Transcript Using FRBR for the Selection and Adaptation of Accessible

Using FRBR for the Selection
and Adaptation of Accessible
Resources
2006/10/05
Ayako Morozumi, Liddy Nevile,
Mitsuharu Nagamori, Shigeo Sugimoto
University of Tsukuba, La Trobe University
1
The study
• To investigate how FRBR can be used to
select an accessible resource from a set of
resources which have the same content.
• In FRBR terms, users A and B can select
different Manifestations of a single Work
in accordance with their accessibility
needs.
2
Resource discovery e.g. Cinderella
There are many resources with equivalent content
• Different languages and titles
– “Cendrillon, Ou La Petit Pantoufle De Verre”
– “Aschenputtel, KHM21”
• Different kinds of resources
–
–
–
–
movie (Cinderella) (Ever After)
opera (La Cenerentola)
ballet (Золушка)
musical, animation
• Different media types
– Book, CD, DVD, VHS, mp3, html, pdf…
3
(From Wikipaedia research)
but the selection process is critical
Child
Cinderella
PC
Japanese
Blind user
4
The selection process is critical
Picture story books
Web page written in
Japanese
Child
Cinderella
PC
Japanese
Auditory resource
Blind user
5
Requirements for resource discovery
and selection
1. Discovery of intellectual content
2. Matching (selecting) resources to users’
accessibility needs and preferences
6
Requirements for resource discovery
and selection
1. Discovery of intellectual content
2. Matching resources to users’
accessibility needs and preferences
In the usual way, we use
FRBR (implemented as
DCMT, MODS, …
metadata elements)
7
Requirements for resource discovery
and selection
1. Discovery of intellectual content
2. Matching/selecting resources to users’
accessibility needs and preferences
8
Explaining FRBR using Cinderella resources
※シンデレラ means ”Cinderella” in Japanese
Cinderella
Work
English
version
Expression
Manifestation
Japanese
version
シンデレラ
Cinderella
シンデレラ
Item
Library A
Bib ID:3409237
Library B
Library C
Bib ID：
Bib ID：
0120536206 5020242334
Library C
Bib ID：
4110332170
9
Using FRBR
Cinderella
Cinderella resources
English
html
English
shtml
shtml
Recital
mp3
mp3
Recital
amc
Book
pdf
pdf
Japanese
Work
doc
doc
Comic
Comic
pdf
pdf
TV
TVdrama
drama
wma
wma
CDdrama
CD
drama
mp3
mp3
Expression
Manifestation10
All DC elements map to FRBR attributes
Dublin Core Metadata Terms
Title
Type
Coverage
Description
Language
Subject
Format
Rights
Creator
Publisher
Date
Contributor
Relation
Source
Identifier
FRBR model
Work
Title of work
Form of work
Context for the work
Expression
Title of expression
Language of expression
Summarization of content
Manifestation
Title of Manifestation
Physical medium
Form of carrier
Extent of the carrier
Dimensions of the carrier
Access restrictions on the manifestation
11
Resource selection
reading
Cinderella in
Japanese
PC
Japanese
listening to
Cinderella or
using a screen
reader
Cinderella
abstract
Work
Japanese
Recital
Book
CD drama TV drama
Comic
Expression
Blind user
I want a
Cinderella that
I can
understand
Child
html
shtml
amc
pdf
mp3
doc
Manifestation
12
Resource selection
reading
Cinderella in
Japanese
PC
PC user
Cinderella
Work
More requirements
Japanese
I want a resource
that matches
abstract
my screen reader’s reading rate.
recital
Book
And that matches the reading
speed
with my
CD
drama
TVpreference.
drama
I also want a resource for the
Comic
auditory sense only.
listening to
Cinderella or
using a screen
reader
Expression
Blind user
I want a
Cinderella that
I can
understand
Child
html
shtml
amc
pdf
mp3
doc
Manifestation
13
AfA Accessibility metadata
• AccessForAll accessibility identifies
the accessibility selection attributes
for people with disabilities.
PC
Child
Blind user
Japanese
14
AfA Accessibility metadata
The AccessForAll has 2 metadata sets
• DRD: Digital Resource Description
• PNP: Personal Needs and Preferences
• The AccessForAll DRD lists the relevant
attributes for selection so we compare it
with FRBR.
15
Trying to map DRD elements to FRBR attributes
DRD Metadata Elements
control flexibility
has control flexibility
display transformability
has display transformability
hazard
has alternative
has component
is alternative
is display transformability of
is control flexibility of
is component of
control flexibility
has control flexibility
display transformability
has display transformability
hazard
has alternative
has component
is alternative
is display transformability of
is control flexibility of
is component of
control flexibility
has control flexibility
display transformability
has display transformability
hazard
has alternative
has component
is alternative
is display transformability of
is control flexibility of
is component of
control flexibility
has control flexibility
display transformability
has display transformability
hazard
has alternative
has component
is alternative
is display transformability of
is control flexibility of
is component of
control flexibility
has control flexibility
display transformability
has display transformability
hazard
has alternative
has component
is alternative
is display transformability of
is control flexibility of
is component of
control flexibility
has control flexibility
display transformability
has display transformability
hazard
has alternative
has component
is alternative
is display transformability of
is control flexibility of
is component of
FRBR model
Work
Intended Audience
Expression
Form of expression
Language of expression
Manifestation
Form of carrier
Type face
Physical medium
Type size
Color
System Requirements
Playing speed
16
DRD elements unable to map to FRBR attributes of
information about interaction modality
control flexibility
has control flexibility
display transformability
has display transformability
hazard
has alternative
has component
is alternative
is display transformability of
is control flexibility of
is component of
adaptation statement
support tool
original access mode
access mode usage
is alternative to
coverage
adaptation type
original access mode
coverage
representation form
Only 50% of DRD elements
can map to FRBR
But we need this accessibility information for
17
effective resource selection
Analyzing FRBR attributes
FRBR model
Work
Title of work
Form of work
Context for the work
Discovery of
intellectual content
Expression
Title of expression
Language of expression
Summarization of content
Manifestation
Title of Manifestation
Physical medium
Form of carrier
Extent of the carrier
Dimensions of the carrier
Access restrictions on the manifestation
Selection for
accessibility
18
What we found
• We have related DCMT and DRD
metadata elements to the FRBR attributes
and relationships.
DCMT
DRD
FRBR attributes and relationships
It was not possible to map all the DRD
elements.
19
Extending the base attribute set for
resource selection and adaptation
FRBR attributes and relationships
DCMT
+a
DRD
MODS
LOM
20
Conclusion
• We investigated
– the FRBR attributes and entities from the
viewpoint of resource selection
– some metadata element sets for general
resource description
– an accessibility metadata element set to
extend the model
21
Conclusion
• We have found
– the FRBR attributes do not include a
sufficient set of accessibility attributes.
– FRBR is useful as a core model to find
resources but needs extension to describe
attributes that relate to accessibility
• We propose
– An extended model to include the elements
of these sets.
22
Gracias！
Thank you!
ありがとうございました。
23
24
Attribute
Allowed Occurrences
Datatype
access mode statement
Zero or more per Access For All Resource
Access_Mode_Statement
control flexibility
Zero or more per Access For All Resource
control_flexibility_vocabulary = state ( full_keyboard_control,
full_mouse_control )
has control flexibility statement
Zero or more per Access For All Resource
URI
display transformability
Zero or more per Access For All Resource
display_transformability_vocabulary = state ( font_size,
font_face, foreground_colour, background_colour,
cursor_presentation, highlight_presentation, layout,
structure_presentation )
has display transformability statement
Zero or more per Access For All Resource
URI
colour coding
Zero or one per Access For All Resource
boolean
hazard
Zero or more per Access For All Resource
hazard_vocabulary = state ( flashing, sound, olfactory,
motion_simulation )
has adaptation
Zero or more per Access For All Resource
URI
has part
Zero or more per Access For All Resource
URI
is adaptation
Zero or one per Access For All Resource
Is_Adaptation
is display transformability statement of
Zero or one per Access For All Resource
URI
is control flexibility statement of
Zero or one per Access For All Resource
URI
is part of
Zero or one per Access For All Resource
URI
adaptation statement
Zero or more per Access For All Resource
Adaptation_Statement
support tool
Zero or more per Access For All Resource
support_tool_vocabulary = state ( dictionary, calculator,
note_taking, peer_interaction, abacus, thesaurus,
spell_checker, homophone_checker,
mind_mapping_software, outline_tool )
25