Transcript Folie 1 - Air Commodities

Innovative Air
Distribution for
Healthcare
Facilities
Types of Healthcare
Facilities
• Hospitals
– Variety of spaces, each with different needs
– Operate continuously
• Nursing care facilities
• Surgery Suites
• Clinical Facilities
Operational Characteristics
of a Hospital
Lighting
30%
Cooking
2%
Office
Equipment
1%
Water Heating
12%
Computers
3%
Ventilation
16%
M iscellaneous
8%
Refrigeration
2%
Cooling
10%
Space Heating
16%
•
Most areas operate continuously
(24/7)
•
Most spaces have perimeter
exposures (wide load swings)
•
HVAC costs represent about 45% of
hospital utility costs
•
Hospital utility costs are 40% higher
than other buildings
Operational Characteristics
of a Hospital
• HVAC service demand varies
significantly
– Cooling and heating loads vary
according to season
– Cooling loads significantly lower
during night and evening hours
• System must be designed for maximum
capacities
– Exceeded less than 1% of the time
– Seattle (0.4%) design 85DB/65WB
– Portland design 90DB/67WB
Operational Characteristics
of a Hospital
Load includes Patient,
Healthcare Team,
Family, Equipment, and
Solar
Mixed Air Systems
Supply air at 600
fpm
Throw to 150 fpm
Entrained air at 75 deg+
Throw to 50 fpm
C.V. Terminal
Flow(CFM)
2,600 BTUH
6,600 BTUH
DESIGN
Over Cooling!
MIN
55oF Primary Air
73o
75o
77 o
Why Not Save Energy and Sound with Active Chilled Beams
Protective Isolation Room
Pressurization
Hall (-)
Patient Room (+)
Nursing Area HVAC
Requirements
• Inpatient care units
– Positive/neutral pressure vs. hallway
– Total airflow rate* of 4 to 6 ACH-1
– No stagnant areas
Ceiling Based for Dilution Ventilation
•
Chilled beams
–
Constant air volume
•
•
•
–
–
Consistent room air movement
Guaranteed ventilation delivery
Easy to maintain pressurization
Quiet
Minimal maintenance
* Outdoor airflow rate must be at least 2 ACH-1
Under Window Displacement Ventilation
Active Chilled Beams
Constant Air Volume Operation
Airflow requirement reduced
by 2/3 or more
Remainder of sensible load
removed by chilled water,
(above the dew point)
An Active Chilled Beam is just a Diffuser
An Active Chilled Beam is just a Diffuser
•Pressure relationship between room and hallway must
be maintained.
• Air is only re-circulated within the room, (like a standard
diffuser).
• Water in coil must be above dew point, a dry coil.
Active Chilled Beams
• Filtration normally required where
room air is circulated through
cooling coil
• OSHPOD will review on case by
case basis to determine that the
system can guarantee that the chilled
water will be above the due point.
Chilled Beams with VFL
Constant Volume Regulator
Active Chilled
Beams typically
require 0.40.6”w.g. S.P.
Energy Savings
Conventional Patient Room, 120 rooms ~
48,000 CFM @ 2” w.g. 24/7/365 = 32BHP @ 0.07$/KWH = $16,500/yr Operating Cost
Vs Active Chilled Beam Solution, 120 rooms ~
16,000 CFM @ 2” w.g. 24/7/365 = 9.8BHP @ 0.07$/KWH = $ 3,600/yr Operating Cost
Over 75% saving in Op. Cost Savings!!!
Sound Reduction
Conventional Patient Room ~
Terminal Unit @ 400 CFM; Rad. NC 21, Dis. NC 22, + Diffuser
Resulting in Room NC of 30
Vs Active Chilled Beam Solution, per room ~
Terminal Unit @ 100 CFM; Rad. NC <10, Dis. NC <10, + Chilled Beam
Resulting in Room NC of 25
Savings to Project
•Less Structure due to smaller Air Handler
•Smaller Shaft Sizes
•Smaller Duct Sizes
•Possible Shorter Building Height
•Possible Elimination of Terminal Units, (DOAS)
•Elimination of DDC Points
Infectious Isolation Room
Pressurization
Hall (+)
Patient Room (-)
Nursing Area HVAC
Requirements
• Infectious isolation units
–
–
–
–
Negative pressure vs. adjoining spaces
Total airflow rate* of 6 ACH-1
All exhaust direct to outdoors
Minimize stagnant areas
•
Chilled beams
–
Constant air volume
•
•
•
–
–
* Outdoor airflow rate must be at least 2 ACH-1
Consistent room air movement
Guaranteed ventilation delivery
Easy to maintain pressurization
Quiet
Minimal maintenance
Infectious Isolation Room
Pressurization
VFL
VFL
VFL
VFL
Volume Flow Regulator (+)
Volume Flow Regulator (-)
Volume Flow Regulator (-)
Volume Flow Regulator (+)
Exhaust
Hall (+)
Patient Room (-)
Nursing Area HVAC
Requirements
•
Infectious isolation units
• Protective isolation rooms
–
–
–
–
Positive pressure vs. adjoining spaces
Total airflow rate* of 15 ACH-1
All exhaust direct to outdoors
No stagnant areas
* Outdoor airflow rate must be at least 2 ACH-1
Protective Isolation Room
Pressurization
VFL
VFL
VFL
VFL
Volume Flow Regulator (-)
Volume Flow Regulator (+)
Volume Flow Regulator (+)
Volume Flow Regulator (-)
Exhaust
Hall (-)
Patient Room (+)
TROX Clean Beam
• Face removes for stage 1
cleaning
• Entire coil can be removed if
stage 2 cleaning required
• Can be furnished with lint
filter
TROX Clean Beam
Stage 1 Cleaning
(No coil removal)
Stage 2 Cleaning
(Coil removed)
Air Distribution in Surgical
Suites
• Contamination considerations
– Clean air should “flood” operating area
– No entrainment of unfiltered air
• Comfort considerations
– High lighting and activity levels
– Lower design temperatures
• Air distribution requirements
– Low velocities in operating area
– Minimize effects of obstacles in air stream
Supply Diffusers
for Surgical Suites
• Procondif diffuser
• Honeycomb core
• Directional laminar discharge
• Operating table height
– No room air entrainment
– Airstream width ≈ 6 feet
• Optional high efficiency filter
Supply Diffusers
for Surgical Suites
ASHRAE STANDARD 170-2008
“Ventilation of Health Care Facilities”
Is Now Published
7.4.1 Surgery Rooms, Class B & C Operating
Rooms
a. “Airflow shall be unidirectional,
downwards…over the patient and surgical
team”
Operational Characteristics
of a Clinical Facility
• Occupied 12 to 16 hours daily
– Cooling and/or heating loads vary
according to season
– Must be designed for peak loads which
occur infrequently
• High risk of exposure to disease
– Waiting areas
– Examination rooms
Displacement Terminals
in Healthcare Facilities
Low Sidewall Mounted Diffusers
Displacement Terminals
in Healthcare Facilities
Quarter Round Diffuser
Displacement Terminals
in Examination Rooms
Displacement Chilled Beams
in Patient Rooms
8-10”
Innovative Air
Distribution
for Healthcare
Facilities