Transcript Document

Part 2: Parts of Personality
Chapter 6: Mental Abilities and…
Getting Started
Mental Abilities and Skills
Focus on Hot Intelligences and Creativity
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Copyright © 2007 Allyn & Bacon
Mayer’s Personality: A Systems Approach
Part 2: Parts of Personality
Chapter 6: Mental Abilities and…
What Are Some Major Mental Abilities?
Defining Intelligence
• Most important: The capacity to carry out abstract
reasoning (similarities, differences, accurate
generalizations)
• Adaptation and adjustment
– Stern: the general capacity of an individual to adjust
• Learning
– Hennon: capacity for knowledge and knowledge
possessed
• Neural approaches
– Pinter: modifiability of the nervous system
© Copyright 2006 Allyn & Bacon
Mayer’s Personality: A Systems Approach
Part 2: Parts of Personality
Chapter 6: Mental Abilities and…
Are There Additional Mental Abilities?
What is “hot?”
• “Hot” information is motivational,
emotional, or social information of direct
importance or concern to the individual.
• Hot mental abilities are abilities to process
and cope with such personally meaningful
and important information
© Copyright 2006 Allyn & Bacon
Mayer’s Personality: A Systems Approach
Part 2: Parts of Personality
Chapter 6: Mental Abilities and…
Are There Additional Mental Abilities?
Social Intelligence
• E. L. Thorndike (1920) first described social
intelligence as “The ability to understand and
manage men and women, boys and girls – to act
wisely…”
• Appeared to correlated so highly with general IQ
as not to be distinct.
• Research on social intelligence slowed and was
unattended to for much of the second half of the
20th century
© Copyright 2006 Allyn & Bacon
Mayer’s Personality: A Systems Approach
Part 2: Parts of Personality
Chapter 6: Mental Abilities and…
Are There Additional Mental Abilities?
Emotional Intelligence
• First sustained theory and measure of
emotional intelligence (Mayer & Salovey,
1990; Salovey & Mayer, 1990)
• Popularization of emotional intelligence
(Goleman, 1995)
• Huge research endeavor thereafter
© Copyright 2006 Allyn & Bacon
Mayer’s Personality: A Systems Approach
Part 2: Parts of Personality
Chapter 6: Mental Abilities and…
Are There Additional Mental Abilities?
Emotional Intelligence.
• Emotions Are Signals about
Relationships and Related
Actions
• Each emotion means
something and operates in a
particular way.
• An emotion is, in some
sense, like a piece on a
chessboard; each emotion
has its own function and set
of moves.
© Copyright 2006 Allyn & Bacon
Mayer’s Personality: A Systems Approach
Chapter 6: Mental Abilities and…
Part 2: Parts of Personality
Are There Additional Mental Abilities?
Emotional Intelligence.
Emotional Intelligence
Managing Emotions
Four Branch
Model of
Emotional
Intelligence
Understanding Emotions
(Mayer & Salovey, 1997;
Salovey & Mayer, 1990)
Facilitating Thought
Perceiving Emotions
© Copyright 2006 Allyn & Bacon
Mayer’s Personality: A Systems Approach
Part 2: Parts of Personality
Chapter 6: Mental Abilities and…
Are There Additional Mental Abilities?
Emotional Intelligence.
The Mayer-Salovey-Caruso
Emotional Intelligence
Test (MSCEIT)
Another Example:
Question: A blend of regret,
sentimental feelings, love,
and loss might lead to
what feeling?
Answer: nostalgia
© Copyright 2006 Allyn & Bacon
Mayer’s Personality: A Systems Approach
Part 2: Parts of Personality
Chapter 6: Mental Abilities and…
How Does Personality Express Its Abilities?
How is Emotional Intelligence Expressed?
• Stronger, closer relationships
• Fewer fights and conflicts
• Less drug abuse, alcohol abuse
© Copyright 2006 Allyn & Bacon
Mayer’s Personality: A Systems Approach
Part 2: Parts of Personality
Chapter 6: Mental Abilities and…
Are There Additional Mental Abilities?
Defining Creativity
• Definition: The ability to come up with
many novel solutions to problems
© Copyright 2006 Allyn & Bacon
Mayer’s Personality: A Systems Approach
Part 2: Parts of Personality
Chapter 6: Mental Abilities and…
Are There Additional Mental Abilities?
Measuring Creativity
• Alternate Uses
– How many uses can you come up with for a
shoe?
• Verbal Fluency
– What words rhyme with nation?
• Remote Associates
– What goes with: MATE, CLASS, & STORE?
© Copyright 2006 Allyn & Bacon
Mayer’s Personality: A Systems Approach
Chapter 6: Mental Abilities and…
Part 2: Parts of Personality
How Do Personality and Intelligence Relate?
Causes
• Educational
– 1 year of school = 2 IQ points
– Each time you hear me, your IQ goes up .02 points!
• Biological
– Neural transmission speed studies
• Choice reaction time
– Brain size studies
• Brain scanning results
– IQ is highly heritable
© Copyright 2006 Allyn & Bacon
Mayer’s Personality: A Systems Approach
Part 2: Parts of Personality
Chapter 6: Mental Abilities and…
How Does Personality Express Its Abilities?
How is IQ Expressed?
Life Status
Primary school rank in class
Correlation with IQ
r = .50
Secondary school rank in class r = .45-.50
High School grades
r = .60
Freshman GPA
r = .44*
*The r between IQ and SAT’s is .80
© Copyright 2006 Allyn & Bacon
Mayer’s Personality: A Systems Approach
Chapter 6: Mental Abilities and…
Part 2: Parts of Personality
How Does Personality Express Its Abilities?
How is IQ Expressed?
Educational Level
Average IQ
Primary School
100
Secondary School
110
College
118
Professional School
126
© Copyright 2006 Allyn & Bacon
Mayer’s Personality: A Systems Approach
Part 2: Parts of Personality
Chapter 6: Mental Abilities and…
How Does Personality Express Its Abilities?
How is Creativity Expressed?
• Greater output of
products (books, poems,
music, scientific
achievements) judged as
creative
• Longer, delayed, career
attainments
• Novel or unusual career
paths
© Copyright 2006 Allyn & Bacon
Mayer’s Personality: A Systems Approach