David Vaile

Cyberspace Law and Policy Centre, UNSW Law Faculty

[email protected]

http://cyberlawcentre.org/genl2032/02.ppt

• What’s new? • News summary – class

participation

• Regulation • 3 wings of government • Laws • Disputes, courts • Schemes • Jurisdiction • Theories • History of internet • Technical basis • Cyberlibertarianism • ‘Self regulation’ • Code as regulation • Net Federalism • Critiques • The empire strikes back • The people strike back?

Laws, disputes, courts, schemes

• 3 wings of government • Laws • Disputes, courts • Schemes • Jurisdiction • Criminal v Civil • Evidence / gosssip /‘facts’ • ‘Proof’: onus, standard • Risks and costs • Jurisdiction • Popular sovereignty • Litigation funding • Law reform • Lobbying • Online campaigning • Talking to yourself • Self regulation • Industry codes

Law and IT, with communications flavour

1. What is the Internet? What is 'cyberspace'?

• Leiner et al A Brief History of the Internet

http://www.internetsociety.org/internet/inte rnet-51/history-internet/brief-history internet

• William Gibson Neuromancer, Ace Books, 1984.

text http://lib.ru/GIBSON/neuromancer.txt

• Study Guide for Neuromancer

http://project.cyberpunk.ru/idb/neuromance r_study_guide.html

2. Technical basis - The Internet protocols (TCP/IP) and Internet applications

• Roger Clarke, Gillian Dempsey, Ooi Chuin Nee and Robert F. O'Connor

A Primer on Internet Technology

(1998) http://www.anu.edu.au/people/Roger.Clarke/II/IPrimer.html

• Clarke also provides a very simple introduction

The Internet as a Postal Service: A Fairy Story

(1998) http://www.anu.edu.au/people/Roger.Clarke/II/InternetPS.html

• Cliff Green An Introduction to

Internet Protocols for Newbies

(1996) http://codewrangler.home.comcast.net/tech_info/internet_prot ocols.html

3. Origins and history of the Internet

• The pre-commercial Internet (to 1996)

– Vinton Cerf, Computer Networking: Global infrastructure for the 21st Century http://www.cs.washington.edu/homes/lazowska/cra/networks.ht

ml – Howard Rheingold ‘Visionaries and Convergences: The Accidental History of the Net’ Chapter Three of The Virtual Community (1994) http://www.rheingold.com/vc/book/3.html

– Robert Hobbes' Zakon Hobbes' Internet Timeline v5.6 http://www.zakon.org/robert/Internet/timeline/

3.2 The commercial Internet (since 1996) The 'new economy' Kevin Kelly's ‘New Rules for the New Economy’ WIRED archive 5.09 (1997)

http://www.wired.com/wired/5.09/newrules.html

– The Law of Connection - Embrace dumb power – The Law of Plentitude - More gives more – The Law of Exponential Value - Success is nonlinear – The Law of Tipping Points - Significance precedes momentum – The Law of Increasing Returns - Make virtuous circles – The Law of Inverse Pricing - Anticipate the cheap – The Law of Generosity - Follow the free – The Law of the Allegiance - Feed the web first – The Law of Devolution - Let go at the top – The Law of Displacement - The net wins – The Law of Churn - Seek sustainable disequilibrium – The Law of Inefficiencies - Don't solve problems

3.3 Origins and history of the Internet

• The Internet in Australia

– Roger Clarke A Brief History of the Internet in Australia v3.1 (2001) http://www.anu.edu.au/people/Roger.Clarke/II/OzIHist.ht

ml – National Office for the Information Economy (NOIE) Current State Of Play (April 2002) http://www2.dcita.gov.au/ie/framework/benchmarking/cs op Chapters 1-23 - statistics on Internet penetration and use.

•

4. Theories of cyberspace regulation 5.

`Virtual communities' and self regulation: Digital libertarianism Johnson and Post - 'Net federalism‘

David R. Johnson and David G. Post ‘Law and Borders- The Rise of Law in Cyberspace’ 48

Stanford Law Review

1367 (1996) http://www.cli.org/X0025_LBFIN.html

Shorter version: Johnson and Post

And How Shall the Net be Governed? - A Meditation on the Relative Virtues of Decentralized, Emergent Law

(1996) http://www.cli.org/emdraft.html

5.2 Self-regulatory mechanisms – ADR in cyberspace disputes?

• Consumers International study http://www.consumersinternational.org/d ocument_store/Doc35.pdf

• OECD’s Guidelines for Consumer Protection

in the Context of Electronic Commerce

(1999) • Online Ombuds Office http://www.ombuds.org/center/ombuds.ht

ml

6. Regulatory models for cyberspace 7. Lawrence Lessig – 'Code' as regulation

• Lawrence Lessig,

Code and Other Laws of Cyberspace,

Basic Books 1999 http://code-is-law.org/ • Lawrence Lessig ‘The Law of the Horse: What Cyberlaw Might Teach' 113

Harvard Law Review

501 (1999) http://cyber.law.harvard.edu/works/lessig/finalhls.pdf

• Graham Greenleaf, ‘An Endnote on Regulating Cyberspace: Architecture vs Law?’ (1998

) University of New South Wales Law Journal

(Parts III – V) Volume 21, Number 2 ( http://www.austlii.edu.au/au/other/unswlj/thematic/1998/ vol21no2/greenleaf.html

) 'Electronic Commerce: Legal Issues For The Information Age '

Law Markets Norms Code

Lawrence Lessig – 'Code' as regulation (cont.)

Explanation A body of rules regulating society’s behaviour, for which sanctions will be imposed if the rules are breached.

Economic factors which impact upon the value of a product Customs or conventions A set of constraints on how one can behave Example Crimes Act 1900 (NSW) Telstra’s near- monopoly ‘Netiquette’ Software code, the laws of physics

Lawrence Lessig – 'Code' as regulation (cont) • Critiques/commentaries on Lessig's arguments

Reviews http://code-is-law.org/reviews.html

– Karen Coyle, Information Technology and Libraries, September 2000 http://www.kcoyle.net/lessig.html

– Mark S. Nadel "Book Review: Computer Code vs. Legal Code: Setting the Rules in Cyberspace"

Federal Communications Law Journal

http://code-is-law.org/nadel_review.pdf

– Charles C. Mann "The Unacknowledged Legislators of the Digital World"

Atlantic Unbound

, December 15, 1999 http://www.theatlantic.com/unbound/digicult/dc991215.htm

Lawrence Lessig – 'Code' as regulation (cont.)

•

The Future of Ideas: The Fate of the Commons in a Connected World Random House (2001)

http://cyberlaw.stanford.edu/future/ Tom Zillner, Information Technology and Libraries http://www.lita.org/ital/2103_books.html

summary •

Free Culture

http://free-culture.org/freecontent/

Other theoretical approaches to cyberspace regulation

• James Boyle's critique of 'digital libertarianism’: ‘Surveillance, Sovereignty, and Hard-Wired Censors’ (1997) http://www.law.duke.edu/boylesite/foucault.htm

• Joel Reidenberg - "Lex Informatica: The Formulation of Information Policy Rules through Technology" (1998) 76

Texas Law Review

553-593 ( http://reidenberg.home.sprynet.com/lex_informatica.pdf

• Trotter Hardy's presumption of decentralised control I Trotter Hardy 'The proper legal regime for cyberspace'

University of Pittsburg Law Review

, 1994, 55:993 http://www.wm.edu/law/facultyadmin/faculty/hardy-16.htm

• Johnson and Post - net federalism

Fast forward...

• The empire strikes back: mega jurisdiction • The people strike back? Anonymity, social networks