Transcript Chapter 10 Alkanes and Aromatic Hydrocarbons

Chapter 10
Alkanes and Aromatic
Hydrocarbons
Branched Alkanes
Structural Formulas
Timberlake LecturePLUS 1999
1
Alkyl Groups
Branches on carbon chains
H
H
H
C
H
H
H
C
C
H
H
CH3
methyl
CH3CH2
ethyl
Timberlake LecturePLUS 1999
2
Branched Alkanes
CH3
CH3CHCH3
methyl groups
CH3
CH3
CH3CHCH2CHCH3
Timberlake LecturePLUS 1999
3
Naming Branched Alkanes
CH3
methyl branch
CH3CH2CH2CHCH2CH3
6
5
4
3
2
1
Timberlake LecturePLUS 1999
Count
4
Naming Branched Alkanes
CH3
methyl branch
CH3CH2CH2CHCH2CH3
6
5
4
3
2
1
Count
3-Methylhexane
on third C
CH3
six carbon chain
group
Timberlake LecturePLUS 1999
5
Naming Summary
1. Count the C’s in the longest chain
2. Name each attached group
3 Count the longest carbon chain to
give the first attached group the
smallest number
4. Name and locate each group
Timberlake LecturePLUS 1999
6
Learning Check Alk4
A.
CH3
CH3
CH3CHCH2CHCH3
B.
CH3
CH3
CH3CH2CHCH2CCH2CH3
CH3
Timberlake LecturePLUS 1999
7
Solution Alk4
A.
CH3
CH3
CH3CHCH2CHCH3
B.
CH3
2,4-dimethylpentane
CH3
CH3CH2CHCH2CCH2CH3
CH3
3,3,5-trimethylheptane
Timberlake LecturePLUS 1999
8
Learning Check Alk5
Write a condensed structure for
A. 3,4-dimethylheptane
B.
2,2-dimethyloctane
Timberlake LecturePLUS 1999
9
Solution Alk5
A. 3,4-dimethylheptane
CH3
CH3CH2CHCHCH2CH2CH3
CH3
B. 2,2-dimethyloctane CH3
CH3CCH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH3
CH3
Timberlake LecturePLUS 1999
10
Learning Check Alk6
Write 3 isomers of C5H12 and name each.
Timberlake LecturePLUS 1999
11
Solution Alk6
CH3CH2CH2CH2CH3
pentane
CH3
CH3CHCH2CH3
2-methylbutane
CH3
CH3CCH3
CH3
2,2-dimethylpropane
Timberlake LecturePLUS 1999
12
Isomers
Same molecular formula
Same number and types of atoms
Different arrangement of atoms
Timberlake LecturePLUS 1999
13
Examples of Isomers
The formula C4H10 has two different structures
CH3
CH3CH2CH2CH3
Butane
CH3CHCH3
2-methylpropane
When a CH3 is is used to form a branch, it
makes a new isomer of C4H10.
Timberlake LecturePLUS 1999
14
Learning Check Alk7
Write the structural formulas of 3 isomers
that have the formula C5H12. Name each.
Timberlake LecturePLUS 1999
15
Solution Alk7
Write the structural formulas of 3 isomers that
have the formula C5H12. Name each.
CH3CH2CH2CH2CH3
CH3
pentane
CH3
CH3CHCH2CH3
CH3CCH3
2-methylbutane
CH3
2,2-dimethylpropane
Timberlake LecturePLUS 1999
16