Transcript Role of MEMS in Homeland Security

Shekhar Bhansali
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First of all, what is MEMS ?
• MEMS stands for Micro Electro Mechanical Systems.
• It is a technique of combining Electrical and Mechanical
components together on a chip, to produce a system of
miniature dimensions ..
• By miniature, we mean dimensions less than the
thickness of human hair !!!!
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The wonder called nanotechnology
• Nanotechnology is the technology of arranging atoms and
molecules in a material.
• This allows to alter the properties of a material and build
structures of desired features.
• A nanometer is one-billionth of a meter.
• Nanotechnology makes it possible to manufacture devices
80,000 times smaller than the thickness of human hair !!
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A simple analogy..
• The atoms in an object can
be compared to the blocks
in a building game.
• In a building game, the
blocks can be arranged to
create different looking
structures.
• Similarly, atoms can be
arranged differently to
produce a multitude of
devices. This forms the basis
of nanotechnology.
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Outline
• Introduction to MEMS technology
• Introduction to Homeland Security
• Application of MEMS to Homeland
Security
– Military
– Biometric Identification
– Bio-terrorism
– Marine Security
• Conclusion
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Homeland Security
• Homeland Security refers to
protection of territory, domestic
population and critical
infrastructure against external
threats and aggression.
• September 11 attacks and the
bio-terrorism threats have
made Department of
Homeland Security a focal
point in defending the nation
against terrorist attacks.
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Application of Mems in Homeland
Security
•
•
•
•
Homeland Defense – Military Applications
Biometric Identification Sensors
Defense against Bio-terrorism
Marine Security
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Military Applications of MEMS
• Development of agile
and advanced military
warfare
• Faster access to
information in all
domains –
AIR, SEA & LAND
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MEMS based Optical Identification and
Communication Systems (MOICS)
http://www.tanner.com/Labs/research/technologies/moics/optical_comm.htm
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MOICS
This system would ensure secure communication
between sensors in Hazardous environment on
battlefields without use of expensive positioning system.
Controller
Modulated laser
Data
Extract
Data
Receive
Data
Signal with data
MEMS mirrors
Interrogate unit
Remote unit
MEMS
Mirrors
http://mems.colorado.edu/c1.res.ppt/ppt/oe.review/ppt.htm?
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Multisensor Microcluster
• This system includes microsensors for measurement of
temperature, pressure, humidity
and position.
• Applications :
 Environmental Monitoring
 Health Monitoring
http://www.eecs.umich.edu/~wise/Research/Overview/Wise_Research.pdf
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MEMS POLYCHROMATOR
Imagine a soldier on a battlefield looking through a pair of
binoculars and detecting from afar the nature of gas being emitted
in a smoke cloud. There's no need to obtain a sample of the gas or
even get close to it. Instead, the detection is made from a safe one
or two miles away using a POLYCHROMATOR employing MEMS to
analyze the chemical Species.
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MEMS MAGNETOMETER
•
MEMS magnetometer coupled
with wireless systems can
detect tanks, trucks or
terrorists with weapons hiding
in caves upto depths of 100
feet.
•
MEMS Magnetometer sense
change in earths Magnetic
field without any drive current
http://www.ee.ucla.edu/research/judylab/research/jeffresearch/
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Navigation systems
• “Global Hawk”- High-altitude Unmanned
Aerial Vehicle (UAV) employing MEMS
accelerometer, was flown over
battlefields in Iraq for obtaining detailed
views of what was happening on the
ground (surveillance).
• Development of Inertial Navigation
systems using MEMS technology
coupled with Global Positioning
Systems (GPS) to accurately guide
projectiles to target.
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Handheld Explosive Detectors
• Miniature micro-machined
silicon cantilever structures
coated with sensitive polymer
that detect vapors given off by
explosives
• Applications:
 Explosive detection
technology
for airport and
building
 Detection of land mines
 Environmental security
 Public safety applications.
Array of Cantilevers that bend in
presence of explosives
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http://www.smalltimes.com/document_display.cfm?document_id=6637
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Detection of Land Mines
SMART DUST
• Chemical sensors used for detection of land mines
unlikely to be detected by Remote Sensing techniques.
• The suspected areas are crop dusted with sensors
which react with target chemical to produce a fluorescent
pattern later detected by light detection techniques.
• Advantage : more reliable than other detection systems
which have high false alarm rate.
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Pico-satellites
Use of Radio frequency MEMS Switches in pico-satellites for
communication with ground based Antennas
http://www.aip.org/tip/INPHFA/vol-7/iss-1/p26.pdf
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Fingerprint Identification
MEMS in
Biometrics
Facial Recognition
Iris and Retinal
Identification
www.autostar.com.sg/ biometric_solution.html
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Biometric Identification
• Reliable, low cost and convenient method of uniquely
identifying individuals by measuring certain physical and
behavioral characteristics
• This sample is then compared with the template or
signature, based on the same characteristics established
as unique identity of that individual and stored in the
security system
• Characteristics: Finger prints, Palm prints, Retina and iris
patterns, face patterns, voice, gait.
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Tactim
• Sensory receptors in the
finger tip have the ability to
produce unique personal
sound wave specific to each
individual.
• MEMS sensors are used to
record the sound produced
by the rubbing of the middlefingertip of a person on a
wooden plate, thereby
providing an authentication
system
www.tactim.com
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MEMS based Fingerprint Sensors
• Determines Finger surface
structure independent of
moisture conditions.
• The sensor is composed of
an array of 60,000 pixels,
with each pixel having
sensing circuit comprising
102 transistors.
• A finger ridge is detected as
the result of mechanical
deformation of each pixel
http://www.eetimes.com/at/news/OEG20011114S0068
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Defense against Bio-terrorism
• Recent bio-terrorism in the
form of anthrax attacks
demands sensors to detect
the presence of biological
weapons such as airborne
bacteria, viruses and other
pathogens
• Technology:
BioMems
lab on a chip
Nanotechnology
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Micro-Chem. Lab
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http://www.sandia.gov/mstc/technologies/microanalytical/index.html
Detection using µ-Chem lab
• A chemical signature -- or
fingerprint -- is created by
separating constituents with
chromatography, a process
of moving the mixture
through separation channels
containing a variety of
materials. Within about a
minute, a small display
screen flashes the name and
quantity of the components.
• The technique detects
compounds at the part per
billion level of
concentrations.
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15 Minutes of FAME
• Advantage: low power requirements, low cost,
hand-held, and lightweight.
http://www.sandia.gov/mstc/technologies/microanalytical/analytic-system.html
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Electronic Tongue
www.utexas.edu/.../99oc_issues/ oc990120/oc_tongue2.html
MEMS Sensors act as “TASTE BUDS” to identify
chemical Components in Liquids
•
• Incorporates number of chemical sensors generating an
electronic fingerprint of the tastes.
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Use of Nanotechnology
• Use of gold nano-particles to
detect life-threatening
bacteria and viruses such as
anthrax and HIV
• This technique is used is
used for detecting specific
DNA sequences, the genetic
material that defines life.
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Coastline and Port Security
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Bottom Stationed Ocean Profiler
(BSOP)
•
Development of a 10 by 7 foot
Bottom Stationed Ocean
Profiler - autonomous
underwater vehicle
•
Incorporates chemical, physical
and biological micro-sensors
monitoring the waters for toxins
or explosives
•
The profiler sits underwater,
and surfaces on command to
collect data and radio it back to
the station.
http://isis2.admin.usf.edu/ur/usfmagazine/spring02/rip1.html
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Torpedo activation using MEMS
• Torpedos generally carry a arming sensor that
determines whether conditions are right for the torpedos
to detonate.
• Mems device are incorporated as arming sensor that are
integrated with signal processing electronics and
algorithms that
 determine when to arm the torpedo
 Makes the torpedos target specific
Shekhar Bhansali
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Conclusion
• MEMS and Nanotechnology are the trends
enabling Homeland Security.
• Research and development in this field would
provide means to anticipate, deter and defend
against terrorist threats and secure our borders
against any kind of aggression
Shekhar Bhansali
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