Transcript Dunia Protista - Gadjah Mada University

Dunia Protista
Protozoa
Algae
Slime molds
Phylogeny of Protista
• Many biologists propose different phylogeny.
Highly diverse and dynamic.
• Kingdom is polyphyletic (members of taxon from
two or more ancestral forms)
• Nucleic acid sequencing, cell structure
attempting to create monophyletic groups.
• Have enabled systematists to create additional
kingdom-level groupings.
• Splitting Kingdom Protista into 3 separate
kingdoms (Archaezoa, Protista/Protozoa,
Chromista)
• or 5 “candidate kingdoms” (Archaezoa,
Euglenozoa, Alveolata, Stramenopila,
Rhodophyta)
Tree of Life
Three-domain tree of life based on small subunit rRNA
sequences (modified from N.R. Pace, ASM News
62:464, 1996).
Berbagai macam Algae
Phylogeny of the Protist
Klasifikasi Dunia Protista
A. Protozoa (Animal ike)
B. Algae (Plant-like)
C. Slime molds (Fungus-like)
A. Protozoa (1)
Sistem klasifikasi
tradisional:
 Kelompok Ciliophora
 Kelompok
Mastigophora
 Kelompok Sarcodina
 Kelompok Sporozoa
Sporozoa: Plasmodium
Sistem klasifikasi menurut Komite
sistematik dan evolusi
Protozoa (1980):
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
Phylum Labirinthomorpha
Phylum Sarcomastigophora
Phylum Ciliophora
Phylum Apicomplexa
Phylum Microspora
Phylum Acetospora
Phylum Myxospora
Sistem klasifikasi (Cavalier-Smith; 1993):
1. Phylum Apicomplexa
2. Phylum Choanozoa
3. Phylum Ciliophora
4. Phylum Dinozoa
5. Phylum Entamoebia
6. Phylum Euglenozoa
7. Phylum Haplosporidia
8. Phylum Heliozoa
9. Phylum Mesozoa
10. Phylum Metamonada
11. Phylum Microsporidia
12. Phylum Mycetozoa
13. Phylum Myxosporidia
14. Phylum Opalozoa
15. Phylum Parabasalia
16. Phylum Paramyxia
17. Phylum Percolozoa
18. Phylum Radiozoa
19. Phylum Reticulosa
20. Phylum Rhizopoda
Bedasarkan sistem klasifikasi filogenetik:


1.
2.
3.
Protozoa terdiri dari: Archeozoa dan Protozoa
Dunia Archeozoa:
Phylum Metamonada
Phylum Microsporidia
Phylum Parabasalia

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
Dunia Protozoa :
Phylum Eulenozoa
Phylum Entamoebia
Phylum Mycetozoa
Phylum Ciliophora
Phylum Dinozoa
Phylum Apicomplexa
Phylum Rhizopoda
B. Algae
•
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
Sistem klasifikasi tradisional:
Divisio Chlorophycophyta
Divisio Chrisophycophyta
Divisio Cryptophycophyta
Divisio Euglenophycophyta
Divisio Phaeophycophyta
Divisio Pyrrophycophyta
Divisio Rhodophycophyta
Sistem klasifikasi filogenetik (18S rRNA):
•
Algae sebagian masuk ke Protozoa, dan sebagian lagi
masuk ke Tumbuhan lalu sisanya masuk dalam Dunia
Chromista.
 Dunia Chromista:
1. Phylum Haptophyta
2. Phylum Cryptista
3. Phylum Chloraciniophyta
4. Phylum Chrisopycea
5. Phylum Phaeopycea
6. Phylum Xanthopycea
7. Phylum Eustimatopyea
8. Phylum Diatomea
9. Phylum Oomycetidae
10. Phylum Thraustochitridae