ground water availability
vis-à-vis withdrawal
As per ground water resource assessment
carried out jointly by CGWB and State GWD
as on 2009
• Annually replenishable resource: 11.86 bcm
• Net annual availability : 10.79 bcm
• Annual ground water withdrawal: 14.52 bcm
• Stage of ground water withdrawal: 135%
Rajasthan- Ground water
management challenges
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Declining water level - Depleting ground water resources
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Deteriorating ground water quality
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Increasing demands of ground water to meet increased water
demands for various purposes
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Growing urbanization leading to growing water demands as
well as reduction in natural recharge
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Water logging in canal command areas
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Industrial and Mining pollution
Regulation of ground water development
Central Ground Water Authority
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Constituted under Section 3(3) of Environment (Protection) Act of 1986 vide
Ministry of Environment & Forests’ notification dated 14.1.1997 and reconstituted
under MOEF notification dated 6.11.2000.
Circulated list of Over-exploited, critical and semi-critical assessment units to
the State Pollution Control Boards, BIS and Ministry of Environment & Forests evaluates proposals for new industries/ projects falling in these areas based on
site specific technical studies and issues NOC for withdrawal of ground water.
Notified 82 areas in the country for regulation of ground water development and
management wherein installation of new ground water abstraction structures is
not permitted without prior specific approval of the Authority/ Authorized officer.
Issued directions to all the Residential Group Housing Societies/
Institutions/Schools/ Hotels/ Industrial Establishments falling in over-exploited
and critical areas (except in the water logged areas) in the country to adopt Roof
Top Rain Water harvesting systems in their premises.
Regulation of ground water development
…. Contd.
Central Ground Water Authority
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Issued to all concerned for implementation of ground water recharge measures
along all National Highways, State Highways and other major roads, along rail
tracks by Indian Railways, in the Stadia and in Airports for Promoting Rain
Water Harvesting/ adoption of artificial Recharge to Ground Water in the
country (except in water logged areas)
Issued directions to Chief Secretaries in 12 States and Administrations in 2 Union
Territories having Over-exploited blocks to take necessary measures to
promote/adopt artificial recharge to ground water/ rain water harvesting
Directed large and medium Industries using ground water in the over exploited
and critical areas in the country (except in the water logged areas) to take up
water conservation measures including recharge of ground water/rain water
harvesting and adopt practices of treatment, recycle and reuse of waste water in
their premises
Issued directions to Chief Secretaries/ Administrators of all the States/ Union
Territories and Ministry of Urban Development to take necessary action to
adopt rain water harvesting/ artificial recharge on all the Government buildings
Regulation of ground water development ….
Contd.
Model Bill to regulate and control development of ground water – Salient
features
• Setting up of Ground Water Authority
• Authority vested with powers to
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Notify areas for regulation and control of ground water development
and management
Identify areas worthy of artificial recharge, issue necessary
guidelines for rain water harvesting and artificial recharge and give
appropriate directions to concerned departments
May issue directives in urban areas falling in notified areas for
construction of appropriate rain water harvesting structures in all
residential, industrial and other premises having an area of 100
sq.m. or more
Regulation of ground water development ….
Contd.
Model Bill to regulate and control development of ground water –
Status of enactment
• Enacted: Andhra Pradesh, Assam, Bihar, Chandigarh, Dadra &
Nagar Haveli, Goa, Himachal Pradesh, Jammu & Kashmir,
Karnataka, Kerala, Lakshadweep, Puducherry, Tamilnadu and West
Bengal
• Initiated action: Maharashtra, Gujarat, Haryana, Mizoram, Orissa,
Rajasthan, Delhi, Jharkhand, Meghalaya, Madhya Pradesh,
Uttarakhand, Andaman & Nicobar Islands, Chhattisgarh and
Punjab
• Feel it not necessary: Nagaland, Sikkim, Tripura, Manipur,
Arunachal Pradesh
• Rajasthan – When??
Regulation of ground water development
…. Contd.
Areas notified by Central Ground Water Authority in Rajasthan
S.No
1.
2.
3.
4.
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7.
8.
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11.
District
No of Blocks
Notified
Ajmer
1
Alwar
1
Barmer
1
Churu
1
Jalore
5
Jaipur
7
Jhunjhunu
6
Jodhpur
4
Karauli
1
Nagaur
2
Sikar
2
Total
31
National Water Policy – Provisions
with regard to ground water
Existing Policy (2002)
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Periodical reassessment of ground water potential on a scientific basis
taking into consideration the quality of water available and economic
viability of its extraction
Regulation of exploitation of ground water resources so as to retain it
within recharging possibilities and also to ensure social equity
Effective prevention of over-exploitation by central and state
governments
Development and implementation of ground water recharge projects
Conjunctive use of surface and ground water should form an integral
part of project implementation
Over-exploitation of ground water should be avoided especially near the
coast to prevent ingress of sea water into sweet water aquifers
National Water Policy – Provisions
with regard to ground water
Draft Revised Policy (2012)
Objective : To take cognizance of the existing situation, to
propose framework for the system of laws and institutions
and for a plan of action with a unified national perspective
Concerns expressed in the present scenario :
• Large parts of the country are water stressed
• Mismanagement of water resources has led to a critical
situation in many parts of the country
• Wide temporal and spatial variation in availability of water
• Climate change may also lead to sea level rise
• Access to safe water for drinking and other domestic needs
still a problem in many areas
• Encroachment of natural water bodies
National Water Policy – Provisions
with regard to ground water ….Contd.
Draft Revised Policy (2012) – concerns expressed in the present scenario
• Inadequate trained personnel for scientific planning
• Widening gap between irrigation potential created and utilized
• Ground water though part of hydrological cycle and a community
resource, is still perceived as an individual property and is exploited
inequitably and without any consideration to its sustainability leading to
its over-exploitation in several areas
• Growing pollution of water sources
• Low public consciousness about the overall scarcity and economic value
of water
• Lack of adequate trained personnel for scientific planning
• Absence of holistic and interdisciplinary approach at water related
problems
• No consultation with stakeholders by public agencies involved in water
related decisions
• Land use and land cover changes affecting availability and quality of
water resources
National Water Policy – Provisions
with regard to ground water ….Contd.
Draft Revised Policy (2012)
• Strengthening of infrastructure in the water rich eastern and northeastern states
• Institutionalization and strengthening of community based water
management
• Enhancing capabilities of communities to adopt climate resilient
technological options
• Adaptation strategies including increasing water storage in various forms
and better water management through adoption of compatible
agricultural strategies, cropping patterns and improved water application
methods and more water efficient industrial processes
• Promoting stakeholder participation in land-soil-water management with
scientific inputs from local scientific and academic institutions
• Periodic assessment of availability of water resources
• Augmenting utilizable water resources through direct use of rain water
and avoidance of inadvertent evapotranspiration
National Water Policy – Provisions
with regard to ground water ….Contd.
Draft Revised Policy (2012)
• Participatory approach in aquifer mapping
• Arresting declining ground water levels in OE areas through economizing
water use, incentivizing efficient water use and encouraging community
based management of aquifers
• Integrated watershed management activities with ground water
perspectives
• Strict regulation of urban settlements, encroachments and any
development activities in the protected upstream areas of reservoirs/
water bodies, key aquifer recharge areas etc.
• Need to ensure that industrial effluents, local cess pools, residual
fertilizers and chemicals etc. don’t reach the ground water
National Project on Aquifer Mapping
and Management
• CGWB has prepared hydrogeological maps on 1: 250,000 scale
• National Programme for Preparation of Aquifer Maps being envisaged.
• In first phase (12th & 13th Five Year Plan) it is proposed to cover priority
areas (OE, Critical, Coastal, pollution prone areas) on 1:50,000 scale and
selected high priority area on 1:10,000 scale
• It is proposed to take up this activity with participation of State
Governments , NGOs and local community
• These maps would lead to Aquifer Management programme with
participation of local community (NGOs, PRIs, Water User groups, etc).
• The information generated would also be available to the administrators,
planners and members of public
Thank You