Transcript Slide 1

The Electronic Geophysical Year (eGY)
and the International Geophysical Year
plus 50 (IGY + 50)
Daniel N. Baker
Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics,
Department of Astrophysical and Planetary Sciences
University of Colorado, Boulder
In
Yearscientists
(1957-1958),
countries
Bythe
theInternational
beginning ofGeophysical
the 21st century,
hadmember
achieved
an unparalleled
established
geophysical
around
the world. of
These
nations
were
ability to acquire
data andobservatories
attained a good
understanding
traditional
regions
pursuing
major IGYthe
objectives
– to collect
data as widely
as of the
– the troposphere,
magnetosphere
andgeophysical
other such “spheres.”
Much
possible
and to provide
freewas
access
to these
for allof
scientists
around the
new and important
science
coming
fromdata
the study
the boundaries
globe.
between these regions and of coupling between geophysical domains. Thus,
international
Geophysical
e-SCIENCE
Episode
STRIKES
II Year
BACK!
there was a need to make data available in a readily accessible form and much
greater quantities to a wider range of scientists than ever before.
Several major international initiatives – such as the International Polar Year, the
International Heliophysical Year, and the International Year of the Planet Earth –
were proposed to commemorate and to follow on from the original IGY…
Electronic Geophysical Year General Meeting—March 13- 14, 2007
The First International Polar Year (1881-1884)
Primary IPY
Stations in the
Arctic:
1. Cap Thordsen
2. Bossekop
3. Sodankylä
4. Maylye
Karmakuly
5. Kara Sea
6. Ssagastyr
7. Point Barrow
8. Fort Rae
9. Fort Conger
10. Kingua Fjord
11. Godthaab
12. Jan Mayen
Auxiliary Stations
The records of the first IPY offer a rare glimpse of the circumpolar
Arctic environment as it existed in the past.
Electronic Geophysical Year General Meeting—March 13- 14, 2007
The Second International Polar Year (1932-1933)
The International Meteorological Organization proposed the Second
IPY . Forty nations participated : It heralded advances in meteorology,
magnetism, atmospheric science, and in the “mapping” of ionospheric
phenomena.
Forty permanent observation
stations were established in the
Arctic. In Antarctica, the U.S.
contribution was the second Byrd
Antarctic expedition.
Electronic Geophysical Year General Meeting—March 13- 14, 2007
International Geophysical Year 1957 – 1958
(Third International Polar Year)
• Allowed scientists to participate in
global observations of geoscientific
phenomena using common
instruments and data processing
• Gathered data on geoscientific
phenomena from around the world
• Established the World Data Center
system
• Educated the public and policy
makers on the value of the
geosciences
Electronic Geophysical Year General Meeting—March 13- 14, 2007
Electronic Geophysical Year General Meeting—March 13- 14, 2007
The Electronic Geophysical Year
IPY
HY
From IGY 1957-58 ….
….. to eGY 2007-08
Electronic Geophysical Year General Meeting—March 13- 14, 2007
International Year of Planet Earth
• The International Year of Planet Earth plans two main
lines of activity: a Science Program and Outreach
Programs.
• The Science Program will be channeled into ten broad,
societally relevant multidisciplinary themes.
• The Outreach Programs set out numerous ways in which
greater attention can be drawn to the relevance to society
of the Earth Sciences.
Electronic Geophysical Year General Meeting—March 13- 14, 2007
Leadership:
Organizational
Elements:
1. Scientists
2. Institutes and
Scientific Orgs
3. Events
4. Observatories
5. Campaigns
Special
Programs:
1.U.N.
Developing
Nations Initiative
2. “IGY Gold”
Historical Initiative
3. Education/ Public
Outreach
1. IHY Secretariat
2. Regional
Organizers
3. National
Organizers
4.WorkingGroups
International Polar Year 2007-2008
ICSU and WMO are co-sponsoring:
An intensive burst of internationally coordinated,
interdisciplinary, scientific research and observations focused on
the Earth’s Polar regions starting in 2007
Electronic Geophysical Year General Meeting—March 13- 14, 2007
IPY Themes
1. Current Status of Polar Regions
2. Change in the Polar Regions
The
Human Linkages
Dimension also runs through the first
3. Global
4. New Frontiersfive themes
5. Polar Regions as Vantage Points
Data Management and Education, Outreach & Communication run
6. The Human
Dimension
through
all six themes
Electronic Geophysical Year General Meeting—March 13- 14, 2007
eGY : Embrace and extend IGY principles
• Exploit evolving e-Science opportunities
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
International cooperation and sharing
Global, cross-disciplinary scope
Free, universal, open access to data
Timely and convenient access to data
Data preservation
Capacity building, especially in developing. countries
Education and public outreach
Data integration and knowledge discovery
Electronic Geophysical Year General Meeting—March 13- 14, 2007
The Electronic Geophysical Year (eGY)
eGY is intended to facilitate, inform, stimulate,
encourage, and promote:
– Modern data access and services (e-Science)
– Establishment of virtual observatories throughout the
geosciences
– Cooperation among international bodies
– Data discovery, release, and preservation
– Capacity building and outreach
Electronic Geophysical Year General Meeting—March 13- 14, 2007
Growth of Internet Connectivity
Electronic Geophysical Year General Meeting—March 13- 14, 2007
Growth of Computing Capabilities
Electronic Geophysical Year General Meeting—March 13- 14, 2007
The e-Science Environment
Electronic Geophysical Year General Meeting—March 13- 14, 2007
The Emergence of the Information Society
Official program for
the World Summit on
the Information Society
(WSIS)
Tunis, 16-18 November 2005
Electronic Geophysical Year General Meeting—March 13- 14, 2007
Effectively Infinite Information
Magnetic (PC and Tape) Media
Magnetic (Server) Media
Film Media
427,000 terabytes/year
1,066,000 terabytes/year
Print Media
240 terabytes/year
627,000 terabytes/year
Optical (CD –DVD) Media
83 terabytes/year
More than 20,000 petabytes of digital information are stored in various
media in our world every year – and the rate is growing exponentially
Electronic Geophysical Year General Meeting—March 13- 14, 2007
OUR GOAL: Transform Information into Wisdom
There is an incredible amount of data being collected and
information being generated.
What will we do with it?
Information
Knowledge
Wisdom
“Before you become too entranced with gorgeous gadgets and mesmerizing video displays,let me remind
you that information is not knowledge, knowledge is not wisdom, and wisdom is not foresight. Each
grows out of the other, and we need them all. "
Arthur C. Clarke
Electronic Geophysical Year General Meeting—March 13- 14, 2007
Drivers of science in the 21st century
•
•
•
•
Complex System science
Higher resolution – space and time
Rapid response
Data assimilation into models
Challenges: distributed data, cross-disciplinary data, large and
complex data sets, open data access and sharing, data discovery, data
preservation, data rescue, .. interoperability …
Electronic Geophysical Year General Meeting—March 13- 14, 2007
Complex Systems: The Global Climate Change Science Program
Electronic Geophysical Year General Meeting—March 13- 14, 2007
Earth Observing Systems
GEO - Group on Earth Observations
GEOSS - Global Earth Observation System of Systems
GEM – Global Environment Modelling project
GMES – Global Monitoring for Environment and Security
IWGEO – Interagency Working Group on Earth Observation
IGOS – International Global Observing Strategy
IGOS-P - International Global Observing Systems Partners
IGOSS – International Global Observing System of Systems
IGGOS – Integrated Global Geodetic Observing System
GOS - Global Observing Systems
GCOS - Global Climate Observing System
GOOS - Global Ocean Observing System
GTOS - Global Terrestrial Observing System
GOSIC - The Global Observing Systems Information Center
GOS/GAW - Global Observing System/ Global Atmosphere Watch
(WMO)
ESONET – European Sea Floor Observatory Network
EOSDIS – Earth Observing System Data and Information System
Electronic Geophysical Year General Meeting—March 13- 14, 2007
Attributes of an Integrated Global Observing System
• Comprehensive
• Sustained
• Integrated
• Global
U.S. GOES
India INSAT
Electronic Geophysical Year General Meeting—March 13- 14, 2007
“Knowledge is the common wealth of humanity.”
Adama Samassekou
Convener of the United
Nations World Summit on the
Information Society
“The
Information
Commons”
Electronic Geophysical Year General Meeting—March 13- 14, 2007
eGY Declaration
“Knowledge is the common wealth of humanity”
We have a shared responsibility to create and
implement strategies to realize the full potential
of digital information for present and future
generations. In the 21st century and beyond,
access to digital information and new
technologies for information integration and
knowledge discovery will influence the free and
productive development of societies around the
world. In the geosciences, as elsewhere,
providing ready and open access to the vast and
growing collections of cross-disciplinary digital
information is the key to understanding and
responding to complex Earth system phenomena
that influence human survival.
Article 1: Data access
Article 2: Data release
Article 3: Data description
Article 4: Data persistence
Article 5: Data rescue
Article 6: Common standards
and cooperation
Article 7: Capability building
Article 8: Education and public
outreach
Electronic Geophysical Year General Meeting—March 13- 14, 2007
eGY Impact
eGY will provide a springboard to the future in
much the same way that the IGY did 50 years
ago.
Growing out of the eGY and other I*Y efforts will
be a global, comprehensive, and engaging program
of geoscience research that motivates and enables
scientists, policy-makers, students, and teachers to
move forward into the 21st century and exploit fully
the information that pervades the modern world.
Electronic Geophysical Year General Meeting—March 13- 14, 2007
Electronic Geophysical Year General Meeting—March 13- 14, 2007
How can digital technologies
enhance information management
and knowledge discovery in our
global society?
Electronic Geophysical Year General Meeting—March 13- 14, 2007
Recommendations for the I*Ys
• Don’t reinvent the wheel
• Use existing software – relational databases, metadata management,
visualization packages, etc.
• Consider the Open Archival Information Systems (OAIS) reference
model as a good starting point
• Consider a structured storage where data are stored in tiers (realtime, recent, campaign, deep archive).
• Portal site should include community tools like a Wiki, software
libraries.
• The eGY has a “Best Practices” for scientific archives group.
• Use standards, like FGDC, SPASE to get broader buy-in.
Electronic Geophysical Year General Meeting—March 13- 14, 2007
eGY Working Groups
• Virtual Observatory Working Group
– Facilitating interoperability
– Closely linked to the AGU focus group on informatics
• Best Practices for Data Management
– What are the attributes of successful systems (including people)
– Focus on access and usability
– Initial effort sponsored by CODATA
• Data Integration and Knowledge Discovery
– Truly interdisciplinary understanding of data and information
• Education and Outreach
– Connecting teachers to virtual observatories
• Data Rescue and Preservation
Electronic Geophysical Year General Meeting—March 13- 14, 2007
Electronic Geophysical Year General Meeting—March 13- 14, 2007
Structure
• Executive Director
– Dan Baker, LASP
• Secretariat: To conduct eGY business; located at LASP & NOAA,
Boulder
– Secretary: Bill Peterson
– Communications: Marissa Rusinek
– Public Relations : Emily CoBabe-Ammann
• International Committee: Policy, planning, opportunity
identification, scientific links (representatives from key participants
and regions)
– Chair: C. Barton
• Thematic Working Groups
–
–
–
–
Virtual Observatories (Peter Fox, V. Papitashvili, Aaron Roberts)
Data Integration & Knowledge Discovery (Paul Berkman)
Best Practices - joint with CODATA (Herb Kroehl, Eric Kihn)
Education/Public Outreach (Emily CoBabe-Ammann)
Electronic Geophysical Year General Meeting—March 13- 14, 2007
Attractions of eGY
• Timely – Virtual Observatory software is becoming available; eScience initiatives are spreading
• Interdisciplinary - data sharing and data accessibility are common
issues in all areas of the geosciences
• Affordable – low budget needs; technology development is funded
elsewhere
• Inclusive – opportunities for developed and developing countries
• Appealing to young scientists - fast, convenient, comprehensive
data access
• Complements I*Y initiatives - IPY, IYPE, IHY, and CAWSES
• Education and Outreach - Connecting teachers, students, policy
makers and the public to scientific data.
• Capacity Building - can be used to reduce the digital divide
Electronic Geophysical Year General Meeting—March 13- 14, 2007
Suppose you study space weather and…
you need to know more about the Sun’s output?
How do you find the data?
Electronic Geophysical Year General Meeting—March 13- 14, 2007
Suppose you study Mars and…
you need to know how solar outputs affect the Martian
atmosphere? Where do you get satellite information?
Electronic Geophysical Year General Meeting—March 13- 14, 2007
The Interoperability Era
Electronic Geophysical Year General Meeting—March 13- 14, 2007
Electronic Geophysical Year General Meeting—March 13- 14, 2007
Meeting Announcement
• An eGY Open Forum will be held in the Cassiopée
Room from 17:30 to 19:30 on Friday 22 July.
• eGY representatives will also be in the room from
16:00 to discuss eGY issues with interested
individuals.
Electronic Geophysical Year General Meeting—March 13- 14, 2007
Virtual Radiation Belt Observatory (VRBO)
[Courtesy of J.C. Green, CU/LASP]
Electronic Geophysical Year General Meeting—March 13- 14, 2007
To get scientific data from various, mostly
distributed sources, scientists have had to:
1. Search through data
centers, various
institutions,
observatories, contact
colleagues…
2. get data via snail-mail, airmail, e-mail, Web…
4. process data
using mostly
proprietary
codes, run
models…
5. … finally, do
some science
3. ingest retrieved data
into a local
database…
Electronic Geophysical Year General Meeting—March 13- 14, 2007