Transcript Part A The process

Module 4
Planning SP
What’s in Module 4
 Opportunities for SP
 Different SP models
 Communication plan
 Monitoring and evaluating
 Working session
Opportunities for SP
In what contexts will SP processes
be needed?
List some examples from
your own experience
Opportunities for SP: examples
Increasing spatial scale
 Policy development
e.g. development of Namibia’s Coastal White Paper
 Programme assessment
e.g. development of transboundary TDA/SAP in a
Large Marine Ecosystem
 Development planning
e.g. preparation of Integrated Development Plan
(IDP) for a municipality
 Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA)
e.g. proposed windfarm
Source: UNEP
Source: UNEP
Connecting government
and their constituents...
What mechanisms have had success to
increase the connection between local
government and their constituents?
Integrated development planning (IDP)
processes in South Africa
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IDP forums
ward committee meetings
road shows
budget processes
stakeholder meetings, forums and individual
consultations
To borrow from Thami Ngwenya…
“Community-driven development is the process by
which community groups assume control and authority
over decisions and resources in development projects,
which affect their lives.
This means reversing control and accountability from
the central authorities to community organizations in
the initiation, planning, implementation, operation,
maintenance and evaluation of development projects
with agencies playing a supportive role.”
Genuine public participation
assumes two things:
(1) that government creates itself as
accountable, transparent and open, with clear
structures and processes for enabling
participation, and
(2) that civil society actively takes advantage of
available mechanisms for participation, or
engages in creating such mechanisms where
none exist.
Source: Kabemba (2003)
Different SP models
Let’s review what a SP process
might entail…
In 4 simple steps...
1. Define what you want to achieve, what
are the objectives?
2. Who are the stakeholders and what is
their interest/ potential role in the process?
3. Plan communication/ participation
activities (there may be several rounds)
4. Don’t assume it’s a success, measure and
adjust approach
A “belt and braces” approach
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Define preliminary objectives
Rough stakeholder mapping
Awareness drive / baseline study / survey
Full stakeholder analysis
Prepare participation plan
Conduct cycle of participatory/communication
activities as appropriate for audience / project
 Measure results
Louppe’s process
Process suggested by A. LOUPPE, a French governance expert:
SURVEY
DEBATE
PROJECT DESIGN
IMPLEMENTATION
starting from
individual needs
expression
making crucial themes,
tension lines and
partnership opportunities
emerge
associating citizens
or users awareness
with technical
or political expertise
getting support from
the citizen standing
either as,
- adressee
- co-producer
- assessor
Effective participation...
River basin management planning in Scotland
Comunication plan
How to put it all together?
How do we ensure smooth
implementation of the SP process and its
communication activities?
Write down some ideas of
what should be included in a
communication plan
How to start?
Start from the needs expressed by
stakeholders and identify the communication
objectives we want to achieve before
undertaking specific activities
What we need to know
 Who is the Target Audience?
 What are the Key Messages for stakeholders?
 Which Communication Tools are most suitable?
 What are the Implementation Details?
Communication plan: example
Target
Audience /
Stakeholder
Group
Aim
Communication
Tools
Who to
Action?
By
When?
Costs?
Monitoring and evaluating
How can we measure that the
participation is successful?
Are there indicators which can be used?
What would one want to measure?
Time to write down
some ideas…
Stakeholder participation is not a single
event with easily quantifiable results. The
measures of its success are thus by nature
often qualitative.
Measure against objectives initally set
for stakeholder engagement!
Indicators should...
 measure empowerment and capacity issues (e.g.,
changes in stakeholders’ knowledge, perceptions,
practices);
 take into account limitations due to language, gender,
economic, and cultural contexts and biases;
 be disaggregated by gender, socioeconomic status,
indigenous or minority community membership,
government, and private sector in order to assess
progress made within different stakeholder groups.
Source: ELI
quantitative
Examples of indicators...
 Numbers of stakeholder workshops/meetings and
attendance levels of various stakeholder groups
 Number of women, indigenous groups, or other
traditionally under-represented stakeholders represented
at meetings, workshops, or on stakeholder institutions
qualitative
 Number of comments received
 Quality and timeliness of information available to
stakeholders
 Capacity of stakeholders to contribute meaningfully to
decision making
 Representation of stakeholder values in decisions
Source: ELI
Scenario: working session
Based on the stakeholder analysis done earlier, draw up a basic
communication plan:
1. Define a set of communication objectives. How will these
address the interests of the project and of stakeholder
groups?
2. Does it make sense to group stakeholders by
interest/geography/demographic into target groups?
3. Identify one or more communication initiatives/ opportunities
for stakeholder input (i.e. broad campaigns)
4. Outline what mix of media/techniques would be most
appropriate to engage each of the relevant target audience
groups in each of the broad campaigns suggested above.