Transcript IEC 60439 - Schneider Electric

What about type tested assemblies?
The tested switchboard,
complying with IEC 60439-1
IEC standards are based on the
consensus and knowledge find
among the best experts in the
world.
They provide minimum requirements
and test procedures for safe and
reliable installation allowing a high
availability of the electrical energy
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What is a switchboard used for ?

To gather and protect the control and protective devices
together with electrical and mechanical connections
against external influences.
 To inform the end-user on the state of his installation.
 To protect the switchboard user against the main risk of
accidents (direct contact protection, indirect contact
protection and fire risk).
 To evolve with the activity
Installations monitoring
and control
Protection for individuals
Electrical power distribution
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The LV electrical switchboard has
to be safe and available

It is a question of balance between:
 the needs of safety and availability
 the constraints of reliability and maintenability of the
installation.
Safety
Reliability
Availability
Maintenability
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IEC 60439 series
Low-voltage switchgear and controlgear
assemblies
 One general standard :

IEC 60439-1 type-tested assemblies (TTA) and partially
type-tested assemblies (PTTA)
 Four related standards:




IEC 60439 -2 busbar trunking systems (busways)
IEC 60439 -3 distribution boards (<250A, unskill people)
IEC 60439 -4 assemblies for construction sites (ACSs)
IEC 60439 -5 cable distribution cabinets (CDCs)
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What about the main features?
The tested switchboard,
complying with IEC 60439-1
IEC 60439-1, what about the scope?
 Scope
: Low-voltage switchgear and controlgear
assembly, TTA or PTTA, whose rated voltage is  1000
Vac or 1500 Vdc.


TTA : type-tested assemblies conforming to an established type or
system without deviations likely to significantly influence the performance,
from the typical ASSEMBLY verified to be in accordance with this
standard. A full range of representative configurations have been
tested.
PTTA : partially type-tested assemblies, containing both type-tested
and non type-tested arrangements provided that the latter are derived
(e.g. by calculation) from type-tested arrangements which have complied
with the relevant tests. Some limited configurations may be tested.
 Definition : A combination of one or more low-voltage switching
devices together with associated control, measuring, signalling,
protective, regulating equipment, etc., completely assembled under
the responsibility of the manufacturer with all the internal electrical
and mechanical interconnections and structural parts
Either a TTA or a PTTA equipment meeting IEC 60439 afford the same quality level
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The IEC 60439-1 standard gives
general rules for switchboards
construction

Meeting IEC 60439-1 requirements means :
 a minimum level of safety for people and equipment
 to include the low-voltage switchgear and controlgear
assemblies for the power distribution and control
 precise requirements for
- service conditions (temperature...)
- construction requirements (IP, IK, forms,...)
 precise test procedures
 IEC 60439-1: one worldwide standard for all the
professionals of switchboards.
Safety
Reliability
Availability
Conformity to IEC 60439 provides
an insurance on switchboard realization quality
Maintenability
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Classification according to IEC 60439-1

external design (open-type, dead front, enclosed, busway)

place of installation (indoor - outdoor)

conditions of installation with respect to mobility (stationary - movable)

degree of protection (for outdoor IP 3X)

type of enclosure (e.g metallic or plastic)

method of mounting (fixed or removable)

measures of protection of persons

form of internal separation (to be detailed, agreement between customer and
manufacturer)

types of electrical connections of functional units (to be detailed, agreement
between customer and manufacturer)
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IEC 60439-1 : Functional unit

Definition : Part of an assembly, comprising all the
electrical and mechanical elements that contribute to the
fulfilment of the same function
Incoming
Functional unit
Outgoing
Auxiliary
Example : drawer in a Motor Control Centre switchboard .
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IEC 60439-1 proposes different type
V. Forms
of secured forms adapted to
each situation

In most installations, no particular partitioning is needed,
electrical switchboard of the form 1 type is acceptable.


However this is no longer true without a front plate or other
equivalent mean. The user shall not access to living parts.
Following forms 2, 3 and 4 introduce additional
partitioning within the switchboard



Form 2: partitioning of busbars
Form 3a and 3b:
- functional units separated from each other and
separated from the busbars
- connecting terminals separated from busbars
Form 4a and 4b:
- functional units separated from each other and
separated from the busbars
- connecting terminals separated from each other and
separated from busbars.
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IEC 60439-1 The forms of internal separation
Form 1
Form 2a
Form 3a
Form 4a
Form 2b
Form 3b
Form 4b
1. Maintenance people should not be in a dangerous situation, e.g. parts not under maintenance
should not create dangerous situation in parts under maintenance
2. Maintenance in one part should not create a dangerous situation in another part e.g. a screw or a
tool falls in another part
3. Danger in one part should not expand to other parts e.g. an arc in one part should not influence
other parts
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Electrical connections for
functional units
B

Types of electrical connections of functional units (FU)
 F = Fixed


D = Disconnectable

W = Withdrawable
Identification
 connections are codified with these 3 letters referring to :
 1st : main incoming circuit
 2nd : main outgoing circuit
 3rd: auxiliary circuits
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What about test procedure ?
The tested switchboard,
complying with IEC 60439-1
The tests of standard IEC 60439-1
B
They guarantee that the switchboard complies
with the necessary standard requirement
There are two type of tests:

7 type tests are performed by the manufacturer on one or
several configurations:
 n°1 temperature rise limits
 n°2 dielectric properties
 n°3 short-circuit withstand
 n°4 protective circuit effectiveness
 n°5 clearances and creepage distances
 n°6 mechanical operation
 n°7 degree of protection.

3 routine tests are performed by the panelbuilder on each
particular switchboard:
 n°8 general inspection
 n°9 insulation/dielectric test
 n°10 protection measures.
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The 7 type tests performed by the
manufacturer
The aim of these tests is to confirm the switchboard
characteristics.

The 7 type tests are carried out on the most difficult and
unfavourable system configurations.
The assembled and cabled switchboards are made up of their
usual components, connection system…, equipped with
switchgear and assemblied and installed according to
industrial standards.
 The tests are conducted either in approved laboratories
(Asefa, Kema, Lcie,…), or in a manufacturer laboratory.
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Test n°1
(8-2-1): temperature rise limits
Test performed by the manufacturer

Guarantees the safety and reliability of the switchboard,
by avoiding problems such as:
 connection damages
 reduction in insulation performances
 risk of burn for maintenance operators
 electronic components damages
 faulty operation of the devices: inopportune release.

How to proceed:
 to measure the temperature of each equipment, after a
delay allowing a stabilized temperature, when each
circuit is used at its rated power and when the complete
switchboard is loaded with an appropriate diversity factor
 Result to be obtain


temperature rise shall not exceed what the different
equipment can withstand
the temperature of accessible surfaces has to be
checked
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Test n°2
(8-2-2): dielectric properties
Test performed by the manufacturer

Guarantees the switchboard safety and reliability,
to avoid problems such as:
 electrical arc generation
 insulation performance decreasing
 connection damages
 Withstand impulse voltage test and an ac test are
performed
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Test n°3
(8-2-3): short-circuit withstand
Test performed by the manufacturer

This test simulates an incident which could occur on site.
 Withstanding the short-circuit currents is:
 to avoid danger (rupture and projections of components,
arc generation and propagation outside the
switchboard,...)
 it also means the installation can be quickly put back into
operation after the incident.
Relationship between peak current (Ipk) and short-circuit current (Icw):
Ipk = Icw x n
RMS value of short-circuit
current kA eff/1s (Icw)
n
Ipk (kA)
Icw  5
1.5
Ipk  7.5
5 < Icw  10
1.7
8.5 < Ipk  17
10 < Icw  20
2
20 < Ipk  40
20 < Icw  50
2.1
42 < Ipk  105
50 < Icw
2.2
110 < Ipk
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Test n°4
(8-2-4): effectiveness of the protective
circuit
Test performed by the manufacturer

The effectiveness of the protective circuit is verified by
two tests:
 resistance measurement of the connection between the
exposed conductive parts and the protective circuits
 short-circuit withstand performed between the protective
conductor and the nearest phase conductor.
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Test n°5
(8-2-5): clearance and creepage distances
Test performed by the manufacturer

Clearance control: shortest distance between two
conductive parts.

Creepage distance control: shortest distance along the
surface of an insulating material between two conductive
parts.
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Test n°6
(8-2-6): mechanical operation
Test performed by the manufacturer

Endurance of material, guaranteeing the longevity of the
various mechanisms.

The standard requires 50 operating cycles.
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Test n°7
(8-2-7): degree of protection (IP, IEC
60529)
Test performed by the manufacturer

IP


The tests carried out define the capacity of an equipped
switchboard to:
 protect persons against contact with live parts
 protect equipment against penetration of solid objects
and liquids
1st digit:
 protection of persons
 protection against solids.
2nd digit: protection against liquids.
Note: in case of only protection of persons is needed, the 2 IP digits are replaced by x.
Example: IPxxB.

Additional letter (optional): protection of persons against contact
with live parts:
 A: protect againts access of the back of the hand
 B: protect against access of fingers Ø 12 mm
 C: protect against access of a tool Ø 2.5 mm
 D: protect against access of a tool Ø 0.1 mm.
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The 3 tests performed by the
panelbuilder

These 3 routine tests can be easily and rapidly performed
by the panelbuilder:
 overall inspection according to the mounting instructions
and technical documents (right device ratings, tightening
torques)
 insulation checking by a dielectric test
 checking of protective measures and of the electrical
continuity of the protective circuits.
 They complete the 7 manufacturer type tests and guarantee
professionnalism and responsability of panelbuilder.

3 routine tests performed by the panelbuilder:
 n°8 general inspection
 n°9 insulation/dielectric test
 n°10 protection measures.
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Test n°8
(8-3-1): general inspection
Test performed by the panelbuilder

Check of mechanical actuating elements, interlocks,...
effectiveness.

Check of proper laying of conductors and cables and
proper mounting of device.

Check of connections adequate contact, especially
screwed and bolted connections.
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Test n°9
(8-3-4): insulation resistance/(8-3-2):
dielectric test
Test performed by the panelbuilder

No arc flash-over or insulator perforation must be
observed between the live parts each other and between
the live parts and the conductive structural parts.
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Test n°10
(8-3-3): protective measures
Test performed by the panelbuilder

Checking of protective measures and of the electrical
continuity of the protective circuits for metallic
assemblies.
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What about the benefits?
The tested switchboard,
complying with IEC 60439-1
The benefits from IEC 60439-1
IEC 60439-1 provides minimum requirements and test
procedures for safe and reliable installation allowing a high
availability of the electrical energy

Specifiers/consultants:
 the certainty to prescribe a switchboard which ensures
the level of safety required by the user

Panel-builder / Installer:
 confidence in products and swichboards systems,
following the standard
 increase efficiency, easy to show conformity

Manufacturer:
 products tested in real configurations
 detailed instructions for fautless construction.
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