Transcript dahlin - Isac-Cnr

EUK4-CT-2002-00093
MASTER
Impact Assessment on Organic
Materials in Selected European
Museums
IAQ, Padua, 10 - 12 Nov. 2004
Elin Dahlin and Terje Grøntoft
Norwegian Institute for Air Research
Joel Taylor and Nigel Blades, UCL
Sara Rentmeister, ALU-FMF
Mihalis Lazaridis and Thodoros Glytsos, TU-Crete
Christopher Calnan, National Trust, Janusz Czop, National Museum Krakow,
David Howell, Historic Royal Palaces, Anne Sommer-Larsen, Trøndelag Folk
Museum, Christoph Pitzen, Würtembergisches Landesmuseum, John
Azzopardi, Wignacourt Museum
E.Dahlin, T. Grøntoft, IAQ, Padua, 10-12 Nov.2004
The MASTER Project
EUK4-CT-2002-00093
MASTER
EUK4-CT-2002-00093
”Preventive Conservation Strategies for
Protection of Organic Objects in
Museums, Historic Buildings and
Archives”
E.M. Dahlin: master-mal.ppt slide 2
Impact assessment on organic
material – problems to be solved
EUK4-CT-2002-00093
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
In museums and
historic buildings all
over Europe, objects
made of organic
materials are being
affected either by
display or by storage
conditions because of
unsuitable
environmental
conditions.
E.Dahlin, T. Grøntoft, IAQ, Padua, 10-12 Nov.2004
The Main Aim of the Project
EUK4-CT-2002-00093
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

To provide conservator staff of museums,
historic buildings and archives with a new
preventive conservation strategy for the
protection of cultural property, based on
an early warning system assessing the
environmental impact on organic objects.
Up to now there has been no early
warning tool for organic materials.
E.Dahlin, T. Grøntoft, IAQ, Padua, 10-12 Nov.2004
The Project partners

EUK4-CT-2002-00093
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Norwegian Institute for
Air Research, NILU, (NO)
University College
London, (UK)
Alberts-Ludwigs
Universität Freiburg, (DE)
Technical University of
Crete, (GR)
National Museum in
Krakow, (PL)
Historic Royal Palaces,
(UK)
Trøndelag Folk Museum,
(NO)
E.Dahlin, T. Grøntoft, IAQ, Padua, 10-12 Nov.2004
Subcontractors:
• The National Trust, (UK)
• The Consulting and Support
Centre for the Museums of
Baden Würtemberg, (DE)
• Wignacourt Collegiate
Museum, (ML)
EUK4-CT-2002-00093
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Questionnaire about decay of
organic collections in European
museums, archives and historic
buildings
Developed by the partner;
University College London,
Centre for Sustainable Heritage
E.Dahlin, T. Grøntoft, IAQ, Padua, 10-12 Nov.2004
Aims of questionnaire
EUK4-CT-2002-00093
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Determine the kinds of monitoring carried
out across Europe
Determine the perceived threats to
organic collections
The motivations behind monitoring
The kinds of damage found on organic
collections
E.Dahlin, T. Grøntoft, IAQ, Padua, 10-12 Nov.2004
EUK4-CT-2002-00093
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Target institutions and responses

European museums, historic houses and
archives were sent questionnaires to
approx. 100 institutions

31 institutions of varying size from 18
different countries responded, from
Finland to Malta, and Portugal to
Hungary
E.Dahlin, T. Grøntoft, IAQ, Padua, 10-12 Nov.2004
Proportion of monitoring to institutions
Museums (11)
Historic Houses (10)
Archives (7)
E.Dahlin, T. Grøntoft, IAQ, Padua, 10-12 Nov.2004
Parameters
Pe
sts
Pa
rt
Or
g
O3
NO
x
SO
2
UV
t
Lig
h
Te
mp
RH
EUK4-CT-2002-00093
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110
100
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
J. Taylor, 2004
20
18
16
14
12
10
8
6
4
2
0
Number of institutions (26)
Po
en
t
tm
re
a
tio
n
m
p
Te
e
st
s
St
or
ag
llu
as
tt
nt
E.Dahlin, T. Grøntoft, IAQ, Padua, 10-12 Nov.2004
Pe
an
d
lin
g
y
H
ld
ec
a
t
er
na
Li
gh
R
H
EUK4-CT-2002-00093
MASTER
Frequency
Types of damage noted by institutions
Development of an Early Warning
System
EUK4-CT-2002-00093
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Assessment of environmental factors not
enough in order to understand the real effect on
art objects
The knowledge of the actual reaction between
the art object and the contaminant is crucial
Development of sensors which emulate the
reaction between art objects and the
contaminants and which give a measurable
effect responce will be a useful Early Warning
System
E.Dahlin, T. Grøntoft, IAQ, Padua, 10-12 Nov.2004
Development of the Early Warning
Sensor (EWO-sensor)

EUK4-CT-2002-00093
MASTER


Different organic polymers have been tested
The intention is to develop a sensor that can
indicate the rate of chemical change, or
damage, that objects are likely to suffer in a
particular storage or display environment.
The main processes of chemical deterioration
for organic objects involve either oxidation or
acidic processes, or possibly a combination of
both.
E.Dahlin, T. Grøntoft, IAQ, Padua, 10-12 Nov.2004
The Early Warning Sensor (EWOsensor)
EUK4-CT-2002-00093
MASTER

The EWO sensor is manufactured by
spin coating the polymer onto a glass
carrier. The production of EWO sensors is made by the
partner Freiburg Material Research Centre

Chemical deterioration of certain
polymers has shown to be detectable by
simple techniques such as uv-visible
spectrometry.
E.Dahlin, T. Grøntoft, IAQ, Padua, 10-12 Nov.2004
Field test sites
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EUK4-CT-2002-00093
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The Museum of Decorative
Art & Design,
Oslo, Norway
Trøndelag Folk Museum,
Trondheim, Norway
Blickling Hall, Norfolk, UK
Tower of London,
The Bloody Tower, London,
UK
Haus der Geschichte
Baden-Württemberg,
Stuttgart, Germany
E.Dahlin, T. Grøntoft, IAQ, Padua, 10-12 Nov.2004
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Schwarzwälder
Trachtenmuseum,
Haslach, Germany
The Jan Matejko House,
Krakow, Poland
The Karol Szymanowski
Museum “Atma”,
MNK Department in
Zakopane, Poland
Wignacourt Collegiate
Museum, Rabat, Malta
The Historical Museum of
Crete, Heraklion, Greece
Field test exposure rack
Passive gas samplers
EUK4-CT-2002-00093
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EWO sensors
unshielded
EWO sensors,
shielded
Paper
Blue wool
Dosimeter
Silk
E.Dahlin, T. Grøntoft, IAQ, Padua, 10-12 Nov.2004
Tasks:
Laboratory and field test
EUK4-CT-2002-00093
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1. Laboratory test:
EWO response to controlled
conc. of NO2, O3 and SO2.
- Calibration
2. Field test:
EWO response to measured
conc. of NO2, O3 and SO2
in the museums.
- Compare with lab. test.
- Relate to real objects.
E.Dahlin, T. Grøntoft, IAQ, Padua, 10-12 Nov.2004
Increase in absorption factor
Laboratory test:
0.04
0.035
0.03
0.025
0.02
0.015
NO2
O3
SO2
0.01
0.005
0
0
RH = 70 %
50
100
150
Concentration (ppb)
0.04
Increase in absorption factor
EUK4-CT-2002-00093
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t = 21 days
T = 22oC
Calibration curves
0.035
0.03
0.025
0.02
0.015
NO2
O3
SO2
NO2+O3
0.01
0.005
0
RH = 45 %
E.Dahlin, T. Grøntoft, IAQ, Padua, 10-12 Nov.2004
0
50
100
Concentration (ppb)
150
The field test programme
EUK4-CT-2002-00093
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

Duration 12 months
3 test sites in each museum:
 Outdoor (A)
 In an open exhibition area (B)
 Inside a showcase (C)
E.Dahlin, T. Grøntoft, IAQ, Padua, 10-12 Nov.2004
Results
1. EWO response
2. Environmental effect
EUK4-CT-2002-00093
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a. Environmental parameter values
Passive gas samplers:
- NO2, SO2, O3, Org. Acids.
Logger data
- Temp, RH, Light (dust, number of visitors etc.)
b. Correlaton between environmental dose
(parameter values) and EWO response.
E.Dahlin, T. Grøntoft, IAQ, Padua, 10-12 Nov.2004
Field test:
EWO – response. All stations / locations.
EWO 1S (T) March + April + May
0.035
EWO 1S B (T)
0.03
EWO 1S C (T)
Change in abs.factor
EUK4-CT-2002-00093
0.025
MASTER
EWO1S A (T)
0.02
0.015
0.01
0.005
0
-0.005
-0.01
E.Dahlin, T. Grøntoft, IAQ, Padua, 10-12 Nov.2004
NO2 concentrations. Location A, B and C
MARCH
EUK4-CT-2002-00093
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3
NO2 (mikrog m )
50
45
C
40
B
35
A
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
E.Dahlin, T. Grøntoft, IAQ, Padua, 10-12 Nov.2004
O3 concentrations. Location A, B and C
MARCH
80
C
70
B
50
A
40
30
20
10
as
la
ch
1O
sl
o
10
-C
re
8te
Za
ko
pa
2ne
Tr
on
dh
ei
9m
W
ig
na
co
3B
ur
lic
t
kl
in
g
H
al
l
6H
ra
ko
w
ar
t
7K
tu
ttg
5S
er
o
fL
on
d
on
0
4To
w
EUK4-CT-2002-00093
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3
O3 (mikrog m )
60
O3: Less variation in concentration than NO2
SO2: Very low concentrations
E.Dahlin, T. Grøntoft, IAQ, Padua, 10-12 Nov.2004
Organic acid concentrations. Location C
MARCH
700
600
Stdev
Formic Acid
Acetic Acid
500
400
300
200
100
Correlates negatively with NO2
E.Dahlin, T. Grøntoft, IAQ, Padua, 10-12 Nov.2004
re
te
10
-C
sl
o
1O
na
co
ur
t
5S
tu
ttg
ar
t
6H
as
la
ch
2Tr
on
dh
3ei
m
B
lic
kl
in
g
H
al
8l
Za
ko
pa
ne
74K
To
ra
ko
w
er
w
of
Lo
nd
on
0
9W
ig
EUK4-CT-2002-00093
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-3
Organic acid (mikrog m )
800
EWO absorption response (change in
abs factor)
EUK4-CT-2002-00093
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Comparison between lab and field
tests
0.03
Field test
Laboratory test
March
April
May
0.02
NO2, RH = 75 %
NO2, RH = 45 %
NO2+O3, RH = 45 %
RH = 45 %
0.01
y = 0.0003x + 0.001
Trendline
(linear regression) R2 = 0.615
0
0
10
20
30
40
50
Dose NO2 (microg m-3)
E.Dahlin, T. Grøntoft, IAQ, Padua, 10-12 Nov.2004
60
70
80
IMPACT - modelling
EUK4-CT-2002-00093
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- Modelling of Indoor/outdoor (I/O)-ratio of
NO2, O3 and SO2.
- Modelling of total flux of pollutants
(NO2, O3 and SO2) to art objects exhibited
indoors.
http://www.ucl.ac.uk/sustainableheritage/impact/
E.Dahlin, T. Grøntoft, IAQ, Padua, 10-12 Nov.2004
IMPACT model estimating I/O concentrations
Input your environmental conditions Outdoor ppb Input building parameters
60 Internal volume m3
30
Pollutant gas
SO2 • NO2
O3
Wall mat 1
brick
22
Indoor temperature deg c
Wall mat 2 no material
EUK4-CT-2002-00093
MASTER
•
1.0
Relative humidity %
Air changes per hour
1.0
Air changes per day
10
Outdoor temperature deg c
9
Wind speecd m/s
area (m2)
synthetic carpet
20
area (m2)
plaster
20
area (m2)
Surface 1
no material
0
area (m2)
Surface 2
no material
0
area (m2)
Surface 3
no material
0
area (m2)
floor
ceiling
Material
flux
gs-1
brick
0.0600
#
synthetic 0.0239
carpet
#
Total deposition
1
brick
plaster
synthetic carpet plaster
Estimated indoor
concentration as %
of outdoor
0
vd
(cm/s)
Model output
29%
area (m2)
Pollutant deposition to
materials (area weighted)
http://www.ucl.ac.uk/sustainableheritage/impact/
E.Dahlin, T. Grøntoft, IAQ, Padua, 10-12 Nov.2004
0.0207
I/O
54
54
0.5
0
#
0.0
1.0
2.0
Air change rate per hour
Pollutant indoor/oputdoor ratio
variation with air change rate
Example: Naturally ventilated buildings
Wignacourt Museum, Rabat, Malta
Model input:
EUK4-CT-2002-00093
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Measurements of Environment:
Indoor temp
: 22 oC
Outdoor temp
: 7 oC
Indoor rel. hum
: 74 %
Average wind speed: 5 m s-1
Outdoor NO2
: 8.5 ppb
Indoor NO2
: 4.5 ppb
Volume (m3)
186
Art material
Area (m2)
Room surface material
Area (m2)
Surface material
Embroidered
vestments (inside
showcases)
Paintings
26
Wall material 1
35
Globigerina Limestone
Wall material 2.
35
Glass in window panes
as showcase
Floor
40
Cement tiles
Wooden furniture
(polished)
8
Ceiling
40
Globigerina Limestone
slabs and iron beams
3
E.Dahlin, T. Grøntoft, IAQ, Padua, 10-12 Nov.2004
Model output:
EUK4-CT-2002-00093
MASTER
Indoor NO2 = 5 ppb
limestone
paintings
wood, hard
cloth
concrete fine
Total fluxes to the room surface materials (g s-1):
Limestone (wall, ceiling)
Cloth (embroidered vestments)
Fine concrete (cement floor tiles)
Hard wood (furniture)
Paintings
Glass (window panes, showcase)
E.Dahlin, T. Grøntoft, IAQ, Padua, 10-12 Nov.2004
: 0.127
: 0.046
: 0.035
: 0.006
: 0.002
: 0.000
EUK4-CT-2002-00093
MASTER
For updating of the project
please visit our web page:
www.nilu.no/master
E.M. Dahlin: master-mal.ppt slide 29