7. Web – Break with Rome – 1

Transcript 7. Web – Break with Rome – 1

The Field of the Cloth of Gold

Description: The meeting between Henry VIII and Francis I, known

as the Field of the Cloth of Gold, took place between 7 to 24 June 1520 in a valley subsequently called the Val d’Or, near Guisnes to the south of Calais. The event derived its name from the sumptuousness of the materials used for the tents, pavilions and other furnishings. It was a spectacle of grandeur. The meeting between Henry VIII and Francis I, known as the Field of the Cloth of Gold, took place between 7 to 24 June 1520 in a valley subsequently called the Val d’Or, near Guisnes to the south of Calais. The event derived its name from the sumptuousness of the materials used for the tents, pavilions and other furnishings. It was a spectacle of the greatest magnificence and the several artists responsible for this painting have made a fairly accurate visual summary of the various festivities that took place during the meeting of the two kings.

http://www.royalcollection.org.uk/collection/405794/the-field-of-the-cloth-of-gold

The Field of the Cloth of Gold

The English party was based at the town of Guisnes, seen in the left half of the painting. The king entered the town on 5 June accompanied by Catherine of Aragon, who appears not to be represented in the procession. Several member of the king’s suite on horseback can be identified: Sir Thomas Wriothesley, Garter King of Arms, and Thomas Grey, Marquess of Dorset, who carries the Sword of State, precede the king. Cardinal Wolsey is alongside, with his cross-bearer riding ahead. Catherine of Aragon may be the female figure dining in the tent at the extreme right or she may be in the litter behind that tent, accompanied by ladies-in-waiting.

http://www.royalcollection.org.uk/collection/405794/the-field-of-the-cloth-of-gold

The Field of the Cloth of Gold

The right hand foreground is dominated by a palace, specially erected for the occasion by six thousand men from England and Flanders sent ahead of the royal party. The palace was set on brickwork foundations, but the walls and roof were made of canvas painted to look like a solid structure. The framework was of timber specially imported from the Netherlands, the windows of real glass and the façade was adorned with sculpture. Two fountains in front of the palace provided wine and beer for people's consumption (the over-indulgence of which leads some of the figures in the painting being sick or engaging in brawling). Behind the temporary palace are the King’s golden dining tent and the ovens and tents in which the King’s meals were prepared. The formal meeting between Henry VIII and Francis I takes place in the rich tent at the centre background.

http://www.royalcollection.org.uk/collection/405794/the-field-of-the-cloth-of-gold

The Field of the Cloth of Gold

To the right is the tournament field with the two kings and their queens watching the events from the side. In the corner of the field stands the tree of honour. In the top left of the painting is the dragon (or salamander) firework, which was released on 23 June. The tents used by lesser members of the royal suite stretch into the background, with Calais and Ardres (where the seemingly much smaller French party were based) seen in the distance.

The painting was probably a collaboration of artists 25 years after the event. http://www.royalcollection.org.uk/collection/405794/the-field-of-the-cloth-of-gold

EXAM PRACTICE: p. 79 – 80, RED Book RCP + US + 5 IMSS + 2 OK + 4 (AQE) + 3 OK + 2 PP + 4 (DQE) + 3 OK + 2 PP + 6 TC = 40

Do you agree with the suggestion in source N that Henry and Wolsey conducted an

effective

foreign policy in the years

1515 - 1525

? Use

sources L, M, N and your own knowledge. (40 marks) – PS: Sara, ‘likes tall people.’ Jan 28, 2014 And Elly Hardy said, “Honesty is the inevitable policy.” Jan 28, 2014

Both -ish – was Effective b/c grandeur of event but not much accomplished.

Disagrees – was problematic and expensive. Caused turmoil.

Both – ‘failed to bring great gains ... “ but, “... Henry and Wolsey did well to ... Win glory, honour and prestige ... “

EXAM PRACTICE: p. 79 – 80, RED Book RCP + US + 5 IMSS + 2 OK + 4 (AQE) + 3 OK + 2 PP + 4 (DQE) + 3 OK + 2 PP + 6 TC = 40

Do you agree with the suggestion in source N that Henry and Wolsey conducted an

effective

foreign policy in the years

1515 - 1525

? Use

sources L, M, N and your own knowledge. (40 marks)

PP – Focus on

RELIABILITY

for primary sources and

USEFULNESS

for secondary sources

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DATE: February 10, 2015 TOPIC: Henry’s Break with Rome (Part 1) - The King’s Great Matter 1527-1532 REVIEW: 40 marker - pages 79 and 80. Do you agree with the suggestion in source N that Henry and Wolsey conducted an effective foreign policy in the years 1515 - 1525? Use sources L, M, N and your own knowledge. (40 marks) OBJECTIVES: 16. Explain why Henry sought an annulment of his marriage to Catherine of Aragon.

17. Describe the consequences of Henry’s failure to attain a divorce through Rome.

KNOWLEDGE DEVELOPMENT 1: 1. Review pages 174 - 177 (green ).  What is surprising? What’s NOT surprising? 2. Read pages 105 - 110 (green ). Take notes. Causes of the Break with Rome:  Imperial troops (HRE) sacked Rome in May 1527 and Pope Clement VII taken prisoner.  Henry’s desire for a male heir  Role of the Anne Boleyn Faction  State of the Church and Reformist Ideas  Henry’s desire for more power  Henry’s need to increase revenue  Henry’s own conscience

TOPIC: Assessing Wolsey OBJECTIVE: 10. Describe how Wolsey lost power and favour by 1529. KNOWLEDGE DEVELOPMENT: 4. What are the two main reasons Henry VIII lost faith in Wolsey? p. 53 • Henry’s government was becoming increasing unpopular - Anglo-French alliance disrupted trade with the Low Countries.

• Wolsey’s failure to solve the Great Matter - his rise through the ranks was intended to garner royal influence over the Church. • • • • 5. What prevented Wolsey from securing Henry VIII’s divorce? p. 54 - 55 • As Legate a latere Wolsey could annul the marriage ONLY with Papal confirmation.

• Catherine opposed the annulment or divorce and used her influence (in Rome and with nephew, Charles V) to thwart any proceedings. Pope Clement VII was taken prisoner in 1527 after Charles V sacked Rome.

The College of cardinals were reluctant to take action in Avignon.

Cardinal Campeggio was instructed to delay proceedings. • Court open at Blackfriars on March 31, 1529 and closes July 23rd - no decision. On October 9, 1529 Wolsey is charged with

praemunire

and died on Nov 24, 1530.

TOPIC: Henry VIII and the Quest for International Influence BACKGROUND: Use pages 174 - 175 of Green book Henry had a number of aims in foreign policy: 1. To be ‘the most goodliest prince that ever reigned over the realm of England’.

 To replace the legendary Henry V 2. Pursuing an ambitious and aggressive policy towards the French.  All English Kings since Edward the III (1327 - 1377 ) claimed the title of King of France. 3. Honour and glory.

 Henry had a mindset of achieving honour and glory through war - Warrior King. 4. Maintaining links with the Netherlands / Low countries.  England’s cloth trade depended heavily on Antwerp - and on an alliance with HRE.

 Loyalty and support from English nobles required friendship with Low countries.

5. Peacemaker of Europe - Arbiter of Peace. 6. Securing his dynasty.  Henry pulled all the punches in an attempt to have a male heir, and to marry off his sister (Mary) and his daughter (Mary) to gain favour.

7. Collecting his pension.   Both Henry’s (VII and VIII) received pensions for English lands lost in France. War turned out to be expensive and the pension was, in the end, a good option.

DATE: February 10, 2015 TOPIC: Henry’s Break with Rome (Part 1) - The King’s Great Matter 1527-1532 OBJECTIVES: 16. Explain why Henry sought an annulment of his marriage to Catherine of Aragon.

17. Describe the consequences of Henry’s failure to attain a divorce through Rome.

KNOWLEDGE DEVELOPMENT 2: 1. Read pages 105 - 110 (green).

What factors contributed to Henry VIII’s break with Rome in the end of 1534?

2. Summarise the meanings of the following: • Reformation Break with Rome Divorce 3. Why did Henry VIII want to annul his marriage to Catherine? p. 106 4. Review the events on pages 106-107 and 161-164 (green). How are the political events from the same period crucial to the annulment proceedings? Review class notes from January 25 th and 30 th . (hints: Feb/Aug 1525 , 1526-1527 , May 1527, July 1529, Oct 1529, Jan 1530, May 1532, Dec 1532, Jan 1533 ) 5 . Read pages 162 - 163 (green). Why is Hans Holbein’s,

The Ambassadors

in source 11.8 so significant to this topic? Discuss.

TOPIC: Henry’s Break with Rome (Part 1) - The King’s Great Matter 1527-1532 OBJECTIVES: 1. Explain why Henry sought an annulment of his marriage to Catherine of Aragon. 2. Describe the consequences of Henry’s failure to attain a divorce through Rome.

KNOWLEDGE DEVELOPMENT: 1. Factors contributing to Henry VIII’s break with Rome:  1) Henry’s desire for a male heir 4) Role of the Anne Boleyn Faction  2 ) State of the Church and Reformist Ideas 5) Henry’s own conscience  3) Henry’s desire for more power 6) Henry’s need to increase revenue 2. Meanings: •  Reformation - movement in the early 16th cent. aimed at reforming the abuses of the C. Church and ended with separate ‘reformed’ churches (Protestant) free from Papal control; debate over its speed (QUICK - from disgruntled general public or SLOW - from political leadership) • • Break with Rome - only applies in a legal sense through the legislation of the ‘Reformation Parliament (1529-36), and not an end to Catholicism in England (even Henry VIII continued to practice as a Catholic) Divorce - is not the exact term used to describe attempts by Henry VIII to end his marriage with Catherine; ANNULMENT states that the marriage was never valid in the first place and only the Pope had the right to grant an annulment.

• • KNOWLEDGE DEVELOPMENT: 3. By 1527 Henry VIII wants to annul his marriage to Catherine: • Believed it was against God’s will Wanted a new wife and a chance at a male heir Had genuinely fallen in love with Anne Boleyn • • 4. Review the importance of political events: p. 161 • 1527 was a ‘sick mixture’ of religion and politics. May 1527 - Charles V sacked Rome and imprisoned Pope Clement (1523-34). Precedents had allowed the Pope to annul Henry VIII’s marriage, but by 1527 Charles V had complete control over Clement VII.

• • Wolsey attempted a military solution to restore the Pope’s independence (England and France declared war on Charles V in 1528) and trade was suspended with the Habsburgs’ Netherlands - English textile merchants PROTESTS ensued and trade was restored. Cardinal Campeggio arrived to England in October 1528 but proceedings for the annulment case were delayed when news of the Spanish Brief was discovered (in 1503 Pope Julius II sent a letter to Catherine’s mother, Isabella, clearing up any problems surrounding the marriage of Catherine to Henry). Henry and the English wanted to examine it but the Spanish refused.

KNOWLEDGE DEVELOPMENT: 4. Review the importance of political events: p. 161 • Wolsey attempted to circumvent the Pope by claiming that Clement VII was held captive but a council of French Cardinals were reluctant to take on the matter.

• • • Annulment proceedings began in May 1529 at the Blackfriars (with Wolsey and Cardinal Campeggio), but Clement was playing for time and still under Charles V’s control (Treaty of Barcelona and Peace of Cambrai reveal Henry’s plight). Catherine appeared before Campeggio’s legatine court hearing in June 1529 and refused to cooperate in the annulment proceeding or enter a nunnery. She pleaded with Henry to remain loyal claiming their marriage was legitimate. She wanted to protect her reputation and the legitimacy of her daughter, Mary. Charles V refused to see his aunt wronged and humiliated. • • Campeggio's court adjourned in July 1529 without a verdict. It did not reconvene.

October 1529 - Wolsey was stripped of his government office and property, including his magnificently expanded residence of Hampton Court. He was charged with

praemunire

and called to London. Wolsey fell ill and died on the way, at Leicester on 29 November 1530.

Henry VIII Mind of a Tyrant Part 3 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FDobH-K3wWc&noredirect=1

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pope_Clement_VII Pope Clement VII (26 May 1478 – 25 September 1534), born Giulio di Giuliano de' Medici, was a cardinal from 1513 to 1523 and was Pope from 1523 to 1534.

Hans Holbein

the Younger Born: 1497, Augsburg, Germany Died: 1543, London, U.K.

He was a German artist and printmaker who worked in a Northern Renaissance style. He portrayed the nobility of the Tudor court. With the spread of the Reformation in Northern Europe the demand for religious images declined and artists sought alternative work. Holbein first travelled to England in 1526 with a recommendation to Thomas More from the scholar Erasmus. In 1532 he settled in England, dying of the plague in London in 1543.

http://www.nationalgallery.org.uk/artists/hans-holbein-the-younger and http://www.hans-holbein.org/home-1-96-1-0.html

Read pages 162 - 163 (green). Why is Hans Holbein’s,

The Ambassadors

in source 11.8 so significant to this topic? Discuss.

The Ambassadors

(1533) is a painting by Hans Holbein the Younger in the National Gallery, London. As well as being a double portrait, the painting contains a still life of several meticulously rendered objects, the meaning of which is the cause of much debate. It is also a much-cited example of anamorphosis (distorted projection or perspective requiring the viewer to use special devices ) in painting.

This picture memorialises two wealthy, educated and powerful young men. On the left is Jean de Dinteville, aged 29, French ambassador to England in 1533. To the right stands his friend, Georges de Selve, aged 25, bishop of Lavaur, who acted on several occasions as ambassador to the Emperor, the Venetian Republic and the Holy See.

Significance

(1533) The picture is in a tradition showing learned men with books and instruments. The objects on the upper shelf include a celestial globe, a portable sundial and various other instruments used for understanding the heavens and measuring time. Among the objects on the lower shelf is a lute, a case of flutes, a hymn book, a book of arithmetic and a terrestrial globe.

Certain details could be interpreted as references to contemporary religious divisions. The broken lute string, for example, may signify religious discord, while the Lutheran hymn book may be a plea for Christian harmony. In the foreground is the distorted image of a skull, a symbol of mortality. When seen from a point to the right of the picture the distortion is corrected.

http://www.nationalgallery.org.uk/paintings/hans-holbein-the younger-the-ambassadors

DATE: February 15, 2015 TOPIC: Henry’s Break with Rome (Part 1) - The King’s Great Matter 1527-1532 OBJECTIVES: 16. Explain why Henry sought an annulment of his marriage to Catherine of Aragon. 17. Describe the consequences of Henry’s failure to attain a divorce through Rome.

REVIEW KD: 6. Review the political and religious events from 1527 - 1533 by answering the ACTIVITY questions 1 - 23 on pages 164 ( green ). SKILL DEVELOPMENT: 1. Read sources 9.1 and 9.2 on page 107 (green). What is the key difference between the interpretations of Ives and Scarisbrick?

2. According to Virginia Murphy and L.B. Smith, what chiefly motivated Henry to seek an annulment from Catherine in May 1527? p. 108 3. Read sources 9.3. 9.4, 9.5 and 9.6 on page 109. Summarise the arguments of these historians. 4. Read sources 9.7, 9.8 and 9.9 on page 110. What do these tell us about Henry?

SKILL DEVELOPMENT: 1. Sources 9.1 and 9.2 on p. 107 - key difference between Ives and Scarisbrick: • • Ives - relationship between Henry VIII and Anne Boleyn progressed AFTER

decided on an annulment from Catherine in May 1527

Scarisbrick - Henry pursued Anne since 1525 and his feelings grew deep.

Henry

2. V. Murphy and L.B. Smith - motivated Henry to seek annulment in May 1527: • Henry’s growing obsession that his marriage was against God’s law.

• • Henry insisted God’s judgment was stated in Leviticus 20:21 - ‘If a man shall take his brother’s wife, it is an unclean thing … they shall be without children.’ Henry wanted his male heir to be the offspring of a legitimate marriage. 3. Read sources 9.3. 9.4, 9.5 and 9.6 on page 109. Summarise the arguments of these historians. 4. Read sources 9.7, 9.8 and 9.9 on page 110. What do these tell us about Henry?

SKILL DEVELOPMENT: 3. Source 9.3

V. Murphy - Henry believed he was being punished .

Source 9.4

E. Ives - Henry believed God had spoken to him by withholding a legitimate male heir. As a devout Christian, he had to obey … and seek the annulment. Source 9.5 L.B. Smith - Henry cannot deny the truth and conscience dicates the need for annulment. Source 9.6

P. Gwyn - Henry pursued the annulment because he lusted after Anne. 4. Sources 9.7, 9.8 and 9.9 on page 110 tell us:

Anne Boleyn

Henry and Anne married on 25 January 1533. On 23 May 1533, Cranmer declared Henry and Catherine's marriage null and void; five days later, he declared Henry and Anne's marriage to be good and valid. Shortly afterwards, the first break between the Church of England and Rome took place. Anne was crowned Queen of England on 1 June 1533. On 7 September, she gave birth to the future Elizabeth I of England. By March 1536, Henry was courting Jane Seymour and had Anne investigated for adultery and incest. On 2 May, she was arrested and sent to the Tower of London, where she was tried and found guilty on 15 May. She was beheaded four days later on Tower Green. Following the coronation of her daughter, Elizabeth, as queen, Anne was venerated as a martyr and heroine of the English Reformation

TOPIC: Henry’s Break with Rome (Part 1) - The King’s Great Matter 1527-1532 OBJECTIVES: OBJECTIVES: 16. Explain why Henry sought an annulment of his marriage to Catherine of Aragon. 17. Describe the consequences of Henry’s failure to attain a divorce through Rome.

KNOWLEDGE DEVELOPMENT: 1. Read source A on page 83 (red). • What impression do you get about Henry’s feelings toward Catherine? QTS.

• What impression do you get of Henry’s religious feelings? QTS. 2. Read sources B and C on page 84 (red). What two books from the Bible were used to clarify Henry’s case for annulment of his marriage to Catherine? QTS 3. What argument did Henry make to push for annulment? p. 84 red (Use the Exam tip on p. 86 too.) 4. Catherine disputed Henry’s claims. What did Henry need to prove? p. 84

TOPIC: Henry’s Break with Rome (Part 1) - The King’s Great Matter 1527-1532 OBJECTIVES: 16. Explain why Henry sought an annulment of his marriage to Catherine of Aragon. 17. Describe the consequences of Henry’s failure to attain a divorce through Rome.

KNOWLEDGE DEVELOPMENT: 5. Read source D on page 85 (red). • • Why is Anne thanking Henry?

This letter was written in 1526. Do you sense any feelings other than gratitude toward Henry? QTS. 6. Read page 86 (red). List four reasons that may have motivated Henry to seek an annulment (annulment incentives).

• • Henry’s love for Anne Henry’s conscience - God was angry and Henry was set on ending the marriage.

• Stability of the realm and Tudor dynasty rested on the succession of a legitimate son and heir - a female sovereign was unthinkable.

• Precedents were available to Henry and the Pope.

HENRY’S PROBLEMS ATTAINING A DIVORCE: 1. Read source E on page 87 (red). • What do you think Henry’s main point is? QTS. 2. What political event was problematic for Henry’s annulment case? p. 87 3. What manoeuvre did Wolsey attempt in 1527? How did it turn into a problem for Henry? p. 88 4. Pope Clement VII was in a bind to help Henry. What options were at Henry’s disposal? What was Henry’s legitimate concern? p. 88 5. How did Catherine appear problematic for Henry’s annulment proceedings? p. 89 6. April 1528 - Pope grants commission to hear case; Oct 1528 Campeggio arrives in England; Spanish brief argument; 31 March 1529 - Blackfriars (London): How do these events bode for Henry? p. 89

HENRY’S PROBLEMS ATTAINING A DIVORCE: 1. Source E on page 87 - Henry’s main point: • You dudes (mayor and nobles) have had a good life but must make sure you leave behind certainty for your children.

• • The ONLY way for certainty is that the future heir is in place.

Support my annulment case (b/c only a papal annulment is legitimate) - it helps all of us. 2. Problematic political event for Henry’s annulment case: • Charles V held real influence over Pope Clement VII (sacking of Rome, 1527 and Pope held until July, 1529).

• Papal policy was shaped largely by the wishes of Charles V. Henry’s conscience - God was angry and Henry was set on ending the marriage.

HENRY’S PROBLEMS ATTAINING A DIVORCE - Policy Shift? : 7. It appears that the royal policy between 1529 - 32 was moving away • from Rome / Papal oversight. Henry began by asserting authority over clergy in England. Read page 90 (red). What steps did Henry take to get Papal attention? 8. Identify the

Reformation Parliament

. 9 . Read source F on page 90. What was Simon Fish calling Henry to do?

10. Distinguish the stances of the

Radicals

and

Conservatives

. p. 91 11. Make a list of steps taken by Henry from 1530 - 1532 to make his case for annulment and then

Royal Supremacy

. p. 91 - 94 12. Summarise the roles of the four Thomas’ in Henry’s administration.

HENRY’S PROBLEMS ATTAINING A DIVORCE - Policy Shift? : 8. Identify the

Reformation Parliament

from 1529 – 1536, it established Royal Supremacy with legislation that was anti-clerical. It sent a warning to Rome and eventually severed ties with the Papacy, asserting Henry’s control of the C of E. Probate and Mortuaries Acts abolishing, reducing, or regulating Church fees

Pluralities Act

- forbidding the clergy in general to hold more than one benefice, and requiring residence, which was inconvenient for papal nominees

DATE: Feb 19, 2015 TOPIC: Henry’s Break with Rome (Part 1) - The King’s Great Matter 1527-1532 OBJECTIVES: 18. Identify the Reformation Parliament. 19. Discuss how royal policy changed between 1529 - 1532. • • • • REVIEW: • The

Reformation Parliament

Stance of

Radicals

Stance of

Conservatives

Steps taken by Henry from 1530 - 1532 (annulment and

Royal Supremacy

) The 4 Thomas’ - Wolsey - Cranmer - More - Cromwell

Reformation Parliament

- met from 1529 - 1536 and established the Royal Supremacy with legislation that was anti-clerical. It sent a warning to Rome and eventually severed ties with the Papacy, asserting Henry’s control of the C of E.

Probate and Mortuaries Acts

- abolishing, reducing, or regulating Church fees 

Pluralities Act

- forbidding the clergy in general to hold more than one benefice (clerical position), and requiring residence, which was inconvenient for papal nominees 10. Stance of

Radicals

- faction of men (Bishop Edward Foxe, Thomas Cranmer, Thomas Cromwell) that supported Anne Boleyn and advocated Royal Supremacy. They leaned toward Protestantism. 10. Stance of

Conservatives

- faction of men (Cardinal John Fisher, Bishop Cuthbert Tunstall, Bishop Henry Standish, Lord Chancellor Thomas More) that were traditionally minded bishops who supported Catherine of Aragon and advocated Papal Supremacy.

Radicals

Bishop Edward Foxe (1496 – 8 May 1538) was an English churchman, Bishop of Hereford. He was the most Lutheran of Henry VIII's bishops, and assisted in drafting the Ten Articles of 1536.

Thomas Cromwell -

(1485 – 28 July 1540) was an English statesman who served as King Henry VIII's chief minister from 1532 to 1540. Cromwell attempted to modernize government at the expense of the privileges of the nobility and church; as a result, he was seen as an upstart. He was one of the strongest advocates of the English Reformation, the English Church's break with the papacy in Rome. In 1538 he issued the injunction for a Bible in English. He was executed on Tower Hill on 28 July 1540, the same day that the king went on to marry Catherine Howard. After his execution, Cromwell's head was boiled and then set upon a spike on London Bridge, facing away from the City of London.

Radicals

Thomas Cranmer -

(July 1489 – 21 March 1556) was a leader of the English Reformation and Archbishop of Canterbury during the reigns of Henry VIII and Edward VI. He helped build a favourable case for Henry's divorce from Catherine of Aragon which resulted in the separation of the English Church from union with the Holy See. Along with Thomas Cromwell, he supported the principle of Royal Supremacy, in which the king was considered sovereign over the Church within his realm. He was enthroned on Dec 1, 1532 and officially appointed Archbishop of Canterbury on March 30, 1533. In May he pronounced Catherine’s marriage null and void. He then validated Henry’s marriage to Anne Boleyn from January, 1533. His English Litany (a form of prayer used in church services and processions with petitions and responses by the people) was authorised by Henry in 1544.

Conservatives

John Fisher (1469 - 1535) was a devoted servant of Lady Margaret Beaufort and Henry VII. He was a supporter of Catherine and insisted that the addition of ‘as far as Christ’s law allows’ be included in the Pardon of the Clergy (1531) as Henry’s title as sole protector and Supreme Head of the Church. He was executed on June 22, 1535. Cuthbert Tunstall (1474 – 18 November 1559) was an English church leader, diplomat, administrator and royal adviser. He served as Bishop of Durham during the reigns of Henry VIII, Edward VI, Mary I and Elizabeth I.

Conservatives

Thomas More - (1478 – July 6, 1535) was an English lawyer, philosopher, author, statesman and noted Renaissance humanist. He was an important counselor to Henry VIII of England and for three years toward the end of his life he was Lord Chancellor. He was an opponent of the Protestant Reformation and of Martin Luther, William Tyndale, Thomas Cranmer, Thomas Cromwell and King Henry VIII. Bishop Henry Standish (1475-1535) became Bishop of St. Asaph. He is known as an opponent of Erasmus in particular, and humanists in general. He was a Doctor of Divinity of the University of Oxford. and in 1505 Franciscan minister provincial for England. He preached for Henry VIII.

Royal Supremacy

)   Reformation Parliament Became convinced that reforming the corrupt clergy was his opportunity to assert authority over the English clergy.

 Published the opinions of seven of the ‘finest’ universities in Europe in 1531 that concluded Henry’s Levitical line, with his marriage, contravened divine law.  1530 - Edward Foxe and Thomas Cranmer put together the

Collectanea satis copiosa

which were a collection of historical precedents from English manuscripts and Anglo Saxon chronicles that supported Royal Supremacy.  Feb 1531 - The whole English Clergy were charged with praemunire for endorsing Wolsey’s papal posts and had to pay a fine of £118,000.

 1531 Pardon of the Clergy - was a title that referred to Henry as the sole protector and

Supreme Head of the English Church and clergy.

• The Thomas’ - Wolsey - Cranmer - More - Thomas Cromwell

TOPIC: Henry’s Break with Rome (Part 1) - The King’s Great Matter 1527-1532 OBJECTIVES: 18. Identify the Reformation Parliament. 19. Discuss how royal policy changed between 1529 - 1532. KNOWLEDGE DEVELOPMENT - pages 92 - 94: 1. Thomas Cromwell was the architect who established Royal Supremacy in England. From 1532 - 1540 he was Henry’s chief minister. 2. What was the Commons Supplication against the Ordinaries ? p. 93 3. What was the Act in Conditional Restraint of Annates passed by Parliament in March 1532? p. 93 4. What was the Submission of the Clergy ? p. 93 5. What event of December 1532 sped up Henry and Cromwell’s assertion of Royal Supremacy? p. 94

TOPIC: Henry’s Break with Rome (Part 1) - The King’s Great Matter 1527-1532 OBJECTIVES: 18. Identify the Reformation Parliament. and 19. Discuss how royal policy changed between 1529 - 1532. REVIEW / KD - pages 92 - 94: 1. Thomas Cromwell was the architect who established Royal Supremacy in England. From 1532 - 1540 he was Henry’s chief minister. 2. The Commons Supplication (petition) against the Ordinaries (Clerics maybe a Bishop ) : • A petition passed by the House of Commons in 1532 endorsing Henry’s proposed attack on the legislative independence of the Church in England. • •         listed various clerical abuses and demanded that Henry reform these, ie: The use of subtle questioning by ordinaries which often trapped ignorant men in heresy trials.

The expensive and inconvenient nuisance caused when laymen were ordered to appear in ecclesiastical courts outside their own dioceses. The use of excommunication for minor causes.

The excessive fees collected in Church courts.

The great charges made by ordinaries for institution of clergy into their benefices.

The conferring of ecclesiastical offices upon young persons whom the bishops called their nephews.

The large number of holy days that were observed with little devotion The secular offices held by clergymen. Convocation (parliament / assembly of the Clergy) was regulated in making canon laws.

The House of Commons - 1843

The House of Commons

November 23, 2012Annual British Youth Parliament Debate http://www.c-span.org/video/?309601-1/annual-british-youth-parliament-debate

TOPIC: Henry’s Break with Rome (Part 1) - The King’s Great Matter 1527-1532 OBJECTIVES: 18. Identify the Reformation Parliament. 19. Discuss how royal policy changed between 1529 - 1532. REVIEW / KD - pages 92 - 94: 3. The Act in Conditional Restraint of Annates by Parliament in March 1532: • • Annates were monies (church taxes) that were collected in England and sent to Rome. They were levied on any diocese by Rome as payment in return for the nomination and Papal authorization for the consecration of a Bishop. • •  One third of the first year's revenues from the particular diocese went to Rome. The statue (law) stated that if the Pope refused to consecrate (to make sacred) English Bishops as a result of annates (being abolished), those Bishops would be consecrated by English authority. There was much opposition in England to this Act, both as an economic weapon against the Pope and a political challenge to Papal authority.

 This challenged centuries of tradition, but Dec 1532 ‘forced’ Henry and Cromwell to act.

(assembly of the Clergy) lost its independence and saw its powers • • • The Convocation could only meet by royal command (permission from King).

Canon Laws (laws and regulations made by the clergy for governing Christian organizations ), to be approved by royal license.

had Existing Canon Laws were to be inspected by a committee consisting of Parliament and Clergy members and those contradicting royal authority were removed. 5. Dec. 1532 - assertion of Royal Supremacy b/c Anne Boleyn was pregnant and the legitimacy of the child HAD to be secured.

DATE: February _____, 2015 TOPIC: Henry’s Break with Rome (Part 1) - The King’s Great Matter 1527-1532 OBJECTIVES: 18. Identify the Reformation Parliament. 19. Discuss how royal policy changed between 1529 - 1532. SKILL DEVELOPMENT: 1. Read sources G and H on pages 92 + 93. How do these sources fit into the shift to Royal Supremacy in the period 1529 1532? Discuss. 2. Copy the KNOWLEDGE FOCUS on page 97 (red).

3. Read pages 161, 163 and 164 (red). Discuss. 4. Update your glossary, using pages 70 - 94 (red) and 105 - 110 (green).

7. Web – Break with Rome – 1

Transcript 7. Web – Break with Rome – 1

Description: The meeting between Henry VIII and Francis I, known

PP – Focus on

RELIABILITY

for primary sources and

USEFULNESS

for secondary sources

Hans Holbein

Anne Boleyn

Radicals

Radicals

Conservatives

Conservatives

The House of Commons - 1843

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