Transcript Energy in France

ENERGY IN OUR LIFE
COMENIUS PROJECT 2010-2012
LYCEE JEAN JACQUES ROUSSEAU de
MONTMORENCY
The final energy consumption in France is in the
form:
• The consumption of petroleum products
(transportation, heating, industrial process ...)
• The consumption of natural gas (heating,
industry, housing ...)
• The consumption of electricity (heating,
housing, industry, ...)
• The consumption of renewable energy.
In 2008, energy is consumed by households in
France and the tertiary sector (43%) by the
transport sector (31% of the total final
consumption), and industry and agriculture
(26%).
In 2008, local production (native) of primary
energy is 137 Mtoe (mainly nuclear power),
total imports account for 172 Mtoe of energy
(mainly oil and gas where local production is
very low) and exports (electricity and refined
products) account for 34 Mtep.
Energy production in France is mainly in the form
of electricity generation (121 Mtoe in 2008, a
total of 137 Mtoe produced). The production of
electricity in France is made for 76.5% by the
nuclear industry France; France is the second
producer of nuclear energy in the world after
the United States. The rest of the production of
electricity is supplied from renewable energy
sources (hydroelectric, and solar and wind
marginally) and heating plants. The power grid
is increasingly interconnected with the networks
of neighboring countries.
Energy in France
• A/ The main sources of energy in
France.
• B/ The energy consumption by source, a
chart of comparison between France,
€urope and the World.
• C/ Some definitions to understand.
What are the main sources of
energy in France?
France uses many primary energy to meet their
needs. These agents are of different types and
sources are the result of imports.
Energy produced in France
Renewable energies are energies that are naturally
regenerated and inexhaustible to the time scale of
our civilization.
France has a high Hydraulic and Geothermal potential.
It has the largest forest in Western Europe. France
is the second largest producer of renewable Energy
of EU, mainly through its timber resources and
Hydropower. In 2008, renewables provided 13.9%
of the French production of Primary energy.
Coal
Coal has long been the main source of energy in
France. The peak of production was reached
during the Industrial revolution. After WWII,
the exploitation decreased. And in 1994, Coal
Pact was signed by government. It aimed at
stopping the exploitation of coal. The last mine
still operating, closed in April 2004.
During this operating period, 4.465 billion tons of
coal were mined, 2.275 billion tons in the NordPas-De-Calais, 693 in Lorraine and 1 478 million
tons in Centre-Midi
Oil
In 2008, about 1 million ton of oil is operated
from the French basement against the
equivalent of 50 000 tons of fuel in 1939.
This represented 1.5% of the annual
consumption. the oil IS extracted
approximately for 60% from the suburbs of
Paris, 40% in Aquitaine and less than 1% in
Alsace.
Natural Gas
In the 1970s, we produced about 33 % of the internal
consumption of the other european countries in
natural gas. Because of increasing demand and
resource depletion, in 2007, 98% of consumption
comes from imports which can provide more and
faster. On 1st january 2007, reserves amount to
about 6 billion m3 or 56 years of current production
or ½ months of national consumption.
Imported energy
France is generally very dependant on imports
for fossil fuels.
Petroleum and petroleum products
Since 1999, imports of crude oil have
fluctuated between 80 and 86 million tons to
receive 83 million ton in 2008. This oil comes
from four main geographical areas: Africa
(29%), countries of the former USSR (29%),
the middle East (22%) and North Sea (20%).
Coal
In 2008, France imported 14.2 Mtoe of Coal
mainly from Australia (26%), the Unitedstates (18%), South Africa (15%) and
Colombia (9%).
Natural Gas
In 2008, France imported 40 Mtoe of Natural
Gas. These imports are mainly from Norway
(28%),the Netherlands (16%), Algeria (14%)
and Russia (13%).
Nuclear Energy
The exploration of Uranium started on the
national territory in 1946. The last uranium
mine at Jouac, closed in 2001. Nowadays,
the natural uranium used in France is fully
imported.
« Electricité de France », the French nuclear
plants’ operator, had, in 2005, uranium
stocks equivalent to three times the
consumption prediction.
The energy consumption by source, in 1999
(in thousand metric tons oil equivalent) :
Sources
Europe
World
139,942
2,117,484
7 689 047
Coal and coal products
15,267
480,313
3 563 084
Crude oil and natural gas liquids
82,404
906,066
3,563,084
Natural gas
34,471
786,787
2,012,559
Nuclear
102,742
303,885
661,901
Hydroelectric
6,227
60,847
1,097,889
Renewables, excuding hydroelectric
10,001
64,845
1,097,889
Primary solid biomass (includes
fuelwood)
9,440
56,374
1,035,139
Biogas and liquid biomass
373
1,919
14,931
Geothermal
117,3
4,886
43,802
Solar
17,7
390
2,217
Wind
3,1
1,227
1,748
Tide, wave and ocean
49,9
50
53
Total Fossils Fuels
France
Electricity consumption
It is the amount of electricity
consumed by each country or
region int the year specified.
This variable incudes electricity
from all energy source. This
variable accounts for the amount
of electricity consumed by the
end user, meaning that losses
due to transportation, friction,
heat loss and other inefficiencies
are not included in this figure.
(In Twh)