Document & Workflow Management System

Transcript Document & Workflow Management System

XRML Syntax and Automated
Form Processing
2001. 3. 3
IIS/EC Lab
Mye M. Sohn
Table of Contents
1. Introduction
2. XRML Syntax
2.1 Overall Architecture of XRML
2.2 Rule Structure Language (RSL)
2.3 Rule Triggering Language (RTL)
2.4 Rule Identification Language (RIL)
3. Application of Automated Form Processing
4. Conclusion
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1. Introduction
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Advent of XML

Standard communication format across the
Internet.
Extensible Markup Language (XML)

However, exchanged data is insufficient
for rule processing which is involved with
workflow system.
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Workflow System

So we need the rule exchange scheme on
workflow system, which can be
understood expert system agents.
XRML(Extensible Rule Markup
Language)
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Definition of XRML

Extensible Rule Markup Language (XRML)
extension of XML with additional
capabilities of structured rule exchange
and interact with ESA and human on
intranet workflow system.
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2. XRML Syntax
2.1 Overall Architecture of XRML
2.2 Rule Structure Language (RSL)
2.3 Rule Identification Language (RIL)
2.4 Rule Triggering Language (RTL)
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2.1 Overall Architecture of XRML
Expert System Agent
Parser
Transform
RB
Call
Inference
Engine
Knowledge
Engineer
Trigger
Inquiry
Knowledge
Editor
RSL
Object Type
Forms
Answer
RTL in Forms
Consistency
HTML Forms
XML/
HTML
Web Browser
XML/RIL
Workflow
XRML
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2.2 Rule Structure Language (RSL)

Automation of the decision making on
workflow


Structured rule exchange is essential
To do so, we design Rule Structure
Language (RSL) which can represent rule
structure in markup syntax.
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RSL Representation
<?xml version="1.0"?>
<?xml-stylesheet type="text/xsl" href="transform1.xsl"?>
<!DOCTYPE rsl SYSTEM "bc.dtd">
<rsl>
<RSLRuleGroupTitle>Budgetary Constraints for research fund</RSLRuleGroupTitle>
<rslrule>
<RSLRuleTitle>budgetary appropriateness</RSLRuleTitle>
<RSLRuleBody>
<IF><statement>
<l.parn>(</l.parn>
<rel.operator>AND</rel.operator>
<l.parn>(</l.parn>
<l.parn>(</l.parn>
<var>budgetary_source</var>
<operator> IS </operator>
<value>type _P_research_fund</value>
<r.parn>)</r.parn>
</statement>
<statement>
…… </statement>
</IF>
<THEN>
<statement> …… </statement>
</THEN>
</RSLRuleBody>
</rslrule>
</rsl>
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DTD of RSL
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!ELEMENT rsl (RSLRuleGroupTitle, rslrule)>
<!ELEMENT RSLRuleGroupTitle (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT rslrule (RSLRuleTitle, RSLRuleBody)>
<!ELEMENT RSLRuleTitle (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT RSLRuleBody (IF, THEN)>
<!ELEMENT IF (statement)+>
<!ELEMENT THEN (statement)+>
<!ELEMENT statement (l.parn|rel.operator|operator|r.parn|value|var)+>
<!ELEMENT l.parn (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT operator (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT r.parn (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT rel.operator (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT value (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT var (#PCDATA)>
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BNF of RSL rule
<RSL_Rule> ::= (<RSL>
<RSLRulegroupTitle>(rulegrouptitle literal)</RSLRulegroupTitle>
<RSLRule>statement {statement} </RSLRule>
</RSL>)
statement ::= <RSLRuleTitle>(ruletitle literal)</RSLRuleTitle>
<RSLRuleBody> <IF> conditions</IF>
<THEN> statement </THEN>
</RSLRuleBody>
conditions ::= AND (statement IS|<operator> statement>|
OR (statement IS|<operator> statement)|NIL
{AND (statement IS|<operator> statement)|
OR (statement IS|<operator> statement)|NIL}
statement ::= <var>literal</var>|<val>literal</val>
<operator >::= >=|<=|=
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XSL (Extensible Stylesheet Language)
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<xsl:stylesheet version="1.0" xmlns:xsl="http://www.w3.org/1999/XSL/Transform"
xmlns:fo="http://www.w3.org/1999/XSL/Format">
<xsl:output method="html"/>
<xsl:template match="/">
<html>
<head><title><xsl:value-of select="//rslrule/RSLRuleTitle"/></title></head>
<body>
<h1><xsl:value-of select="//RSLRuleGroupTitle"/></h1>
<h2><xsl:value-of select="//rslrule/RSLRuleTitle"/></h2>
<xsl:text>IF</xsl:text>
<xsl:for-each select="/rsl/rslrule/RSLRuleBody/IF/type1sentence">
<xsl:value-of select="l.parn"/><xsl:value-of select="rel.operator"/><xsl:value-of select="l.parn"/>
<xsl:value-of select="l.parn"/>
<xsl:value-of select="var"/><xsl:value-of select="operator"/><xsl:value-of select="value"/>
<xsl:value-of select="r.parn"/><br/></xsl:for-each>
<xsl:for-each select="/rsl/rslrule/RSLRuleBody/IF"><xsl:value-of select="r.parn"/>
<xsl:value-of select="r.parn"/></xsl:for-each>
<xsl:text>THEN </xsl:text><xsl:for-each select="/rsl/rslrule/RSLRuleBody/THEN/sentence">
<xsl:value-of select="s.l.parn"/>
<xsl:value-of select="var"/><xsl:value-of select="operator"/><xsl:value-of select="value"/>
<xsl:value-of select="s.r.parn"/><br/></xsl:for-each>
</body></html></xsl:template></xsl:stylesheet>
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Illustrative HTML on Browser
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Advantages of RSL

RSL

Structured Rule Interchange format on Internet
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2.3 Rule Identification Language
(RIL)

To aid human agent’s knowledge
processing, rule which is represented
RSL should be converted to unstructured
HTML.
Rule Identification Language (RIL)
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Design of RIL

RIL is component of XRML which can
identify the relevant rule and contingency
variable in unstructured HTML .

Rule title may be viewed as pointer that point
out the relevant RSL

Contingency Variables

The RSL should be reconstructed by change of
variables in RIL and vice versa.
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RIL Representation
<?xml version="1.0"?>
<?xml-stylesheet type="text/xsl" href="transform2.xsl"?>
<!DOCTYPE ril SYSTEM "ril.dtd">
<ril>
<RILHeader>
<RILTitle>budgetary appropriateness</RILTitle>
<RILHeader>
<RILBody>
If the <var>budgetary source</var> is the <val>type-P research fund
</val>, the spendable <var>items</var> are<val>student salary</val>
and <val>expenses for data collection</val>
</RILBody>
</ril>
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DTD of RIL
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!ELEMENT RILBody (#PCDATA | val | var)*>
<!ELEMENT RILHeader (RILTitle)>
<!ELEMENT RILTitle (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT ril (RILHeader, RILBody)>
<!ELEMENT val (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT var (#PCDATA)>
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Display for Human’s Comprehension
.
Pointing to RSL
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Advantages of RIL

Aid human agent’s Knowledge Processing


Conversion of XRML (including Rule Identification
Language) to XML/HTML
Maintain Consistency between Rule Base and
Web page

Aid the extraction(semi-automatically) of rules from
XML maintaining consistency between them
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2.4 Rule Triggering Language (RTL)

Intelligent agent’s knowledge processing
against web client

To perform the rule processing, form of
workflow can trigger the ESA which can give
adequate inference results.
Rule Triggering Language (RTL)
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Representation of RTL

New attributes type can be created in the
form

Representation of the attributes in
grammatical form which is represent not only
relevant rule, but also returned result that is
selected among inference results.

Suggestion of variables and values that
describe attribute types.
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BNF of RTL
<RTL_attribute> ::= <RTL>
<RuleGroup> (rule_group_title literal)</RuleGroup>
<RuleTitle>(rule_title literal)</RuleTitle>
<Condition>
<trigger_attribute>(attribute_name literal {literal})
</trigger_attribute>
<access>access_var</access>
<when>invoke_time</when>
</Condition>
<ReturnedResult> description </ReturnedResult>
</RTL>
access_var ::= new-value|new-values|get-value|get_values|delete-value|
delete-values|add-value|add-values
invoke_time ::= before|after
description ::= <attribute>attribute_name</attibute> <val>inference_value</val>
attribute_name ::= literal
inference_value ::= literal|a certain number
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Example of RTL
{{requisition-2000/6/28-1
(requisition_section : ICEC )
(Use_for: student’s salary)
(budgetary_source: type-P research fund)
(account: P-1234)
(amount: 1000)
(permission:
)
(RULE_TRIGGER: (<RTL>
<RuleGroup>Budget Control</RuleGroup>
<RuleTitle> budgetary_appropriateness</RuleTitle>
<Condition>
<trigger>budgetary_source</trigger>
<access>new-value</access>
<when>after</when>
</Condition>
<ReturnedResult>
<var>permission</var>
</ReturnedResult>
</RTL>)}}
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Advantages of RTL

Aid Agent’s Knowledge Processing against Web
page

Triggering rule-based inferences in the agents, possibly
from the Workflow Management System
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Knowledge Management

XRML is devised for Knowledge
Management among agents of intranet
workflow system


Knowledge Sharing and Reusing
To achieve the knowledge sharing,
knowledge should be managed
consistently between RSL and RIL.
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3. Application of Automated
Form Processing
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Rule embedded in a form

In the workflow system, form embed with
many rule processing on web client.

In student salary payment process, for instance,
the following rules are applied to determine
whether or not type-P research fund are
allowed.
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Illustrative Rules
IF
(budgetary-source IS type-P research fund)
AND ((item IS student’s-salary
OR (item IS data-collection-expenses))
THEN
permission IS allowed
IF
(budgetary-source IS type-P research fund)
AND NOT (((item IS student’s-salary
OR (item IS data-collection-expenses)))
THEN
permission IS denied
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Issues of form processing(1)

Storage of the rule

Memorized by human beings or may be
referred to by consulting printed regulations
(Unstructured HTML Document).
Cause of the Inaccurate Transaction

Remedy

Adoption of intelligent agent named Expert
System Agent (ESA)
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Issues of form processing(2)

ESA on web client can’t yet understand the
unstructured HTML.

Remedy

Structured rule representation is essential.
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Issues of form processing(3)

Management (Maintenance) of structured
rule

Centralized Management



By a Knowledge Engineer
Rule exchange using XRML (Push Service)
Knowledge Sharing
Achievement of Knowledge Management
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Illustrative RSL Revision Process
Step 1) RSL Rule Revision by Knowledge Engineer
Selection of revised RSL rule. For instance, the P-type
research fund can be paid out for travel expense.
<?xml version="1.0"?>
:
<RSLRuleGroupTitle>Budgetary Constraints for research fund</RSLRuleGroupTitle>
<RSLRuleBody><IF><statement>
<l.parn>(</l.parn>
:
<r.parn>)</r.parn>
</statement>
<statement>
<l.parn>(</l.parn>
<rel.operator>OR</rel.operator>
<l.parn>(</l.parn>
<l.parn>(</l.parn>
Added RSL Rule
<var>item</var>
<operator> IS </operator>
<value>travel_expense</value>
<r.parn>)</r.parn>
</statement>
</IF>
<THEN> …… </THEN>
</RSLRuleBody></rslrule></rsl>
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Part
Push Service by RSL Server
Step 2) Push service to ESA on Web Client
Intelligent
Agents
Initiate inference using a rule
named budgetary_appropriateness
RSL server
Update the rule named
budgetary_appropriateness
Monitoring
Monitoring web clients
Send to rule update message
Trigger the rule
Reply the acceptance message
Push the updated RSL rule
Parser receives the
updated rule
Transform to condition-action
type rule
Perform the inference
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Illustrative RIL Revision Process (1)
Browsed
Display
<HTML>
<p> Research budgets is organized within limits of the contract deposit and
distributed to each accounts. The use of research budget is as follows: </p>
<RIL>
HTML/RIL <RILHeader>
<RILTitle>budgetary appropriateness</RILTitle>
</RILHeader>
<RILBody>
If the <var>budgetary source</var> is the <val>type-P research fund</val>,
the spendable <var>items</var> are<val>student salary</val>and
<val>expenses for data collection</val> and <val>travel expense</val>
</RILBody>
</RIL>
<HTML>
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Illustrative RIL Revision Process

Consistency between RIL and RSL
RIL
<HTML>
RSL
<RSL>
<RSLRulegroupTitle>Budgetary Type Constraints</RSLRulegroupTitle>
<RSLRule>
<RSLRuleTitle>budgetary appropriateness</RSLRuleTitle>
<RSLRuleBbody>
<IF> (AND (<var>budgetary_source</var> IS <val>type-P research fund</val>)
(OR (<var>item</var> IS <val>student’s salary</val>)
(<var>item</var> IS <val>data collection expenses</val>)))</IF>
<THEN> <var>permission</var> IS <val>allowed</val> </THEN>
</RSLRulrBody></RSLRule></RSL>
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The research fund is …………..
……….
<RIL>
<RILHeader>
<RILTitle>budgetary appropriateness</RILTitle>
</RILHeader>
<RILBody>
If the <var>budgetary source</var> is the <val>type-P research fund</val>, the
spendable <var>items</var> are<val>student salary</val>and <val>expenses for data
collection</val></RILBody></RIL><HTML>
Illustrative Form Processing
Step 1) Form generation
Form template (RTL embed) is uploaded.
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Form processing on Web Client
Step 2) The RTL trigger ESA.
Step 2.1) ESA search a specific rule named
“budgetary appropriateness” in RB.
Step 2.2) The moment ESA triggered a rule, RSL
server push a rule if rule is changed.
Otherwise, ESA can triggered rule in its RB.
Step 3) Return to inference result to form.
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Remarks

XRML can be a useful automated form
processing on Internet
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4. Conclusions

Number of consulting unstructured
HTML files manually will be reduced.

Achieve the consistency management
between rules, web, and knowledge
processing.

Expandable to any application of
workflow.
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Document & Workflow Management System

Transcript Document & Workflow Management System

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