Which family has 4 valence electrons?

A) B) C) D) E) F) Alkaline metals family Alkaline earth metals family Boron family Carbon family Nitrogen family Oxygen family

Which family has 2 valence electrons?

A) B) C) D) E) F) Alkaline metals family Alkaline earth metals family Boron family Carbon family Nitrogen family Oxygen family

Which family has 7 valence electrons?

A) B) C) D) E) F) Carbon family Noble gas family Halogen family Alkaline earth metals family Nitrogen family Oxygen family

Choose all the metals

A) B) C) D) E) F) Na (sodium) K (potassium) P (phosphorus) N (nitrogen) C (carbon) Li (lithium)

Chemical Bonds

Ionic and Covalent Bonds

Ionic Bonds

 Transfer electrons from one atom to another atom to form a stable bond  Occurs between metals and non-metals  Stable because both atoms have filled outer energy level (8 valence electrons)

Formation of Ionic Bonds

Atom that gives electron Atom that takes electron Becomes positively (+) charged Cation Becomes negatively (-) charged Anion Na+ Cl-

Formation of Ionic Bonds

Stable Electron Configuration = filled outer energy level (8 electrons)



Formation of Ionic Bonds

When giving electrons  When taking electrons (non metals) => atoms (metals) => atoms act act like stable noble like stable noble gases gases How many electrons would sodium

give

?

What noble gas would it acting as?

How many electrons would oxygen

take

?

What noble gas would it acting as?

Chemical Formulas

DRAW THE IONS (charge) THAT EACH ATOM FORMS Li and F Ca and Cl Li and N Ba and F  Write the chemical formula between the two atoms

How many electrons would calcium give?

A) B) C) D) E) F) 1 2 3 4 5 6

How many electrons would Fluorine take?

A) B) C) D) E) F) 6 5 4 3 2 1

Predict the chemical formula be between Na(sodium) and O(oxygen).

A) B) C) D) E) F) NaO Na 2 O ONa 2 O 2 Na 2 NaO 2 Na 2 O 2

Predict the chemical formula between Be(beryllium) and S(sulfur).

A) B) C) D) E) F) BeS Be 2 S 2 Be 2 S SBe S 2 Be 2 BeS 2

Predict the following chemical formula between Li(lithium) and Cl(chlorine).

A) B) C) D) E) F) Li 2 Cl 2 Cl 2 Li 2 Li 2 Cl ClLi LiCl 2 LiCl

Choose all the non metals

A) B) C) D) E) F) Na (sodium) K (potassium) P (phosphorus) N (nitrogen) C (carbon) Li (lithium)

Covalent Bonds

 Valence electrons between two bonding atoms are shared to form a stable bond  Occurs between non-metals  Give 3 examples of non-metals  Stable because both atoms have filled outer energy level (8 valence electrons)

Covalent Bonds

Both atoms share valence electrons Attraction with shared electrons Cause => covalent bond

Types of Covalent Bonds

Polar Covalent Bonds  Non Polar Covalent Bonds Electrons are not shared equally  Electrons are shared equally   1 atom of the molecule has a negative charge 1 atom of the molecule has a positive charge  Atoms in molecule have opposite pull and cancel each other out

Attraction between Polar Molecules

 Negatively charged sides of polar molecules can form bonds with positive sides of other molecules **called hydrogen bonds**

Select the following compounds that have ionic bonds (multiple answers) A) B) C) D) E) F) NaCl MgCl 2 CO 2 O 2 OF 2 Cs 2 S

Predict the chemical formula between Na and Br.

A) B) C) D) E) F) BrNa Br 2 Na NaBr NaBr 2 Na 2 Br 2 Br 2 Na 2

Predict the chemical formula between Zn +2 (zinc) and Cl(chlorine) A) B) C) D) E) F) ZnCl Zn 2 Cl ClZn ZnCl 2 Cl 2 Zn Zn 2 Cl 2