Transcript No Slide Title

Which environmental problem affects large areas
in both the Amazon Basin and central Africa?
1.
2.
3.
4.
deforestation
nuclear waste
acid rain
air pollution
1
In the 1980’s, the governments of both Brazil and Malaysia
supported the cutting of timber in their rain forests
as a means of
1.
2.
3.
4.
achieving economic prosperity
increasing the national debt
controlling rebellions of indigenous peoples
preventing exploitation by imperialist nations
2
Which of the following demonstrates
“desertification”?
1. Malaysians chopping down trees in the rainforest.
2. Knights in shining armor
headed towards Jerusalem.
3. Winds coming off the Sahara
devouring valuable Egyptian farmland
4. An earthquake occurring off the coast of Japan
generating a tidal wave
3
The results of the destruction of the rain forests of Brazil
and the effects of acid rain on the forests
of North America and Europe demonstrate that
1. the nations of the world have been successful
in protecting the environment
2. problems in one region of the world can adversely affect
the environment of another region
3. each nation must act alone to solve
its environmental problems
4. natural resources are scarce throughout the world
4
Which ENVIRONMENTAL problem affects
large areas in both the Amazon Basin
and central Africa?
1. deforestation
2. nuclear waste
3. acid rain
4. air pollution
5
In the 1980’s, the governments of both Brazil and Malaysia
supported the cutting of timber in their rain forests
as a means of
1. achieving economic prosperity
2. increasing the national debt
3. controlling rebellions of indigenous peoples
4. preventing exploitation by imperialist nations
The process is known as deliberate “deforestation”
Trees are cut for $$$ … making furniture … building houses
6
Which of the following demonstrates
“desertification”?
1. Malaysians chopping down trees in the rainforest.
2. Knights in shining armor
headed towards Jerusalem.
3.Winds coming off the Sahara
devouring valuable
Egyptian farmland
4. An earthquake occurring off the coast of Japan
generating a tidal wave
Desertification = desert sands expanding … covering land
7
The results of the destruction of the rain forests of Brazil
and the effects of acid rain on the forests
of North America and Europe demonstrate that
1. the nations of the world have been successful
in protecting the environment
2. problems in one region of the world
can adversely affect
the environment of another region
3. each nation must act alone to solve
its environmental problems
4. natural resources are scarce throughout the world
8
Age of
Exploration
• Caused by:
* Search for “Water Route” (Spices)
* Gold * Glory * God
• Technological improvements
- Maps, Compass,
• $ CAPITAL $ to fund Expeditions
• Crusades help lead to Imperialism
9
10
11
Pre-Columbian Civilizations
• OLMECS: Mexico
- 1200 BCE
- ceremonial temples & writing
• MAYAS in Mexico and Guatemala:
- temples, palaces, math, calendar,
writing system
12
Pre-Columbian Civilizations
• Aztecs in Mexico
- warriors
- cities, palaces, writing, empire
• Incas in Andes Mountains
… Peru
- built cities, irrigation systems
- empire connected by trails
- record keeping system
13
PRE - COLUMBIAN
14
Pre-Columbian Civilizations
• Results:
- Cultural diffusion
+ Columbian Exchange
- gold & silver
- disease
- Food (corn, tomatoes, tobacco)
• Transatlantic Slave Trade
… Middle Passage / Triangular Trade
• Colonialism
- rigid CLASS System
15
16
17
Which two groups had the most influence
on Colonial Latin America?
1.
2.
3.
4.
Holland and Protestantism
Spain and the Roman Catholic Church
Italy and Oceanography
Germany and the Holocaust
18
40. In the traditional Hindu caste system
and in the social hierarchy of colonial Latin America,
the status of a person was usually determined by
(1) education
(3) birth
(2) wealth
(4) power
19
Which statement describes an impact
that the Columbian Exchange had on the lives of Europeans?
(1) The transfer of new products and ideas
encouraged economic growth.
(2) New diseases were brought to Europe
and resulted in massive deaths caused by a plague.
(3) Native Americans immigrated to Europe
and competed with Europeans for jobs.
(4) Cross-cultural contacts
between South America and Asia declined.
20
Which two groups had the most influence
on Colonial Latin
America?
1. Holland and Protestantism
2. Spain and the Roman Catholic Church
3. Italy and Oceanography
4. Germany and the Holocaust
. . . The Crusades . . .
. . . Imperialism . . .
. . . . . . Mercantilism . . .
21
40. In the traditional Hindu caste system
and in the social hierarchy of colonial Latin America,
the status of a person was usually determined by
(1) education
(2) wealth
(3) birth
(4) power
Social hierarchy = structure … how things are arranged
… the pecking order
22
Which statement describes an impact
Columbian Exchange
that the
had on the lives of Europeans?
(1)The transfer of new products
and ideas
encouraged economic growth.
(2) New diseases were brought to Europe
and resulted in massive deaths caused by a plague.
(3) Native Americans immigrated to Europe
and competed with Europeans for jobs.
(4) Cross-cultural contacts
between South America and Asia declined.
23
Latin America:
INDEPENDENCE
• INDEPENDENCE
movements 1810 - - - >
- Simon Bolivar … “Gran Colombia”
- Jose de San Martin
- Miguel Hidalgo
- Touissaint L’Ouverture
• From independence to the middle of
the 20th Century
POWER held by military landowners
24
25
Which of these situations
was the direct result of the other three?
1. Nations of Latin America won independence.
2. Revolutions occurred
in North America and France.
3. The Napoleonic wars weakened Spain's power.
4. Creoles and mestizos
became discontented with Spanish rule.
26
Touissant L'Ouverture, Father Miguel Hidalgo,
Jose de San Martin, and Simon Bolivar helped to bring about
1.
2.
3.
4.
a decline in the power of the military
independence for Latin American nations
the use of technology in manufacturing
the defeat of native people by the Europeans
27
Which of these situations
was the direct result
of the other three?
1. Nations of Latin America won independence.
2. Revolutions occurred
in North America and France.
3. The Napoleonic wars weakened Spain's power.
4. Creoles and mestizos
became discontented with Spanish rule.
28
Touissant L'Ouverture, Father Miguel Hidalgo,
Jose de San Martin, and Simon Bolivar helped to bring about
1. a decline in the power of the military
2. independence
for Latin American nations
3. the use of technology in manufacturing
4. the defeat of native people by the Europeans
29
Simon Bolivar’s idea of “Gran Colombia” was
1. to turn South America into a confederation of states
similar to that found in the United States.
2. to make the nation of Colombia reach the same height
of civilization has had the Incas centuries ago.
3. name a Spanish colony
for the world renowned explorer Christopher Columbus.
4. into a major sea-going nation.
30
Which of these situations
was the direct result of the other three?
1.
2.
3.
4.
Nations of Latin America won independence.
The Napoleonic wars weakened Spain's power.
Revolutions occurred in North America and France.
Creoles and mestizos
became discontented with Spanish rule.
31
For the majority of people in Latin America
... the wars fought against the Spanish for freedom
in the early 1800s
1. made them extremely wealthy
2. made them dependent on the Dutch instead of the Spanish
3. did not change their everyday lives,
nor improve their standard of living
4. prepared them for immediate democratic rule
32
During the early 1800s, Miguel Hidalgo and Simon Bolivar,
leaders of Latin American independence movements,
were inspired by
1.
2.
3.
4.
the American & French Revolutions of the 1700s
Ancient Egypt & Ancient China
Russian & Chinese Revolutions of the 1900s
the empires of Ghana, Mali, and Songhai
33
Simon Bolivar’s idea of “Gran Colombia”
was
1. to turn South America
into a confederation of states
similar to that found
in the United States.
2. to make the nation of Colombia reach the same height
of civilization has had the Incas centuries ago.
3. name a Spanish colony
for the world renowned explorer Christopher Columbus.
4. into a major sea-going nation.
34
Which of these situations
was the direct result
of
the other three?
1. Nations of Latin America
won independence.
2. The Napoleonic wars weakened Spain's power.
3. Revolutions occurred in North America and France.
4. Creoles and mestizos
became discontented with Spanish rule.
35
For the majority of people in Latin America
... the wars fought against the Spanish for freedom
in the early 1800s
1. made them extremely wealthy
2. made them dependent on the Dutch instead of the Spanish
3. did not change their everyday lives,
nor improve their standard of living
4. prepared them for immediate democratic rule
36
During the early 1800s, Miguel Hidalgo and Simon Bolivar,
leaders of Latin American independence movements,
were inspired by
1. the American & French Revolutions
of the 1700s
2. Ancient Egypt & Ancient China
3. Russian & Chinese Revolutions of the 1900s
4. the empires of Ghana, Mali, and Songhai
The people underlined are all “nationalistic” leaders
… They fought for independence from Spain:
Father Miguel Hidalgo … for Mexico
Simon Bolivar … for South America .. Originally from Venezuela
37
POST World War II:
Latin America
• 1950s .. Cuba .. Fidel Castro leads
Communist Revolution
• 1970s ... Economic trouble .. 1 crop
economies depend on world market prices
• Nicaragua .. 1980s .. Short lived communist
rule
• 1980s .. Move towards democratic
governments .. Many nations
38
39
40
One similarity between
the Russian/Bolshevik Revolution of 1917,
the Chinese Revolution of 1949,
and the Cuban Revolution of 1959
is that they all
1. brought communist governments to power.
2. failed to overthrow existing governments.
3. led to world wars.
4. were fought to free ethnic minorities. 41
The political ideas of Fidel Castro, Ho Chi
Minh, and Pol Pot were strongly influenced by
the writings of
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
Confucius
Napoleon
Otto von Bismarck
Karl Marx
42
“The Andes isolated the Incas
and also defeated the dream of Gran Columbia.”
This statement indicates that
1.
2.
3.
4.
fighting over natural resources undermines nationalism
a common language and religion are important in modern nations
cultural diversity is aided by subsistence agriculture
the natural environment helps to shape political development
43
For many Latin American nations, the reliance on single
cash-crop economies has led to
1. unstable economies as world market prices rise and fall
2. long-term economic progress as exports continue to
increase
3. an increased standard of living for the majority of farmers
4. increased agricultural surpluses as production of food
exceeds demand
44
One similarity between
the Russian/Bolshevik Revolution of 1917,
the Chinese Revolution of 1949,
and the Cuban Revolution of 1959
is that they all
1. brought communist governments to power.
2. failed to overthrow existing governments.
3. led to world wars.
4. were fought to free ethnic minorities.
The revolutions mentioned were led
by Lenin, Mao Zedong & Fidel Castro.
Each won the support of the peasants
by promising LAND REFORM.
45
The political ideas of Fidel Castro, Ho Chi
Minh, and Pol Pot were strongly influenced by
the writings of
(1) Confucius
(2) Napoleon
(3) Otto von Bismarck
(4) Karl Marx
Main concept .. “COMMUNISM” ..
Karl Marx wrote about the “worker’s (proletariat) revolution in “the
Communist Manifesto”
This idea was picked by Lenin & Stalin (USSR) and Mao Zedong
& Deng Xiaoping (Communist China) + the people mentioned
46 in
the question.
“The Andes isolated the Incas
and also defeated the dream of Gran Columbia.”
This statement indicates that
1. fighting over natural resources undermines nationalism
2. a common language and religion are important
in modern nations
3. cultural diversity is aided by subsistence agriculture
4. the natural environment
helps to shape
political development
47
For many Latin American nations, the reliance on single (1)
cash-crop
economies has led to
1. unstable economies as world
market prices rise and fall
2. long-term economic progress as exports continue to
increase
3. an increased standard of living for the majority of farmers
4. increased agricultural surpluses as production of food
exceeds demand
Cash crop = something you grow with the intention of selling it
to earn $$$
… if the price for it on the world market drops
& it’s the only thing you’re growing you’re sunk
48
Fidel Castro
since the Fall of SOVIET COMMUNISM
Fidel is still in power
.. But is Cuba is having
economic difficulty
.. Because it no longer
receives $$$ from
the Soviet Union
49
What is the main idea of this cartoon about Cuba?
1. The people have rebelled against their unpopular
Communist leader.
2. Fidel Castro's strong Communist leadership has assured
the prosperity of the Cubans.
3. Castro is struggling to maintain a Communist state.
4. Castro's regime is being destroyed by the policies of the
50
United States.
What is the main idea of this cartoon about Cuba?
1. The people have rebelled against their unpopular Communist leader.
2. Fidel Castro's strong Communist leadership has assured the prosperity
of the Cubans.
3. Castro is struggling to maintain a
Communist state.
4. Castro's regime is being destroyed by the policies of the United States.
NOTE: Castro & Cuba are NOT the only ones struggling to survive since the
end of Soviet Communism.
- While Castro & Cuba are still communist .. many former communist Eastern
European nations + Russia are still struggling as they change from a command
economy to a capitalist one. Russia is also struggling to change politically
51 from
totalitarianism to democracy
GLOBAL COOPERATION
• Common Market … Europe
. . . EEC - - - > EU
… - Euro ($) - …
• NAFTA … Latin America
52
The major reason the Mexican Government
strongly supported
the North American Free Trade Agreement
(NAFTA) was that this agreement would
1. raise tariffs on United States products
entering Mexico.
2. reduce Mexico’s economic dependence
on Europe.
3. promote investment and economic growth
in Mexico.
4. stimulate trade
between Asia and Latin America.
53
Which idea is illustrated by the fact that:
the United States buys lumber and coffee
from Brazil
and
Brazil buys computers and electronics
from the United States
1.
2.
3.
4.
isolationism
self-sufficiency
imperialism
interdependence
54
Which statement about the European Union (EU) is most
accurate?
1. The European Union dissolved
because of disagreements among its members.
2. The goal of the European Union
is to improve the economic prosperity of Europe.
3. Some nations are now being forced
to become members of the European Union.
4. The European Union has recently expanded
to include North African nations.
55
The major reason the Mexican Government
strongly supported
the North American Free Trade Agreement
(NAFTA) was that this agreement would
1. raise tariffs on United States products
entering Mexico.
2. reduce Mexico’s economic dependence
on Europe.
3. promote investment and economic growth
in Mexico.
4. stimulate trade
between Asia and Latin America.
. . . EU (European Union) . . .
56
Which idea is illustrated by the fact that:
the United States buys lumber and coffee
from Brazil
and
Brazil buys computers and electronics
from the United States
1.
2.
3.
4.
isolationism
self-sufficiency
imperialism
interdependence
57
Which statement about the European
is most accurate?
Union (EU)
1. The European Union dissolved
because of disagreements among its members.
2. The goal of the European Union
is to improve
the economic prosperity of Europe.
3.
4.
Some nations are now being forced
to become members of the European Union.
The European Union has recently expanded
to include North African nations.
EU … EEC … Common Market … NAFTA
= lower tariffs … taxes on imports … make goods cheaper to buy
58
 GLOBAL ISSUES
 Can appear
• in multiple choice questions
• in Essays
–Thematic
–DBQ
59
GLOBAL ISSUES
• Human Rights (Civil Liberties)
• Overpopulation
• Disease
• desertification
• deforestation
60
GLOBAL ISSUES
• Pollution … air, water, & land
• nuclear proliferation (nuclear
weapons)
61
During the late 20th century, in which area did
deforestation become a serious problem?
1.
2.
3.
4.
Great European Plain
Amazon Basin
Deccan Plateau
Great Rift Valley
62
Deforestation, acid rain, and the greenhouse effect
are major world problems that indicate a need for
1. cooperation between nations to reduce pollution
and environmental destruction
2. the development of mass transit systems in
developing nations
3. an increase in the worldwide production of oil
4. a reduction in crop production in some areas of
the world
63
During the late 20th century, in which area did
deforestation become a serious problem?
1. Great European Plain
2. Amazon Basin
3. Deccan Plateau
4. Great Rift Valley
HINT:
… Another term for
“deforestation” = cutting down rainforests
64
Deforestation, acid rain, and the
greenhouse effect are major world problems
that indicate a need for
1. cooperation between nations to reduce
pollution and environmental destruction
2. the development of mass transit systems in developing
nations
3. an increase in the worldwide production of oil
4. a reduction in crop production in some areas of the world
HINT:
… Multiple term question
all relating to “AIR POLLUTION”
65