Transcript Cyberterrorism - Marshall University

In every institution, information is blood.
Bradley H. Patterson, Jr. (1921-).
The Ring of Power: The White House
Staff and Its Expanding Role in
Government, 7, 3, 1988
Under today’s technological conditions, the “all
conquering stratagems” of Sun Tzu more than two
millennia ago – “vanquishing the enemy without
fighting” and subduing the enemy by “soft strike” or
“soft destruction” – could finally be truly realized.
Quote from the Chinese Army
Newspaper, Jiefangjun Bao, from a
summary of speeches delivered in
May 1996.
"A Glimpse of Cyberwarfare" U.S. News & World Report (03/13/00) Vol. 128, No. 10, P. 32; (Strobel,
Warren P.): Various governments around the world are using the Internet to suppress dissent,
harass their enemies, obtain trade secrets, and even prepare for war. Although computer security
experts admit that some of the worst-case scenarios have yet to happen, such as rogue governments
using computers to wreak havoc on financial systems, they warn that more than 12 countries,
including China, Iraq, Iran, and Russia already possess fairly sophisticated information-warfare
know-how. For example, China is currently debating whether to devote a fourth branch of its
military solely to information warfare, and the Pentagon will consolidate its offensive cyberwarfare
programs at the U.S. Space Command in Colorado later this year. Experts say cyberwars pose great
ethical and legal dilemmas, as there is no clear separation point between military sites and those devoted
to civilian infrastructure, as in physical wars. Military analysts admit that the U.S. may be the biggest loser
if cyberwarfare becomes an accepted form of battle, as it is the country most tightly strung together by
computer networks. Because of the widespread damage that cyberwarfare could lead to, some countries
such as Russia have proposed treaties on the matter, similar to arms control agreements. However,
experts say verifying such an agreement would be nearly impossible given the nature of computer
networks. Electronic spying could also become as problematic as cyberwarfare, as many government
agencies are rich with detailed, classified information that is extremely valuable to an enemy. Security
professionals say not only can information be taken from a computer, but an unfriendly entity could also
place bogus information into a computer, causing military leaders to make decisions about troop locations
or battlefield conditions based on fictional data. Most military analysts contend that the computer has
made the world an even more dangerous place. *
From http://www.umsl.edu/~sauter/ecommerce/news.html
CYBERSECURITY
&
NETWORK VULNERABILITY
Dale H. Shao, Ph.D.
Marshall University
Overview
 Network Events
Occurring Since 1993
 Key Societal Changes
 Network Players
 Cybersecurity
Breaches
 Types of Attackers
 Network Intrusion
Techniques
 Cybersecurity Counter
Measures
 Summary
Network Events Occurring Since 1993
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Internet
Intranets
Extranets
Push Technology
E-commerce
Supply Chain Management & ERP
Key Societal Changes
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Knowledge-based income
Personal computers
Availability of online
hacking tools with
instructions (10 Best
Hacking Web Sites)
Networked society
– Mobility
– Productivity
– System vulnerability
 ERP
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Network standardization
Increasing sophisticated
terrorists
Cyber-terrorism - the
use of network-based
technologies to cause harm
to data and/or information
from its original form
Network Players
Hackers
Lone Criminals
Malicious Insiders
Industrial
Espionage
 Press
 Organized Crime
 Police
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 Terrorists
 National
Intelligence
Organizations (NSA
and CERT – see
Morris Worm)
 Infowarriors
Cybersecurity Breaches
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Every single day in America, the U.S. government intercepts
and stores nearly 2 billion emails, phone calls and other forms
of electronic communication. Then, acres and acres of
supercomputers with eavesdropping and code
breaking capabilities automatically look for meaningful
information amongst the hurricane of data that enters
Fort Meade, Maryland. The NSA can listen for and detect
key words in phone conversations. NSA computers will trigger
alarms and in seconds a platoon of experts will be dissecting
the recorded conversation.
ECHELON is a code word for an automated global
interception system operated by the intelligence
agencies of the US, UK, Canada, Australia, and New
Zealand, and lead by the NSA. Some sources claim
ECHELON sifts through 90 percent of the Internet’s
traffic.
Cybersecurity Breaches – con’t
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Computer Security Institute (CSI) - based on responses from
643 computer security practitioners in U.S. corporations,
government agencies, financial institutions, medical
institutions and universities. Ninety percent of survey
respondents detected cyber attacks, including denial of service
attacks, Web-site vandalism, financial fraud, sabotage of data
or networks, and theft of proprietary information. Recent
estimates of $20 to 140 billion in losses – 2005 thru
2012.
FBI - 95 percent of all attacks by hackers go unreported
Kevin Poulson (1992)– convicted for stealing and trafficking
telephone access codes for the Soviet Union and wiretapping
conversations of Pacific Bell officials who were investigating
him.
Sunday Times in Britain (1999) - hackers attempting to
blackmail several bank’s security , they claim they can disrupt
bank operations and have lists of private clientele information
they will publish
Cybersecurity Breaches – con’t
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A survey by Global Integrity, a computer security company
showed that more than twenty-five of the world’s largest
banks were hacked into in 1999
British authorities (2000), with the assistance of the FBI,
arrested two eighteen-year-old British citizens who had
stolen over twenty-six thousand credit card accounts using
the Internet
(2000) A leak of early design information cost a
medium-sized producer of consumer electronic
goods $35 million in anticipated sales when a
competitor obtained the information and used it to
introduce its own version of the product much
sooner
Identity theft – the forging of someone’s identity for the
purpose of fraud. 2003: 10 million victims. 2014 – 15 million.
Network Intrusion Techniques
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Van Eck Devices – a CRT and/or LCD monitor on a computer
is actually a miniature transmitter broadcasting all of its
information into the air. A Van Eck receiving device can
“read” a screen up to around one half of a city block away.
High Energy Radio Frequency (HERF) Gun – shoots a
high power radio signal at an electronic target and puts it out
of commission. Designed to overload electronic circuitry.
ElectroMagnetic Pulse Transformer (EMP/T) Bomb – so
strong any computer in its path will likely be rendered useless
forever. Electronic circuitry will be melted beyond repair and
all magnetically stored data will be completely erased.
Hacking – illegally intruding in to a computer network. A
hacker is someone interested in operating systems, software,
security, and the Internet generally.
Network Intrusion Techniques – con’t
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Data-Driven Attacks – an attack that relies upon hidden or
encapsulated data, which may be designed to flow through a
firewall undetected.
Social Engineering – tricking an unwary system personnel
into revealing passwords or other information about their
network.
Spoofing – any procedure that involves impersonating
another user or host to gain unauthorized access to the target.
Hijacking – terminal hijacking, where an attacker seizes
control of another user’s session.
Back Door – a hidden program, left behind by an intruder or
a disgruntled employee that allows them future access to a
victim host, a.k.a., trap door.
Network Intrusion Techniques – con’t
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Crack – software (or any technique) used to circumvent system
security.
DoS – Denial of Service – results when a user maliciously renders
an Internet information server inoperable, thereby denying computer
service to legitimate users.
Flood, Floods, Flooder – tool or tools that overflow the connection
queue of a TCP/IP enabled system, thereby causing denial of service.
Logic Bomb – any program or code—generally malicious—that
causes a system to lock up or fail.
Cyberslacking – misuse of company resources.
Cookie – a small file that contains information about you and your
Web activities, which a Web site places on your computer.
Anonymous Web browsing (AWB) – hides your identity from the
Web sites you visit.
About 2,000 government agencies have databases with
information on people. Whenever you are in contact with
government agency, you leave behind information about
yourself.
Network Intrusion Techniques – con’t
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Computer sabotage costs about $10 billion per year. In
general, employee misconduct is more costly than assaults
from outside.
Sniffer – program that surreptitiously captures datagrams
across a network. Can be used to steal usernames and
passwords.
Time Bomb – any program that waits for a specified amount
of time or event to disable a machine or otherwise cause that
machine to fail.
Traffic Analysis – the study of patterns in communication
rather than the content of the communication. Can be very
revealing, primarily in determining relationships between
individuals and hosts.
Trojan (Trojan Horse) – an application or code that,
unbeknownst to the user, performs surreptitious and
unauthorized tasks. Those task can compromise system
security.
Identity Theft by Age of Victims
Cybersecurity Counter Measures
 Make cybersecurity a company wide philosophy
 Purchase Internet insurance
 Do not allow anyone access to your system who has
not been invited or who has not been verified using
several different technologies and photograph all
individuals who ask for access to your system
 Guards should know their job is secure, even if they
prevent a high level official from the firm from
entering an installation without the proper
identification and authorization
 Sensitive information should be destroyed before
being thrown out
Cybersecurity Counter Measures – Con’t
 If an individual does not use their account within a
specific period of time, they should be automatically
logged off
 Always change all default settings dealing with
passwords and usernames when setting up a
system
 Do not use obvious passwords
 Change passwords relatively often
 Use 128-bit encrypted browsers
 Make sure your email software is up-to-date
 Encrypt all files sent through email
Cybersecurity Counter Measures – Con’t
 Make sure your web browser is up-to-date
 Use the best security hardware and software that is
available and read and follow the recommendations
that are included with the software to prevent
unauthorized access to your system
 Thoroughly train and certify you security personnel
Summary
 It would not be surprising if a catastrophic
terrorist event occurred in the near future
 Businesses must protect themselves from
the preceding as much as possible by using
practical measures to defend against these
unlawful intrusions