Transcript Women Taking the LEED - Prostate Cancer Coalition of NC

“FOR MEN ONLY”
Retreat
Prostate Health
“
FOR MEN ONLY”
Retreat
The Prostate ?
Gland in the male reproductive system
Makes some of the fluid secreted in
semen
Located below the bladder and in front of
the rectum
Surrounds the upper part of the urethra
(tube that empties urine from the bladder)
The Prostate
Benign Prostate Hyperplasia
BPH is an enlargement of the prostate gland.
After age 50, most men develop enlarged
prostates
In some men, BPH can lead to serious
problems, including urinary tract infections, a
sudden inability to pass urine (acute urinary
retention), as well as the need for surgery.
Symptomatic BPH
Affects 5.6 million
men
Can affect quality of
life
– Degree of bother
– Interference w/daily
living
– Degree of Worry
– General psychological
well-being
Can be progressive
BPH
Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia
Signs & Symptoms
Poor Stream
Nocturia
Incomplete Bladder Emptying
Hesitancy
Urgency
Post-void Dribbling
BPH Diagnosis
History and symptom score
Physical exam
– Digital Rectal Exam (DRE)
– Neurological evaluation
Urinalysis
Creatinine
PSA (when appropriate)
Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia
Treatment
Program of monitoring or "Watchful
Waiting"
Medication
Surgery (Which procedure is best
depends on your symptoms and medical
condition.
Prostate Cancer
Prostate cancer is the leading cancer
diagnosed among men in the United
States (excluding skin malignancies).
Second leading cause of male cancerrelated deaths
Mortality rates for prostate cancer are
much lower than the incidence rates,
because survival for men with this cancer
is generally quite high.
Prostate Cancer in 2002
USA
Incidence:
Mortality:
2001Black Men
– Diagnosis
– Deaths
189,000
30,200
25,300
6,100
PROSTATE CANCER
African American men
are twice as likely to
die from prostate
cancer
Black men have
about a 60% higher
incidence rate of
prostate cancer than
white men
Prostate Cancer
Risk Factors
Age – more than 75% of cases are
diagnosed in men over age 65
Family History
Race – African American men have the
highest incidence of prostate cancer
High Fat Diet
Environmental Carcinogens
Prostate Cancer
Signs & Symptoms
Early – No Symptoms
Progressive – Symptoms are same as
BPH
Warning Signs:
-frequent urination, especially at night
- burning with urination
- persistent pain in back, hip, pelvis, or thighs
- hematuria (blood in the urine)
- change in urination patterns lasting 2 weeks
ANY UROLOGIC SYMPTOM
SHOULD BE EVALUATED BY A
PHYSICIAN
Prostate Cancer
Early Detection
Our best defense
The earlier prostate cancer is detected,
the better the chance of effective
treatment
Long term survival is good for cancer
confined to the prostate
Once the tumor has spread outside of the
prostate gland, it is much more difficult to
treat
Prostate Cancer
Early Detection
Prostate Specific Antigen (PSA)
Digital Rectal Exam
PSA
Elevated PSA does not always mean that
cancer is present – It serves as a “red flag”
Other conditions associated with an
elevated PSA:
- BPH (benign enlargement of prostate)
- UTI (urinary tract infection)
- Prostatitis (infection/inflammation of
prostate)
Recommendations for Prostate
Screening
Annual PSA and DRE for men >50
Begin at age 40 for high-risk populations
(strong family history or African American)
PSA elevations caused by inflammation
sometimes can be restored to normal with
antibiotics (25%)
Persistent PSA >2.5ng/ml has >20%
chance of being cancerous
Prostate Biopsy May Be
Required To Evaluate An
Abnormal DRE or Elevated PSA
Prostate Cancer
Prostate Biopsy
Small samples of prostate tissue are
removed and examined under the
microscope
Usually done in physician’s office
Needle biopsies are guided by transrectal
ultrasound
Prostate Cancer
Prostate Biopsy
Takes less than 30 minutes
Minimal discomfort
Biopsies can miss cancers; therefore,
follow-up biopsies may be necessary
Precancerous changes (prostatic
intraepithelial neoplasia) have a 50%
chance of prostate cancer and require
follow-up biopsies
Prostate Cancer
Treatment
General Health of the Individual
Stage and Grade of the Disease
Expected Lifespan
Anticipated Effects of Treatment
Patient and Family Preferences
Prostate Cancer
Treatment Options
Watchful Waiting
Surgery
Radiation Therapy
Hormone Therapy
Chemotherapy
“FOR MEN ONLY”
Life expectancy for
men 73 years (6
years less than
women
Men see physicians
28% less often than
women
33% of men have no
regular doctor (19%
of women)
“The best protection is early
detection”
&
We are our brother’s keeper