Transcript Slide 1

Forests and Carbon - Overview
Jim Cathcart
Oregon Department of Forestry
State Bar Environmental and Natural
Resources Law Section
Forestry and Climate Change
Brown Bag Lunch Session
April 21, 2009
Portland, Oregon
“STEWARDSHIP IF FORESTRY”
Sequestration vs. Storage
Growth
Yield
Carbon Pools
Above Ground
Dead Wood
Google Images
Below
Ground
Google Images
Wood Products
Scale
Tree
Stand
Landscape
Can Dead Trees Store Carbon?
8
All logs
7
6
Log 10
Store
5
Log 9
Log 8
Log 7
4
Log 6
3
Log 5
Log 4
2
Log 3
1
0
Log 2
Log 1
0
5
10
15
20
25
Time (years)
Source: Mark Harmon, A Landmark Assessment
of Oregon’s Forest Sustainability – Oregon State
University – October 18, 2001
Can Dead Trees Store Carbon?
Photo by Mike McMurray
Google Images
Google Images
Can Dead Trees Store Carbon?
“Dead Trees Don’t Go To Heaven”
Olga Krankina, Oregon State University
Adaptation
Vegetation Density Changes under
Potential Future Warming
(MAPSS Simulations)
Small Warming: The Biosphere becomes greener,
A sink for carbon (negative feedback).
Modest Warming:
Drought regions expand
into previously greening
regions. Carbon balance
is near a threshold.
In 6 of 7 future
Scenarios the West
gets wetter, fostering
woody expansion
and fuels increase.
Considerable warming:
Drought areas expand
more. The Biosphere
becomes a source of
carbon (positive feedback).
Mitigation
Business -As-Usual
Energy Efficiency Actions
25% Renewable Portfolio Standard
Transport Actions
Materials Actions
Biological Sequestration Actions
Source: Oregon Strategy for Greenhouse Gas Reductions – Governor’s Advisory Group on Global Warming (2004)
Types of “Offsets”
Increase Storage through Sequestration
– Forestation (Land Use Change)
– Forest Management
Maintain Existing Carbon Stores
– Avoided Development
– Forest Management/Conservation
Displace Fossil Fuel Emissions
– Urban Forestry
– Fuels Treatments/Forest Biomass Utilization
Who Is “Buying” Carbon?
Domestic
•
•
•
•
Energy Producers/Utilities
Forest Resource Trust
The Climate Trust
Brokers (e.g., Natsource, CO2e, EcoSecurities, Cantor Fitzgerald,
Equator LLC, Merrill Lynch)
• Chicago Climate Exchange
• Carbon Calculators
International
• European Union Emissions Trading Scheme
• Kyoto Clean Development Mechanism
• UNFCCC – Joint Implementation Program
Who Is “Selling” Forest Carbon?
Oregon
•
•
•
•
•
•
Individual Landowners (Forestation Projects)
Deschutes River Conservancy
Woodland Carbon Company (Oregon Pilot Aggregator)
Northwest Natural Resource Group (NW Certified Forestry)
EcoTrust
Oregon Board of Forestry
Source: Matt Delaney, Delaney Forestry Services LLC
Who Is “Selling” Forest Carbon?
Outside of Oregon
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Environmental Synergy Inc, (Lower Mississippi River Valley)
US Fish and Wildlife Service - Lower Mississippi River Valley (PowerTree)
Pacific Forest Trust (California Climate Action Registry)
Conservation Fund (California Climate Action Registry)
Utilities that Own Forestland (e.g., Pacific Gas & Electric, California)
National Carbon Offset Coalition (Neil Sampson, The Sampson Group)
Texas Forest Service (American Forest Foundation Pilot – Forest Management)
Grossman Forestry Company (Michigan – Group Tree Farm Certification)
The Delta Institute Conservation and Climate Initiative (Illinois, Michigan)
The Carbon Fund (Mississippi) (Forestation and Forest Management)
Merrill Lynch (Investing in Large Scale International Projects)
The Nature Conservancy (Looking to Get into Markets)
Lummi Indian Tribe – (Forest Conservation – Washington)
Source: Matt Delaney, Delaney Forestry Services LLC
Volume of Carbon Offsets Being Traded
70
65MtCO2e
CCX
60
OTC
23
50
MtCO2e
38MtCO2e
40
30
20
25MtCO2e
10
38
10MtCO2e
10
5MtCO2e
10
Pre-2002
2002
5
2003
11MtCO2e
11MtCO2e
2
1
8
9
2004
2005
42
14
2006
2007
From Neil Sampson, The Sampson Group. Source: Ecosystem Marketplace and New Carbon Finance, State of the
Voluntary Carbon Markets 2008
Mixed/Not specified
Forestry’s Share
of the Market
12
10
39%
Fugitive Emissions
Geological Sequestration
Fuel Switching
Energy Efficiency
Industrial Gas
MtCO2e
8
Renewable Energy
23%
Methane
6
Forestry/Land Use
4
8%
2
7%
5%
7%
5%
4%
2%
0.2%
0
EU
Non-EU
Canada
US
Aus/NZ
Latin Am.
Asia
Middle
East
Africa
Mixed
Project Location
From Neil Sampson, The Sampson Group. Source: Ecosystem Marketplace and New Carbon Finance, State of the
Voluntary Carbon Markets 2008
Cap and Trade Markets
Recognition of Offset Projects
Uncapped Emissions
Exceedence
Baseline or Business as Usual
Project Offset
Google Images
Capped Sector
Allocation
Emissions Cap
Quality Assurances
Additionality
Permanence
Measurability
Reliability
No Leakage
Offset Provider
Carbon Accounting - Forestation
Source: Cathcart, James F. 2000. Carbon sequestration – a working example in Oregon.
Journal of Forestry 98(9): 32-37.
Carbon Accounting
Source: The Pacific Forest Trust
http://www.pacificforest.org/
Carbon Accounting –
Wood Products and Substitution
Source: Wilson, James. 2006. Using wood products to reduce global warming. Pp. 117-130
in Forests, Carbon and Climate Change. Portland, Oregon: Oregon Forest
Resources Institute. 182 p.
Extra Slides
Cap and Trade Markets
Uncapped Emissions
Emissions Cap
(% of Some Previous Level or Baseline)
Google Images
Allocation
(Allowed Emissions)
Cap and Trade Markets
Forestry Included
Uncapped Emissions
Emissions Cap
Emission Allocation for Maintaining the Forest Baseline
Allocation
Google Images
Forest Management Baseline