Transcript Country Music - Harlan Independent Schools

Country Music
An Overview
What
is
Country Music?
Country music is
a blend of popular musical forms
originally found in the Southern United
States and the Appalachian Mountains.
It has roots in traditional folk music,
Celtic music, gospel music and oldtime music and evolved rapidly
in the 1920s.
The term Country Music began to be used in
the 1940s when the earlier term hillbilly
music was deemed to be degrading.
The term Country Music was widely
embraced in the 1970s, while Country and
Western has declined in use since that
time, except in the United Kingdom and
Ireland, where it is still commonly used.
What has
country music
given the
United States?
Country music has produced two of the
top selling solo artists of all time.
Elvis Presley, who was known early on as
“the Hillbilly Cat”, went on to become a
defining figure in the emergence of
rock and roll.
Contemporary musician Garth Brooks,
with 220 million albums sold, is the
top-selling solo artist in U.S. history.
Early History
Immigrants to the Southern Appalachian
Mountains of North America brought the music
and instruments of the Old World along with
them for nearly 300 years.
The Irish fiddle, the German derived dulcimer, the
Italian mandolin, the Spanish guitar, and the
African banjo were the most common musical
instruments.
The interactions among musicians from different
ethnic groups produced music unique to this
region of North America.
Appalachian string bands of the early twentieth
century primarily consisted of the fiddle, guitar,
and banjo. This early country music along with
early recorded country music is often referred to
as old-time music.
Throughout the 19th century, several immigrant
groups from Europe, most notably from Ireland,
Germany, Spain, and Italy moved to Texas.
These groups interacted with the Spanish, Mexican,
Native American, and U.S. communities that were
already established in Texas.
As a result of this cohabitation and extended
contact, Texas has developed unique cultural
traits that are rooted in the culture of all of its
founding communities.
1920s
The first commercial recording of what can be considered
country music was "Sallie Gooden" by fiddlist A.C. (Eck) Robertson
in 1922 for Victor Records.
Columbia Records began issuing records with "hillbilly" music
(series 15000D "Old Familiar Tunes")
as early as 1924.
A year earlier on June 14, 1923, Fiddlin' John Carson recorded
"Little Log Cabin in the Lane" for Okeh Records.
Vernon Dalhart was the first country singer to have a nationwide hit in
May 1924 with "Wreck of the Old '97.“ The flip side of the record
was "Lonesome Road Blues," which also became very popular.
In April 1924, "Aunt" Samantha Bumgarner and Eva Davis became the
first female musicians to record and release country songs.
Jimmie Rodgers and the Carter Family are
widely considered to be important
early country musicians.
Jimmy Rodgers is considered to be the
Father of Country Music.
Rodgers fused hillbilly country, gospel,
jazz, blues, pop, cowboy, and folk music
Beginning in 1927, and for the next 17 years
the Carters recorded some 300 old-time
ballads, traditional tunes, country songs and
Gospel hymns, all representative of America's
southeastern folklore and heritage
1930s-1940s
One effect of the Great Depression was to
reduce the number of records that
could be sold.
Radio, and broadcasting, became a popular
source of entertainment.
“Barn dance" shows featuring country music
were started all over the South, as far
north as Chicago, and as far west
as California.
The most important was the Grand Ole Opry,
aired starting in 1925 by WSM-AM in Nashville
to the present day.
Some of the early stars on the Opry were Uncle
Dave Macon, Roy Acuff and African American
harmonica player DeFord Bailey.
By 1934 it could be heard across the country
Singing Cowboys
During the 1930s and 1940s,
cowboy songs, or Western music,
which had been recorded since the
1920s, were popularized by films
made in Hollywood.
Some of the popular singing
cowboys from the era were Gene
Autry, the Sons of the Pioneers and
Roy Rogers
Bluegrass, Folk, and Gospel
By the end of World War II, "mountaineer" string band
music known as bluegrass had emerged when Bill
Monroe joined with Lester Flatt and Earl Scruggs, led by
Roy Acuff at the Grand Ole Opry. Gospel music, too,
remained a popular component of country music. Red
Foley, the biggest country star following World War II,
had the first million-selling gospel hit and also sang
boogie, blues and rockabilly.
In the post-war period, country music was called "folk"
in the trades, and "hillbilly" within the industry. In 1944,
Billboard replaced the term "hillbilly" with "folk songs
and blues," and switched to "country" or "country and
western" in 1949.
Honky Tonk
Another type of stripped down and raw music with a variety of
moods and a basic ensemble of guitar, bass, dobro or steel guitar
drums became popular, especially among poor white southerners.
It became known as honky tonk and had its roots in Texas.
Bob Wills and His Texas Playboys personified this music which has
been described as "a little bit of this, and a little bit of that…”
East Texan Al Dexter had a hit with "Honky Tonk Blues," and seven
years later "Pistol Packin' Mama.“ These "honky tonk" songs
associated barrooms, were performed by the likes of Ernest Tubb,
Ted Daffin, Floyd Tillman, and the Maddox Brothers and Rose, Lefty
Frizzell and Hank Williams, would later be called
"traditional" country.
Williams' influence in particular would prove to be enormous, inspiring
many of the pioneers of rock and roll, such as Elvis Presley and
Jerry Lee Lewis, while providing a framework for emerging honky
tonk talents like George Jones.