Transcript First and Second language Acquisition Theories

Krashen’s Hypotheses about
Second language Acquisition
YL-TESOL
Krashen’s 5 Hypotheses
The Natural Order Hypothesis
Monitor Hypothesis
The Affective Filter Hypothesis
Input Hypothesis
Acquisition-Learning Hypothesis
KRASHEN’S
INPUT HYPOTHESIS
Krashen’s InputHypothesis
Language is best acquired when language input
(listening or reading) is one level beyond his or
her current level of competence.
(i +1)
i+1
Language
learner
The Input Hypothesis
+1
the student’s
current
language
level
the student’s
current
language
level
What students
already know
What teachers
should provide
The Input Hypothesis
Week 1
Week 2
Week 3
The Input Hypothesis
(Bad examples)
i+ 5
Not building on
previous experiences
Too much new content
(learner overload)
known
input + 1 overload
KRASHEN’S
NATURAL ORDER HYPOTHESIS
The Natural Order Hypothesis
PROGRESSIVE (+ing)
PLURAL (n.+ s)
IRREGULAR PAST
POSSESSIVE (+‘s)
COPULA (be + n./adj.)
ARTICLE (a, the)
REGULAR PAST
3RD PERSON SINGULAR (v.+ s)
AUXILIARY (be + verbs)
KRASHEN’S
AFFECTIVE FILTER HYPOTHESIS
Krashen’s Affective Filter Hypothesis
Krashen’s Affective Filter Hypothesis
Language is acquired
best in an environment
where anxiety and
defensiveness are low.
Affective Filter
I+1
nervousness
anger boredom
fear
Books
Language
learner
(Affective Filter)
KRASHEN’S
ACQUISITION-LEARNING HYPOTHESIS
Language Acquisition
Sub-conscious learning
Learning from experiences:
books, movies, games, toys,
conversations, and so on.
Knowing through language
Picking up words
Trying to ask for things
Talking about experiences
Language Learning
Conscious learning
Learning rules
Grammar instruction
Error correction
Knowing about language
Know grammar rules
Memorized word lists
Can describe language
Language Acquisition
Sub-conscious learning
Learning from experiences:
books, movies, games, toys,
conversations, and so on.
Knowing through language
Picking up words
Trying to ask for things
Talking about experiences
L1
Language Learning
Conscious learning
Learning rules
Grammar instruction
Error correction
Knowing about language
Know grammar rules
Memorized word lists
Can describe language
L2
KRASHEN’S
MONITOR HYPOTHESIS
Krashen’s Monitor Hypothesis
Language learners monitor their communication
and correct minor errors based on what they
know about the language.
1
learned
rules and
grammar
input
Language
learner
2
output
The
End