Transcript THE EXPANDED SPACE-BASED COMPONENT OF THE WORLD …

The
WMO Space Programme
Dr Donald E. Hinsman
Head
WMO Space Programme
World Meteorological Organization
Outline
•
WMO Structure
• Status of the WWW’s space-based sub-system GOS
• WMO Space Programme
• WMO Space Programme Implementation
• Towards an integrated WMO global observing system
WMO and UN - Historical Background
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Aug 1853
Sept 1873
Jun 1945
Feb 1946
Sept 1947
Mar 1950
Dec 1951
First International Meteorological Congress
IMO created as a non-governmental body
Creation of the United Nations
Extraordinary Conference of Directors of NMSs
Conference of Directors adopt WMO Convention
Entry into force of WMO Convention
Specialized Agency of UN
Membership ( September 2004): 187 States and Territories
Purposes of WMO
To promote and foster meteorology, hydrology, and related geophysical
sciences and to facilitate world-wide cooperation for the benefit of
humankind:
• Networks for meteorological / hydrological and other geophysical
observations;
• Standardization of observations and publications;
• Development of operational hydrology;
• Systems for processing and rapid exchange of data;
• Applications for socio-economic development (transportation,
water, agriculture, oceans, pollution control, etc), environment
protection, and policy formation;
• Disaster prevention and mitigation;
• Research and training.
Organizational Structure
 Congress, supreme body, determines the future policy
(meets every 4 years)
 Executive Council, 36 Directors of Meteorological or
Hydrometeorological Services. They act in their
individual capacities (meets annually)
 Regional Associations (6) - Address regional concerns
 Technical Commissions (8) - Technical experts make
recommendations on scientific or technical issues
within the purposes of WMO
 Secretariat with Regional (3) and subregional (4) Offices
WMO Regions
TECHNICAL COMMISSIONS
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Basic Commissions
Commission for Basic System (CBS)
Commission for Instruments and Methods of Observation
(CIMO)
Commission for Hydrology (CHy)
Commission for Atmospheric Sciences (CAS)
Applications Commissions
Commission for Aeronautical Meteorology (CAeM)
Commission for Agricultural Meteorology (CAgM)
Joint Commission for Oceanography and Marine Meteorology
(JCOMM)
Commission for Climatology (CCl)
WMO Programme Structure
Atmospheric
World
Climate
Programme
Research
and
Environment
Programme
Applications
of
Meteorology
Programme
Hydrology
and
Water
Resources
Programme
WMO Space Programme
Natural Disaster Prevention and Mitigation Programme
World
Weather
Watch
Programme
Education
and
Training
Programme
Technical
Cooperation
Programme
Regional
Programme
Outline
• WMO Structure

• Status of the WWW’s space-based sub-system GOS
• WMO Space Programme
• WMO Space Programme Implementation
• Towards an integrated WMO global observing system
On April 1, 1960 the first U.S.
weather satellite was
launched from
Cape Canaveral, FL
Satellites were the genesis
SATELLITES AND THE WWW
UN Resolution No. 1721 for “international
co-operation in the peaceful uses of outer
space” approved 20 December 1961
•Advent of satellites offered
substantial opportunities for
improvements in meteorological
services
•Called on WMO to lead a study and
report on recommendations of the
UN Resolution
Report delivered in June 1962
•“First report on the advancement of
atmospheric sciences and their
application in the light of
developments in outer space”
•Birth of World Weather Watch
On April 1, 1960 the first U.S.
weather satellite was launched from
Cape Canaveral, FL
WWW’s space-based component of the GOS (2000)
FY-1
(China)
850 KM
METEOR
(Russian Federation)
GOES-E
(USA)
Y
AR
N
O
B
OR
IT
135W
GE O
S
TA
TI
75W
GOES-W
(USA)
35 800 Km
SUBSATELLITE
POINT
Po la r
orb
140E
it
FY-2
(China)
METEOSAT
(EUMETSAT)
0 Longitude
GMS
(Japan)
105E
METEOSAT
(EUMETSAT)
GOMS
(Russian Federation)
63 E
TIROS
(USA)
76E
WMO space-based sub-system of the
WWW’s Global Observing System (2004)
Unparalleled
international
cooperation has
been achieved
in satellite
activities*
Status of the WWW’s space-based component
GOS
Standing members
• operational satellite operators
Newest members
• NASA – Aqua, Terra, NPP, TRMM, QuickScat
• JAXA – ADEOS-II, GCOM series
• ESA – ERS 1 and 2, ENVISAT
• FSA –METEOR 3M N1 (R&D inst), OKEAN series
• CNES – Jason-1, SPOT-5
• IMD – INSAT series
• Republic of Korea – COMSAT-1
Possible future members
{JAXA – GOSAT}
Outline
• WMO Structure
• Status of the WWW’s space-based sub-system GOS
•
WMO Space Programme
• WMO Space Programme Implementation
• Towards an integrated WMO global observing system
WMO Space Programme
Fourteenth WMO Congress (May 2003):
• Recognized critical and fast growing importance of data,
products and services provided by WWW’s expanding spacebased component of the GOS to WMO Programmes and
supported Programmes
• Decided to initiate a new major WMO Space Programme as a
cross-cutting programme to increase the effectiveness and
contributions from satellite systems
• CBS lead Technical Commission
International coordination
• CGMS (Coordination Group for Meteorological
Satellites)
• CEOS (Committee on Earth Observation
Satellites)
• IGOS (Integrated Global Observing Strategy)
Partnership
• COPUOS (UNISPACE III)
• GEO and its GEOSS (WWW’s space-based
GOS, a major GEOSS component)
Outline
• WMO Structure
• Status of the WWW’s space-based sub-system GOS
• WMO Space Programme

• WMO Space Programme Implementation
• Towards an integrated WMO global observing system
WMO Space Programme Implementation
• Coordination with space agencies within CGMS and
CEOS
• Organization for new WMO Expert Team on Satellite
Systems
• Development WMO portions 10-Year Implementation
Plan for GEOSS
• Interaction with the WMO Expert Team on Evolution
of the GOS
• Preparation for symposia to identify R&D satellite data
and products for transition to operational satellites
• Continuation & Expansion of Virtual Laboratory for
Education and Training in Satellite Meteorology
Evolution of GOS
• Implementation Plan for Evolution of the GOS
contains 47 recommendations
• 20 address the space-based sub-system of the
GOS (requires WMO Space Programme to
interact with space agencies)
• WMO Space Programme reviewing GEOSS
draft Implementation Plan
IGeoLab
* concept of an International Geostationary Laboratory
(IGeoLab) supported by CGMS in May 04
* goal is international partnering on instrument, S/C, launch, and
test /evaluation of possible future Geo orbit capabilities
* two test proposals have been drafted to demonstrate the
benefits and viability of the concept
(1) demonstration of the GIFTS instrument at
several geographical locations
(2) development and exploitation of a sub-mm
sounding instrument in geo orbit
* IGeoLab Task Team will review proposals (Dec 04) and make
recommendation for consideration at the next Consultative
Meeting on High Level Policy on Satellite Matters (Jan 05).
GIFTS
Geostationary Imaging Fourier Transform Spectrometer
Soundings and winds
with vertical resolution
4-d Digital Camera:
Horizontal: Large area format Focal
Plane detector Arrays
Vertical: Fourier Transform
Spectrometer
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Time: Geostationary
Satellite
GOMAS
Geostationary Observatory for Microwave Atmospheric Sounding
precipitation
measurements
and
all weather sounding
Increased real time access to satellite data
• EUMETSAT ATOVS Retransmission Service (EARS) has
increased ATOVS real time access in Northern Hemisphere
• Access to near real time ATOVS data important for WMO
activities such as implementation planning for the redesign
(evolution) of the GOS and THORPEX
• EARS extremely effective example of ADM
• Need to extend coverage into Southern Hemisphere
• WMO Space Programme to act as catalyst to form local consortia
(regional ATOVS Retransmission Services) similar to EARS
• WMO SG written to CGMS and WMO Members
• IGDDS to link regional ADMs into a global data dissemination
service
New CBS OPAG IOS Expert Team on Satellites
• To provide institutional WMO constituent body support with
appropriate satellite expertise
• CBS OPAG IOS Expert Team on Satellite Utilization and
Products focused on utilization
• New CBS OPAG IOS Expert Team on Satellite Systems will
 Provide the necessary satellite expertise to ensure an
integrated WMO global observing system
 Be Comprised solely of representatives from space agencies
contributing to the space-based component of the GOS
• ET-SAT will detail capabilities of space-based sub-system of
GOS (needed for evaluating how well user requirements in various
application areas are being met)
Observational Data Requirements versus
Capabilities of the Global Observing System
* database of user
requirements and
observing system
capabilities are
updated periodically
* user requirements
are charted against
observing system
capabilities to find
gaps in GOS
Applications Area
Virtual Laboratory for Training in
Satellite Meteorology
• WMO and operators of operational meteorological satellites have
formed the Virtual Laboratory for Training in Satellite Meteorology
• Virtual Laboratory - collaborative effort joining the major satellite
operators across the globe with WMO “Centres of Excellence” in
satellite meteorology
• “Centres of Excellence” serve as the satellite-focused training resource
for WMO Members
- Five WMO Regional Meteorological Training Centres and the
Australian Bureau of Meteorology Training Centre
- Four satellite operators are NOAA/NESDIS, EUMETSAT, China’s
NSMC, and JMA
- Potential for seventh in Oman
Collaboration is the key to success
San Jose
Costa Rica
Narobi
Kenya
EUMETSAT
NESDIS
Virtual
Laboratory
December,
2000
Bridgetown
Barbados
JMA
Melbourne
Australia
Niamey
Niger
NSMC
Nanjing
China
Regional Training Seminar on the Use of Environmental
Satellite Data in Meteorological Applications, RMTC,
Nanjing, China, December 2000
• People's Republic of China (NSMC)
cosponsoring RMTC in Nanjing
• First training event held in Nanjing as a
“specialized Centre of Excellence”
• Train the trainers
• First event held within the concept of the
Virtual Laboratory for Education and
Training in Satellite Meteorology
• Another “first” - seven “observers”
recorded their “first” in seeing snow
Regional Training Seminar on the Use of Environmental
Satellite Data in Meteorological Applications, RMTC,
Nanjing, China, December 2000
•
Most lectures made either through Microsoft Powerpoint presentations or
stand alone versions of the Regional Mesoscale Satellite Image and Display
System (RAMSDIS)
•
First RAMSDIS lessons proved the concept of linking together centres of
expertise by accessing near real-time data from the USA
Asia Pacific Satellite Applications Training Seminar
2002, BMTC, Melbourne, Australia, May 2002
• First training event held since the formation of the Virtual Laboratory (VL) Focus
Group (May 2001) at a meeting hosted by EUMETSAT in Darmstadt, Germany
• VL Focus Group provides
- high quality and up-to-date training resources on current and future
meteorological and other environmental satellite systems, data, products
and applications and
- enables the “Centres of Excellence” to facilitate and foster research and
the development of socio-economic applications at the local level by the
NMHS through the provision of effective training and links to relevant
science groups
Asia Pacific Satellite Applications Training Seminar
2002, BMTC, Melbourne, Australia, May 2002
• Important to APSATS 2002 - WMO EC decision to expand the space-based
component of the GOS to include appropriate R&D satellite missions
• NASA and ESA both have made firm commitments for the participation of their
satellite missions, i.e. Aqua, Terra, NPP, GPM, ENVISAT, etc.
• ESA provided materials relevant to ENVISAT
• NASA provided a guest lecturer, Dr. William Ridgeway, to demonstrate the
capabilities of MODIS
Asia Pacific Satellite Applications Training Seminar
2002, BMTC, Melbourne, Australia, May 2002
• Dr Ray Zehr (NOAA/NESDS/CIRA) provided two 90 minute lectures using
VISITView from the USA (and in the process claimed the record for the most
students in a single VISITView training session)
• Dr Roger Weldon (NOAA/NESDIS) used VISITView to answer questions from
the USA about his material which was delivered to the workshop by Dr Ian Bell
(BMTC).
• VISITView was also used for a live global image discussion between staff at
CIRA, COMET, University of Wisconsin and the APSATS 2002 course using
imagery from all of the geostationary meteorological satellites
THE ROLE OF SATELLITES IN WMO
PROGRAMMES IN THE 2010s
2003, WMO Space Programme Technical Document -1
WMO/TD No. 1177
By
Dr Ghassem Asrar (NASA), Dr Tillmann Mohr
(EUMETSAT) and Mr Greg Withee (NOAA)
Background
• 1977 - last authoritative WMO TD describing role of satellite
in WMO Programmes
• Authored by D.S. Johnson (NOAA) and I.P. Vetlov (USSR)
• Mid 1990’s - implementation recommendations for spacebased component GOS completed
• 2001- EC agrees to expand GOS to include appropriate R&D
missions
• First sesssion CM agreed to update 1977 TD
• Dr Asrar, Dr Mohr and Mr Withee agreed to co-author
• Available on CD ROM, hard copy and WMO Space
Programme web page
Contents
• History and development of the space-based
component of the Global Observing System
• Current capabilities and WMO observational
requirements
• Challenges for the observing systems
• Near-term configuration of the spacebased component of the Global
Observing System (GOS)
Outline
• WMO Structure
• Status of the WWW’s space-based sub-system GOS
• WMO Space Programme
• WMO Space Programme Implementation

• Towards an integrated WMO global observing system
Towards an integrated WMO GOS
• CM-4 recommendation for EC-XLVI (June 2004) consideration
• Space-based sub-system of an integrated WMO global
observing system
• operational meteorological polar orbiting satellites
• operational meteorological geostationary satellites
• environmental Research and Development satellite
constellations
• Three Earth-system domains and two cross-cutting sets of
requirements for atmosphere, ocean, land, climate and natural
disaster reduction
Towards an integrated WMO GOS
(continued)
Three Earth-system domains
Atmosphere meeting the needs of
• operational WWW, aviation meteorology (CAeM) and
agricultural meteorology (CAgM)
• weather research WWRP (CAS)
• atmospheric chemistry, GAW – CAS
Ocean meeting the needs of
• Global Ocean Observing System (GOOS)
• JCOMM
Towards an integrated WMO GOS
(continued)
Three Earth-system domains (continued)
Land surface and fresh water meeting the needs of
• World Hydrological Cycle Observing System (WHyCOS)
• Hydrology and Water Resource Programme (HWR) as
articulated through CHy
• WMO-co-sponsored Global terrestrial Observing System
(GTOS)
• CAgM
Towards an integrated WMO GOS
(continued)
Two cross-cutting sets of requirements
Climate, incremental to, and integrating across, the domain-based
observing systems meeting the needs of
• climate research, (WCRP)
• climate policy, articulated through SBSTA, COP, based on
information from IPCC etc.
• climate monitoring and services, articulated through CCl,
CAgM, CHy
Natural disaster reduction, incremental to, and integrating across,
the domain-based observing systems to support WMO Natural
Disaster Prevention and Mitigation Programme
Exciting times for WMO Members
• Space-based component of the GOS continues to expand
• Provides valuable satellite data, products and services more
so than ever before in the history of the World Weather Watch
• WMO established a new WMO Space Programme
• Efforts towards an integrated WMO global observing system
• WMO Space Programme Implementation Activities
• New CBS OPAG IOS Expert Team on Satellite Systems
• “The Role of Satellites in WMO Programmes in the 2010s”