Transcript Document

Biodiesel
A renewable fuel to meet today’s and tomorrow’s
energy needs in a clean and sustainable manner
presentation to:
American Seed Trade Association
Chicago, Illinois
December 7, 2005
presentation by:
Richard Nelson
Kansas State University/National Biodiesel Board
This presentation is funded in part by the Cooperative State Research,
Education and Extension Service, USDA
Biodiesel – General Definitions
Biodiesel is a domestic,
renewable fuel for diesel engines
derived from fats and oils such as
soybeans and animal fats.
Biodiesel
Petroleum diesel
B100
B20
Biodiesel can be used in any
concentration with petroleumbased diesel fuel in existing diesel
engines with little or no
modification.
Biodiesel is not
raw vegetable oil!
Biodiesel must be produced by a
chemical process that removes
glycerin from the oil.
B10
B5
B2
0
50
100
Biodiesel blend, n. -- a blend of
biodiesel fuel meeting ASTM D
6751 with petroleum-based
diesel fuel designated BXX,
where XX is the volume percent
of biodiesel.
Petroleum (Liquid Fuel) Picture
We currently import over
50% of our petroleum needs
- 70% by 2025.
Once roughly half the oil has
been extracted, it becomes
harder – and more
expensive – to get at the
remainder.
Proved Oil Reserves 2003
The key date is not when
the oil runs out, but when
production peaks, meaning
supplies decline. The peak
may come by about 2020.
Biodiesel Properties & Attributes
B100 - Energy content of #1,
8% less than #2
High Cetane (avg. over 50)
Sulfur free
Cold flow - B2 the same as #2
petroleum diesel
Energy Balance (3.24 to 1)
Biodegradable and Non-Toxic
Emissions Reductions with Biodiesel Blends
Emission Type
B100
B20
Total Unburned Hydrocarbons
Carbon Monoxide
Particulate Matter
Oxides of Nitrogen (NOX)
-67%
-48%
-47%
+10%
-20%
-12%
-12%
+ 2%***
B2
-2.2%
-1.3%
-1.3%
+0.2%
“When considering the combined benefit of all these reductions, the small
increase in nitrogen oxides (NOx) should not overshadow the net
environmental gain with biodiesel use in North Carolina. Biodiesel is a
viable part of the overall effort to improve our air quality.”
B. Keith Overcash, PE, NC DE&NR, DAQ
Biodiesel Production
100 lbs. of fat or oil
+
10 lbs. methanol
 catalyst 
100 lbs. biodiesel (B100)
+
10 lbs. of glycerin
30,000,000
Soybeans (90-95% of
current market), Waste
Greases, Edible & Inedible
Tallow, Cottonseed,
Sunflower,
Canola/Rapeseed
25,000,000
20,000,000
B100 Fuel
Survey Results
15,000,000
10,000,000
5,000,000
0
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
Distribution Outlets, June 2005
ASTM D 6751 – Biodiesel Fuel Specification
Fuel quality is of the
utmost concern and
importance to the biodiesel
industry.
ASTM International Specification
ASTM D 6751 is the
specification for biodiesel
fuels irrespective of the
feedstock source and/or
processing method.
Standard ensures safe
operation in a
compression ignition
engine.
D6751: Standard Specification for Biodiesel Fuel
In 2002, ASTM International issued a standard specification for biodiesel fuel called
D6751. This specification states that the only form of biodiesel that can be legally resold
for commercial operations must meet ASTM specifications.
TABLE 1: Detailed Requirements for Biodiesel (B100)
Property
Test Method
Limits
Units
Flash point (closed cup)
Water and sediment
Kinematic viscosity, 40°C
Sulfated ash
Sulfur
Copper strip corrosion
Cetane number
*Cloud point
Carbon residue
Acid number
Free glycerin
Total glycerin
Phosphorus content
Distillation temperature,
atmospheric equiv. temp
D 93
D 2709
D 445
D 874
D 5453
D 130
D 613
D 2500
D 4530
D 664
D 6584
D 6584
D 4951
D 1160
130.0 min
0.050 max
1.9–6.0
0.020 max
0.05 max
No. 3 max
47 min
Report to customer*
0.050 max
0.80 max
0.020
0.240
0.001 max
360 max
°C
% volume
mm2/s
% mass
% mass
N/A
N/A
°C
% mass
mg KOH/g
% mass
% mass
% mass
°C
Biodiesel & Original Equipment
Manufacturers (OEMs)
Many Engine Manufacturers
Support Biodiesel Blends:
John Deere
Caterpillar
Cummins
Detroit Diesel
International
Testimonials for each of these
companies available on the
NBB website -
www.biodiesel.org
B100 Must Meet
ASTM D6751 !!!
Most OEM HQ’s have
B20 experience:
Won’t void warranty, but
remember OEM’s don’t
make fuel and therefore
they won’t warranty fuel.
Problems caused by the
fuel are the responsibility
of the fuel supplier.
Federal Biodiesel Tax Incentive
American Jobs Creation Act 2004 (Biodiesel Tax Exemption)
Federal Excise Tax Credit
through 12/31/2008
1¢ per percent of “agribiodiesel”
blended into diesel fuel
Applies to first-use vegetable
oils and animal fats
½ ¢ per percent of other
biodiesel
blended into diesel fuel
Credit taken at the blender level
Biodiesel:
Looking Forward
Current Potential: 1.7 Billion gal/year
5.5% of national on-hwy. Demand
Near-Term Potential: (2015): 3.5 Billion
6.8% of national on-hwy. demand in 2015
Long-Term Potential: (2030): 10 Billion
Educational Resources for
Biodiesel
BEN: “Biodiesel
Education Network”
Web-based resource
specifically for
petroleum marketers
Partnership between
NBB/PMAA
www.pmaa.org
www.biodiesel.org