Transcript Research Program driving the JLab 12 GeV Upgrade

Hadron Physics in America
L. Cardman
Venues for Hadronic Physics Today
(and their near-term plans)
Two Major Facilities:
• CEBAF @ Jefferson Lab
(~6 GeV, cw, polarized electron beams)
• RHIC Spin @ BNL
(up to 250 GeV polarized protons on
polarized protons and heavy ions)
A broad variety of experiments at facilities focused on other
physics (e.g. EDM of neutron at LANSCE and Drell-Yan at
FNAL) and at smaller facilities (e.g. HIgS at TUNL)
Participation in many experiments at facilities overseas
(e.g. Hermes)
CEBAF @ Jefferson Lab
• A 4 GeV (now 5.7 GeV), high intensity, cw electron
accelerator built to investigate the structure of
nucleons and nuclei
• The approved research program includes 167
experiments on a broad variety of topics
• Research operations began 10/95
- in full operation for 7½ years (since 11/97)
- data for 118 full experiments and parts of 10 more are
complete
- results are emerging regularly in the published literature
3 End Stations
Hall A: Two High Resolution (10-4) Spectrometers
Hall B: The CEBAF Large Acceptance Spectrometer (CLAS)
Hall C: A High Momentum and a Broad Range Spectrometer
Setup Space for Unique Experiments
JLab Scientific “Campaigns”
The Structure of the Nuclear Building Blocks
1. How are the nucleons made from quarks and gluons?
2. What are the mechanism of confinement and the dynamics of
QCD?
3. How does the NN Force arise from the underlying quark
and gluon structure of hadronic matter?
The Structure of Nuclei
4. What is the structure of nuclear matter?
5. At what distance and energy scale does the underlying
quark and gluon structure of nuclear matter become evident?
Symmetry Tests in Nuclear Physics
6. Is the “Standard Model” complete? What are the values of its free
parameters?
Enhanced Figure of Merit for
Experiments Requiring Polarized Beam
80
2400
2000
2
PI
50
2800
2 2
60
FOM for
Parity Violation
Experiments
x 6 in ten years
EPI
70
3200
40
1600
30
1200
FOM for
Polarization Transfer Experiments
x 12 in ten years
20
10
0
800
400
0
FY97
FY98
FY99
FY00
FY01
FY02
Fiscal Year
FY03
FY04
FY05
FY06
CEBAF@JLAB: Near Term Plans
• Complete energy increase of base accelerator from the
original 4.0 GeV design to today’s 5.7 GeV to 6.0 GeV
(~1/07)
• Complete development of high intensity (up to 200 mA)
polarized beams with mid-term goal of >85% polarization and
enhanced helicity correlated characteristics as driven by the
approved program:
Characteristic
position stability (nm)
intensity stability (ppm)
Achieved
2-3
0.4
Goal
1
0.1
• Continue to run the physics program outlined briefly above
RHIC Spin
RHIC Spin Physics Program
Gluon Polarization
Flavor Decompsition
p0,+,- Production
W physics
Transverse
single/double
spin physics
Transversity:
Sivers vs. Collins effects
& physics of higher twists;
Pion interf. Fragmentation
Heavy Flavors
Longitudinal single spin physics
Prompt Photon
Transverse single spin physics
Phenix-Local Polarimetry
RHIC Spin Future Plans
For next four years Upgrade Plans Include:
• Factor of six enhancement of luminosity
• Operation at sqrt(s) = 500 GeV
Luminosity Goals are:
• p – p
60 x 1030 cm-2 s-1; 70% polarization (100 GeV)
150 x 1030 cm-2 s-1; 70% polarization (100 GeV)
(luminosity averaged over store delivered to 2 IRs)
Note: w/ electron cooling might reach as high as 5 x 1032 cm-2 s-1
Timeline for the Baseline RHIC Spin Program

Ongoing progress on p+p luminosity, pol’n in uncharted territory:
 ~1 more order of magnitude needed in L, factor ~1.5 in P
 Orderly plan for needed improvements in place
• aaab
•
 Substantial running time needed: ~70 weeks overall
 First phase of program uses existing detector:  s=200 GeV with
present detectors for gluon pol’n (g) at higher x & transverse
asymmetries
High Intensity g-Source at Duke
Broad physics program
planned for HIgS
- Nuclear Astrophysics
- Few Body Physics
- GDH Sum rule for deuterium
- Nuclear Structure studies
using NRF
- Compton scattering from
-
nucleons
and few body nuclei
Pion Threshold studies
• Commissioning of fully upgraded accelerator: Summer 2006
• Nuclear Physics Program begins Fall 2006:
Dec. 06 – March 07
Sept. 07 – Dec. 07
Linear Pol.- Below 50 MeV, >108 g/s
Circ. Pol. Up to 95 MeV, >108 g/s
E906 at FNAL (d/u for the proton)
Anticipated start FY09
Relative to E866/NuSea:
• Cross section scales as 1/s
- 7 that of 800 GeV beam
• Backgrounds, primarily from J/
decays scale as s
- 7 Luminosity for same detector
rate as 800 GeV beam
50 statistics!!
Mid-Term Prospects (to ~2012)
•
•
•
•
Continued Operation of CEBAF@JLab and RHIC Spin)
Experiments like E906 @ FNAL and the HIgS program
Enhancements of RHIC Spin
Construction of the JLab 12 GeV Upgrade
Timeline for the Baseline RHIC Spin Program

Ongoing progress on p+p luminosity, pol’n in uncharted territory:
 ~1 more order of magnitude needed in L, factor ~1.5 in P
 Orderly plan for needed improvements in place
 Substantial running time needed: ~70 weeks overall
 Program divides into 2 phases:
 s=200 GeV with present detectors for gluon pol’n (g) at higher x
& transverse asymmetries;
 s=500 GeV with detector upgrades for g at lower x & W prod’n
The JLab 12 GeV Upgrade
Major Programs in Four Areas:
• The experimental study of the
confinement of quarks – one of the
outstanding questions of the 21st century
physics
• Dramatic improvements in our
knowledge of the fundamental quarkgluon structure of the nuclear building
blocks
• Further exploration of the limits of our
understanding of nuclei in terms of
nucleons and the N-N force
• Precision experiments with sensitivity to
TeV scale physics beyond the Standard
Model
• And other science we can’t
foresee
Add new hall
12
116 GeV CEBAF
Upgrade magnets
and power
supplies
CHL-2
Enhance equipment in
existing halls
Enhanced Equipment in Halls A, B, & C and a New Hall D
D
9 GeV tagged polarized photons
and a 4p hermetic detector
B
CLAS upgraded to higher (1035)
luminosity and coverage
C
Super High Momentum Spectrometer (SHMS)
at high luminosity and forward angles
A
High Resolution Spectrometer (HRS) Pair,
and specialized large installation experiments
12 GeV Upgrade: Project Schedule
Critical Decision (CD)
Presented at IPR
CD-0 Mission Need
2QFY04 (Actual)
CD-1 Preliminary Baseline Range
4QFY05
CD-2A/3A Construction and Performance Baseline of
Long Lead Items
2QFY07
CD-2B Performance Baseline
4QFY07
CD-3B Start of Construction
3QFY08
CD-4 Start of Operations
1QFY13
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
2004-2005
2004-2008
2006
2007-2009
2007-2008
2008-2012
2011-2013
Conceptual Design (CDR)
Research and Development (R&D)
Advanced Conceptual Design (ACD)
Project Engineering & Design (PED)
Long Lead Procurement
Construction
Pre-Ops (beam commissioning)
Progress Toward 12 GeV
• CD-0 in March 2004
• DOE Science Review (April 2005)
- Formal DOE review, “Certified” the Science case for the Upgrade
“The overall proposed program represents an impressive coherent framework of
research directed towards one of the top frontiers of contemporary science: the
exploration of confinement, a unique phenomenon of the strong Interaction, one of
the four fundamental forces of nature.”
“…these experimental studies are challenging, but feasible with the proposed
upgrade,… they are essential to advance our theoretical understainding of
confinement and the structure of hadrons and nuclei,… and they have a high
probability for discoveries leading to significant paradigm shifts.”
the upgrade “also provides a unique opportunity to use the electroweak interaction
to search for physics beyond the Standard Model”
• DOE “CD-1” Review (July 2005)
-
Formally in preparation for DOE Critical Decision CD-1, which defines the
Preliminary Baseline Range
Passed with flying colors: No action items; all CD-1 prerequisites certified as “met”
• Awaiting Formal CD-1
-
Expect this Fall
Longer Term Prospects (2013 and Beyond)
• Operation of the CEBAF@12 GeV
• Continuation of RHIC Spin
• Plans developing now for a new electon-ion collider that
would be constructed during this period, focused on the
next generation of DIS and DES experiments
• There are two competing designs:
- ELIC (JLab)
- eRHIC (BNL)
Science Motivating
the Next Generation Collider
• How do quarks and gluons provide the binding and spin of
the nucleons?
• What is the quark-gluon structure of mesons?
• How do quarks and gluons evolve into hadrons?
• How does energy convert to mass?
• How does nuclear binding originate from quarks and
gluons?
• How do gluons behave in nuclei?
• ……..
ELIC/eRHIC Complementary to the
Physics of the 12 GeV Upgrade
g
g
12 GeV
12 GeV will access the valence quark
regime (x > 0.3), where the quark
properties are not masked by the sea
quarks and glue
Collider
12 GeV
The Collider will focus on the low-x
regime (x<0.1), where the glue dominates
(and eventually saturates)
A Draft Experimental Program for the
Next-Generation Electron-Ion Collider
• Nucleon structure, role of quarks and gluons in the
nucleons
-
Un-polarized quark and gluon distributions, confinement in nucleons
Polarized quark and gluon distributions (LOWEST POSSIBLE X)
Correlations between partons
Exclusive processes--> Generalized Parton Distributions
Understanding confinement with low x/lowQ2 measurements
• Meson Structure:
-
Goldstone bosons and play a fundamental role in QCD
• Nuclear Structure, role of partons in nuclei
-
Confinement in nuclei through comparison e-p/e-A scattering
• Hadronization in nucleons and nuclei & effect of
nuclear media
-
How do knocked off partons evolve in to colorless hadrons
• Partonic matter under extreme conditions
-
For various A, compare e-p/e-A
ELIC Layout
IR
IR Solenoid
IR
3-7
3 -7 GeV electrons
30--150
30
150 GeV light ions
Electron Injector
CEBAF with Energy Recovery
Beam Dump
Snake
The same electron accelerator can also provide 25 GeV electrons
for fixed target experiments for physics (ELFE @ JLab)
 Implement 5-pass recirculator, at 5 GeV/pass, as in present CEBAF
(One accelerating & one decelerating pass through CEBAF  20-65 GeV CM
Collider Program)
 Exploring whether
collider and fixed
target modes can run
simultaneously
eRHIC – Two Possible Machine Designs
Ring-Linac Design (1)
Ring-Linac Design (2)
Luminosity vs. CM Energy
• ELIC at Jlab
-
ELIC-JLab
TESLA-N
-
3-7 GeV e- on
30-150 GeV p
(both polarized)
20-65 GeV CM Energy
Polarized light ions
Luminosity as high as
0.8x1035 cm-2 sec-1 luminosity
• eRHIC at BNL
-
eRHIC - BNL
-
5-10 GeV e- on
50-150 GeV p
(both polarized)
30-100 GeV CM Energy
Polarized light ions
Heavy ion beams available
Luminosity from 1033 to
perhaps as high as 1034 cm-2
sec-1 (depending on design
choice)
Conclusion: A Fascinating Time
for Hadronic Physics
• Tremendous activity today (w/ CEBAF and RHIC Spin and
many other projects) within the hadronic physics
community in America
• Major enhancements in our capabilities are in progress:
- JLab Upgrade to 12 GeV
- RHIC Spin luminosity and detectors
- Experiments like E906 at FNAL
- HIgS
- …….
• Advanced planning for the longer term:
- ELIC @ JLab or eRHIC @ BNL