Transcript Slide 1
The Diversity of Life I. A Brief History of Life II. Classifying Life III. The Prokaryote Domains: Bacteria and Archaea IV. The Domain Eukarya D. Plants: 1. Green algal ancestors The Diversity of Life I. A Brief History of Life II. Classifying Life III. The Prokaryote Domains: Bacteria and Archaea IV. The Domain Eukarya D. Plants: 1. Green algal ancestors Alternation of generation IV. The Domain Eukarya D. Plants: 1. Green algal ancestors 2. Colonization of Land: Environmental Differences Aquatic Habitats Terrestrial Water available Desiccating Sunlight absorbed Sunlight available Nutrients at Depth Nutrients available Buoyant Less Supportive Low oxygen High O2 CO2 diffuses slowly CO2 diffuses quickly IV. The Domain Eukarya D. Plants: 1. Green algal ancestors 2. Colonization of Land: Environmental Differences Light and oxygen are available at the surface; algae limited by lack of nutrients Nutrients (released by decomposition) are available at depth IV. The Domain Eukarya D. Plants: 1. Green algal ancestors 2. Colonization of Land: Environmental Differences Nutrient inputs from the landscape (fertilizer runoff) cause algal blooms and dead zones in marine environments. Light and oxygen are available at the surface; algae limited by lack of nutrients Nutrients (released by decomposition) are available at depth IV. The Domain Eukarya D. Plants: 1. Green algal ancestors 2. Colonization of Land: Environmental Differences Water in soil nutrients in soil Terrestrial environments provide photosynthetic organisms with more light, oxygen, and nutrients, but it is DESICCATING IV. The Domain Eukarya D. Plants: 1. Green algal ancestors 2. Colonization of Land: Environmental Differences 3. Plant Evolution – Adapting to Land IV. The Domain Eukarya D. Plants: 1. Green algal ancestors 2. Colonization of Land: Environmental Differences 3. Plant Evolution – Adapting to Land 4. “Non-tracheophytes” a. Groups i. Liverworts ii. Hornworts iii. Mosses http://taggart.glg.msu.edu/bot335/bryo.htm http://www.biologyjunction.com/plant_taxonomy_bi.htm http://www.bio.miami.edu/dana/226/226F08_14print.html IV. The Domain Eukarya D. Plants: 1. Green algal ancestors 2. Colonization of Land: Environmental Differences 3. Plant Evolution – Adapting to Land 4. “Non-tracheophytes” a. Groups b. Characteristics - lack vascular tissues (xylem and phloem) - inefficient water transport - short - lack true organs (defined by the presence of vascular tissue) - some have a very thin waxy cuticle - some have stomates XYLEM http://bugs.bio.usyd.edu.au/lea rning/resources/plant_form_fu nction/plant_form/vascular_gr ound_tissues.html http://www.brynmawr.edu/biology/franklin/Bio103Key.htm IV. The Domain Eukarya D. Plants: 4. “Non-tracheophytes” a. Groups b. Characteristics - release flagellated sperm directly into the environment - have a dominant gametophyte generation, and a short-lived, ephemeral sporophyte http://www.eplantscience.com/index_files/alteration_of_generation.php http://lima.osu.edu/biology/archive/bryophyt.html IV. The Domain Eukarya D. Plants: 4. “Non-tracheophytes” a. Groups b. Characteristics - release flagellated sperm directly into the environment - have a dominant gametophyte generation, and a short-lived, ephemeral sporophyte http://ux.brookdalecc.edu/fac/biology/lab/102/lab22.html IV. The Domain Eukarya D. Plants: 4. “Non-tracheophytes” a. Groups b. Characteristics c. History Liverwort spores from Argentina, 470 mya Rubinstein, et. al. 2010. Early Middle Ordovician evidence for land plants in Argentina (eastern Gondwana). New Phytologist 188: 365-369 http://hudsonvalleygeologist.blogspot.com/2010/10/oldest-landplants.html http://mediatheek.thinkquest.nl/~ll125/en/life-3.htm IV. The Domain Eukarya D. Plants: 4. “Non-tracheophytes” 5. Tracheophytes a. Characteristics Vascular tissue: http://manravbioeducation.blogspot.com/2007/08/transport-ofmaterials-in-plants.html Xylem: water up Phloem: sugars down IV. The Domain Eukarya D. Plants: 4. “Non-tracheophytes” 5. Tracheophytes a. Characteristics Dominant Sporophyte http://www.plantbiology.siu.edu/plb304/lecture07pterid/ferns.html IV. The Domain Eukarya D. Plants: 4. “Non-tracheophytes” 5. Tracheophytes b. Groups i. Lycopodiophytes: (one vein per leaf ) ii. Euphyllophytes: (multiple veins per leaf) http://www.doctortee.com/dsu/tiftickjian/bio101/lvps.html IV. The Domain Eukarya D. Plants: 4. Non-tracheophytes 5. Tracheophytes b. Groups i. Lycopodiophytes Barangwanathia – 420 mya http://www.geol.umd.edu/~tholtz/G102/102mpal2.htm Lepidodendron was a canopy species (100 ft tall, 3ft in diameter) in the Carboniferous Period (360-300 mya); ferns and other Lycophytes were in the understory. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Meyers_b15_s0272b.jpg IV. The Domain Eukarya Selaginella, a “Spikemoss” D. Plants: 4. Non-tracheophytes 5. Tracheophytes b. Groups i. Lycopodiophytes Lycopodium, a “Clubmoss” http://mygarden.uphero.com/ferns06.htm Isoetes, a “quillwort” http://ashscience7.wikispaces.com/Plant+Classification IV. The Domain Eukarya D. Plants: 4. Non-tracheophytes 5. Tracheophytes b. Groups i. Lycopodiophytes IV. The Domain Eukarya D. Plants: 4. Non-tracheophytes 5. Tracheophytes b. Groups i. Lycopodiophytes http://mediatheek.thinkquest.nl/~ll125/en/life-3.htm http://universe-review.ca/R10-23-plants.htm