Transcript Document
بنام خداوند ایران زمین
توانای دانای عشق آفرین
Movements
5 main GHGs
Air traffic
increasing
IATA report: . . . around 30 million
scheduled air transport operations
around the world annually.
European statistic shows the air traffic
demand growth in 2025 would be about
2.1 times greater than it was in 2003.
Global CO2 by Sector
Flight Cycles
Aircraft Emissions
Air Quality
Climate Change
Noise
Operational Flight Cycles
Different Segment Affects
Operational Flight Cycles
Aerodrome & Local Air Quality
Delay
1) on the ground
2) in the air
1 ton fuel burn:
3.15 tones of CO2
Departure and Landing Noise:
More than 100 dB
Operational Flight Cycles
En-route and Climate Change
Aircraft Emissions
at above FL300
Contrails
Cirrus Cloud
Result? Warming!
Stop or Reduce
Emissions?
Int’l Protocols
Sustainable Development
- Economic
- Social
- Environment
Sustainable
Development
Stakeholders
and their collaborations
1- Air Navigation Service Providers (ANSPs) IAC, GCAA,
Serco, Skyguide, DFS, FAA, Nav Canada, Airservice Australia, etc.
2- Aircraft Operators (Airlines) Iran Air, Mahan Air, Kish Air,
Aseman Airline, etc.
3- Airport Operators (AO) ACI Europe
4- Aviation Regulators ICAO, IATA, Eurocontrol, etc.
5- Manufacturers Boeing, Airbus, Fokker, etc.
6- Passengers
7- Environmental groups, local airport residence and the
publics e.g Stop Stansted Expansion (UK), Friends of the
Earth, etc.
8- Other groups Military, Scientist and Academics, General
Aviation, Leisure Pilots, Business (tourism and travel), etc.
What is solution?
CNS/ATM System
Trade-Offs
ATM System
Efficiency
Solution?
Continuous Climb
Continuous Climb:
It cost 250 kg more fuel (in average) for
step-climb for aircraft to reach it’s
optimum climb.
It cost 300 kg more fuel (in average) to
maintain non-desired level per hour.
Solution?
CDA (Continuous Descend Approach)
Benefits are:
- Reduce airframe noise
- Overall noise reduction
- Reduces fuel burn
- Reduces CO2 and NOx Emissions
Solution?
Direct Route
Solution?
Direct Route
Solution?
Direct Route