Transcript File - Chulmleigh ICT Department

My Levels
Last assessment level:
A
B
C
End of year target level:
End of KS target level
A
B
C
A
B
C
Test results for this topic:
1.1 What is an operating
system and what does it do:
1.2 Comparing operating
systems:
Operating Systems
Student Name :
My Targets
Personal Classroom Target (highlight your choice for this unit)
Finish my work
Stop rushing my work
Help / assist / work with others
Add more detail
Produce much tidier work
Improve my internet research skills
Meet my deadlines
Try to do something myself
Choose an appropriate working partner
Talk less—Do More!
Check my spelling / grammar
Raise my grade by improving my work
This shape
means I am
just
commenting
This shape
means there is
a task for you
to do
This shape means I need you
to respond in writing. (Use
the same shape speech
bubble to respond but
change the colour !)
Unit Overview
This unit is designed to help you to work towards the following statements:
Hardware and processing
• Recognise and understand the function of the main internal parts of basic computer architecture.
• Understand the concepts behind the fetch–execute cycle.
• Know that there is a range of operating systems and application software for the same hardware.
Information technology
• Collect, organise and present data and information in digital content.
• Create digital content to achieve a given goal through combining software packages and internet services to
communicate with a wider audience e.g. blogging.
• Make appropriate improvements to solutions based on feedback received, and comment on the success of the
solution
Links to Computing National Curriculum Programme of Study
• Understand the hardware and software components that make up computer systems, and how they communicate
with one another and with other systems
• Undertake creative projects that involve selecting, using, and combining multiple applications, preferably across a
range of devices, to achieve challenging goals, including collecting and analysing data and meeting the needs of
known users
Targets for Operating Systems
MUST:
•
•
•
I can describe what is meant by an operating system (worksheet 1.1B)
I can name a range of operating systems (Worksheet 1.1A)
I can describe examples of different operating systems
SHOULD:
•
•
•
I can explain the main features of an operating system (worksheet 1.1B)
I can identify some common similarities and differences between operating
systems
I can identify positive and negative features of two or more operating systems
COULD:
•
•
I understand the difference between proprietary and open source software
I am able to compare the strengths and weaknesses of different operating systems,
choosing which is most suitable for a given scenario
Skills Check:
Start Date:
Operating Systems
LEVEL 7
My current skills are: (Highlight your starting point above)
Level 6a
Level 5b
•
I can describe what is
meant by an operating
system
Level 5a
•
I can name a range of
operating systems
Level 6c
•
I can describe examples
of different operating
systems
Level 6b
•
I can explain the main
features of an operating
system (worksheet
1.1B)
•
•
I can identify some
common similarities
and differences
between operating
systems (1.1.2/3/4
Think IT)
I can identify positive
and negative features
of two or more
operating systems
Level 7c
•
I understand the
difference between
proprietary and open
source software
(1.1.2/3/4 Think-IT)
•
I am able to compare
the strengths and
weaknesses of different
operating systems,
choosing which is most
suitable for a given
scenario
End Date:
I have progressed to : (Highlight your finishing point below)
Level 7
Let’s read about Operating Systems
Your teacher will go through this presentation with you
Operating systems fact sheet
Android
Developer
Google
iOS
OSX
Apple
Apple
Works on
computers and
laptops?
Works on handheld and mobile
devices?
X
X
Open Source
X (Mainly)
Family
Linux
based
X
Windows
8
Microsoft
X
Windows
7
Microsoft
Debian
Collaborative:
Debian project
X
Mint
Collaborative:
Clement
Lefebvre +
X
Red Hat
X
X
X
Unix
based
Windows
Ubuntu
Canonical
X
X
X
Unix
based
Fedora
Windows
Linux
X
Linux
X
Linux
X
Linux
Unit 1
Task 1 systems
Operating
Operating
systems anagrams
Solve the anagrams below to identify the names of some well-known operating systems.
1 addroni
____________2 wowsdin____________
3 nuxil____________
4 uxin____________
5 sio____________
6 railsso
____________7 ODS____________
8 cam sox____________
Task 2 Ranking statements about operating systems
The following statements are about operating systems. Imagine that you are describing what an operating system is to someone who
doesn’t know about computers. Rank the statements in order, by dragging them into position with the most useful statement for you to
use in your description at the top.
C. An operating system can be used on different types of
computers, such as desktops, laptops, mobile phones.
A. An operating system is a piece of software.
B. One of the jobs of an operating system is managing
the hardware in a computer.
D. An operating system allows the user to run
different software programs.
E. An operating system provides an interface that allows
the user to interact with the computer.
Operating Systems Task 3 (you may have to look at the Operating
Operating systems
Unit 1
Systems presentation again to help you!)
Scenario: Chatty Call Centre is looking at updating some of the
operating systems they have running computer systems. Your
task is to answer the below questions to help them work out
which new operating systems to use.
1
2
Describe what an operating system is.
The Chatty Call Centre is aware that an operating system carries
out a number of different tasks but they would like some more
detail on the tasks. Discuss the 3 main tasks carried out by an
operating system.
Operating Systems Task 3 cont. (you may have to look at the Operating
Operating systems
Unit 1
Systems presentation again to help you!)
3
4
The Chatty Call Centre is interested in finding out how an
operating system works with the CPU in a computer
system. Describe how the operating system works with
the CPU in a computer system.
The Chatty Call Centre is considering purchasing different
operating systems but they are not aware of the main
interface types available. Name the 3 operating system
interfaces.
1.
2.
3.
5
Command line interfaces are an older type of operating
system. Describe a command line interface operating
system.
Operating Systems Task 3 cont. (you may have to look at the Operating
Operating systems
Unit 1
Systems presentation again to help you!)
Menu-based interfaces are another type of operating system
available to computer users. Describe a menu-based
interface operating system.
7
Graphical user interfaces are a popular type of operating
system available to computer users. Describe a graphical
user interface operating system.
8
There are a number of different operating systems available
to computer users. What does WIMP stand for?
9
Describe a WIMP operating system.
Operating Systems Task 3 cont. (you may have to look at the Operating
Operating systems
Unit 1
Systems presentation again to help you!)
The Chatty Call Centre is considering providing some senior
staff with mobile telephones and they would like to find out
about the different operating systems available. Name 2 of
the common operating systems used on mobile telephones.
1.
2.
Task 4 What is an operating system? crossword
Across
4 This is the part of the operating system that
allows the user and the computer to
communicate with each other.
5 Pieces of software that allow an operating
system to communicate with peripheral
devices.
6 A series of the most widely used desktop
operating systems, made by Microsoft.
8 This open source, Unix-like operating system
was originally made by Linus Torvalds.
9 The OS handles the communication to and
from this, often using 5 Across
11 A small program that often comes with the
OS, which usually performs a task to help with
the upkeep of the system.
12 A program that converts program code to
machine code. Examples include compilers and
interpreters.
.
Down
1 This mobile OS is made by Google and its 3 Down is based on 8 Across.
2 The OS manages this, ensuring enough is allocated to each application being used.
3 This is the core part of the operating system, which manages 9 Across. It is the first part to be loaded into 2 Down.
7 The OS looks after this, protecting data. One way it does this is through usernames and passwords.
10 Making things simpler to understand or use by hiding away the complex details. An operating system does this through an API
(Application Program Interface).
Operating Systems Check Point!
Complete the interactive quiz allocated to you in www.doddleLearn.co.uk
Let’s read about Operating Systems Software
Your teacher will go through this presentation with you
Operating systems software Task 1
Software.
How much do you remember about operating systems software? Read the statements below and indicate whether they are true or false by
circling your answer.
All operating systems software performs all the same functions.
true
false
User interfaces are the same on all devices.
true
false
iOS6 is an example of operating systems software.
true
false
Machine code is a low-level programming code.
true
false
Spooling means to wrap a cable round and round.
true
false
Systems software is necessary for any computer to work.
true
false
Key term
Definition
fetch, decode,
execute cycle
The cycle by which CPUs process an application: the fetching, decoding and execution of each instruction
flash memory
See Electrically Erasable Programmable Read-only Memory (EEPROM).
giga
A prefix for 1 billion. The clock speed of modern computers is upwards of 3.5 gigahertz. This is approximately 3,500,000,000 instructions being
executed per second.
hertz (hz)
The unit of frequency in which a CPU’s clock speed is measured; it corresponds to how many actions it can perform per second
IAS
See immediate access store
immediate access
store
The memory of a computer that holds instructions and data for use by the CPU at the instant that it requires them
instruction register
A temporary, convenient holding bay that stores the information the CU needs to decode and execute each instruction
logical operation
An operation carried out by the ALU that uses the logic gates AND, OR and NOT to define its calculations
machine code
The binary language that a CPU uses to carry out calculation and control tasks. Machine codes vary between CPU types; software is written in
machine code
memory address
The means by which a CPU organizes its instructions to be worked on, by ordering them consecutively and assigning them storage locations (or
addresses) in a computer’s memory.
Moore’s law
The observation that computers are becoming increasingly complex because the number of transistors on integrated circuits doubles
approximately every 2 years
non-volatile storage
Memory that is stored permanently and cannot be deleted e.g. ROM, flash memory
quantum computer
An advanced computer that can process multiple calculations at once (instead of one at a time) because the atoms it uses can represent 1 and 0
simultaneously. This drastically increases the potential clock speed.
RAM
See random access memory
random access
memory
A type of computer memory that stores all the current instructions a program requires to run, and temporarily stores data being processed by the
CPU. RAM is volatile memory.
read only memory
A type of computer memory that holds fundamental information needed to activate the BIOS. ROM is programmed in by the manufacturer, is read
only and non-volatile.
ROM
See read only memory
transistor
A component which can be switched on or off to amplify a signal. The more transistors mean more complex calculations can be carried out, so
processor speed increases.
virtual memory
Memory on the hard disk that can be temporarily written to if the RAM is full, in order to free up space and prevent the computer from slowing
down
volatile memory
Memory that is erased when the computer is turned off, e.g. RAM
Key term
Definition
arithmetic and logic
unit (ALU)
A main component of the CPU, it performs all arithmetic and logical operations, such as calculations and comparisons
binary
The type of language that computers use to encode and decode instructions and operations. Binary means ‘pertaining to two’ and refers to there
being only two possible values: 0 or 1, on or off, true or false etc.
basic input output
system
A chip found in most computers that contains all the instructions necessary to boot up.
BIOS
See basic input output system
cache memory
A high speed memory where frequently used applications store instructions to be accessed quickly. These instructions are effectively pre-fetched
and pre-decoded so the overall processing time of future tasks is much quicker.
central processing
unit
The brain of the computer that processes all data and executes instructions. It communicates between input and output devices and the IAS.
clock speed
A CPU’s speed, it measures the frequency at which it completes an instruction. Clock speed is measured in gigahertz (GHz). Today clock speeds are
upwards of 3.5GHz; this is approximately 3,500,000,000 instructions executed per second.
comparisons
A type of calculation carried out by the ALU that employs relational operators (=, <, >) to determine the relationship between values
control unit
A main component of the CPU, it controls the hardware and software devices and performs the fetch-decode-execute cycle.
core
A mini processor built within the CPU. Modern computers are dual or quad core, which allows for multitasking without loss of performance.
CPU
See central processing unit
CU
See control unit
EEPROM
See electrically erasable programmable read-only memory
electrically erasable
programmable readonly memory
A commonly used non-volatile computer storage memory (ROM) that can be electronically erased and rewritten. It is more popularly known as flash
memory and is used in USB sticks and SD cards. It is also used by laptops, mobile phones, digital cameras and game consoles.
Complete the online test for this topic.
Comparing Operating Systems
MY POSTER
Unit 1
Operating systems
Worksheet 1.2B Peer review
Peer review your partner’s poster, by considering how well it meets the following criteria. Circle a number in each case.
Describes different operating systems
1
2
3
4
(Needs work)
Explains what devices run the operating systems
1
2
5
(Well)
3
4
5
Explains the similarities between different operating systems
1
2
3
4
5
Explains the differences between different operating systems
1
2
3
4
5
Provides a well-justified recommendation for Gloria
1
2
4
5
Two things I really like about the poster are:
But it would be even better if:
3
Operating Systems Software Check Point!
Complete the interactive quiz allocated to you in www.doddleLearn.co.uk
Complete the online test for this topic.