Transcript WHAT IS PHENYLPHRINE?

WHAT IS PHENYLEPHRINE?
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A powerful vasoconstrictor used to dilate the
pupils, relieve nasal congestion and maintain
blood pressure during anesthesia.
PHENYLEPHRINE STRUCTURE
PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL
PROPERTIES
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Physical state: Liquid
Color and Odor: Colorless to yellow, odorless
Melting point: 145-146 o C
Boiling/ Freezing point (o C): Approx. same as
water
pH: 5.0
Solubility: Soluble in water (aqueous
solution)
STABILITY AND REACTIVITY
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This product is considered stable
Materials to avoid: acids, acid chlorides, acid
anhydrides, butacine, alkalies, ferric salts,
and oxidizing agents.
Hazardous Decomposition Products: When
heated to decomposition, this product may
emit very toxic fumes of POx, Na2O, HCl, and
NOx.
HOW DOES IT WORK?
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Phenylephrine shrinks swollen nasal tissue
and opens up passages. Sinus drainage is
increased by this.
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Phenylephrine is a decongestant. It works by
constricting (shrinking) blood vessels (veins
and arteries) in your body. Constriction of
blood vessels in your sinuses and nose
decreases congestion
What is this medicine used for?
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This medicine relieves
symptoms (runny
nose, sneezing, throat
irritation and itching;
watery, irritated, itchy,
red eyes) from
allergies.
Long-term nasal
congestion and
headache are treated
by phenylephrine
HISTORY
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Pseudeophedrine, the old standby found in
Sudafed and hundreds of other over-thecounter decongestants, can raise the blood
pressure.
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Over the years, there have been reports of
heart attacks, strokes, disturbed heart
rhythms, and other cardiovascular problems
with use of pseudeophrine.
HISTORY
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Now, in response to laws that make it less
convenient to buy pseudeophrine, some companies
are replacing this ingredient with phenylephrine, a
decongestant traditionally used in nasal sprays.
Pfizer, who manufactured the name brand
decongestant Sudafed introduced a new formulation
in late 2004, “Sudafed PE”
That uses phenylephrine instead of
pseudeophendrine
HAZARD DESCRIPTION
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Phenylephrine HCl may cause adverse CNS
and cardiovascular reations and is a poison
by ingestion, intraperitoneal, subcutaneous,
intravenous, and intramuscular routes.
NFPA ratings (scale 0-4):
Health: 1, Fire: 0, Reactivity: 0
PRECAUTIONS
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Phenylephrine is contraindicated in patients with
severe hypertension, ventricular tachycardia or those
who are hypersensitive to it
It should be used with extreme caution in geriatric
patients, patients with hyperthyroidism, bradycardia,
partial heart block or with heart disease.
It is not a replacement for adequate volume therapy
in patients with shock.
SIDE EFFECTS
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At usual doses, a reflex braducardia, CNS
effects (excitements, restlessness,
headache) and rarely, arrhythmias are seen.
Blood pressure must be monitored to prevent
hypertension.
Extravasation injuries with phenylephrine can
be serious (necrosis and sloughing of
surrounding tissue)
Reasons to call healthcare provider
immediately
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Signs of a life-threatening reaction. These
include wheezing; tightness in the chest;
fever; itching; bad cough; blue skin color; fits;
swelling of face, lips, tongue, or throat.
Chest pains, fast heartbeats, passing out,
fainting, or severe headache.
Any rash.
No improvement in condition or feeling
worse.
Main Scheme
O
O
O
Br
H
Cl
H
Br2
H
FeBr3
AlCl3
Benzaldehyde
Benzene
3-bromobenzaldedhye
NaOH
O
OH
OH
1.BH4,THF
OH
OH
(Ph)3P+-CH2-
H
2.H2O2,OH-
3-hydroxybenzene ethanol
3-hydroxystyrene
3-hydroxybenzaldehyde
OH
ONa
NaOH
OH
OH
3-hydroxybenzene ethanol
3-(2acetaldehyde)-phenolate
3-(2-ethanol)- phenolate
NH2CH3
NBS
CCl4
3-(2-bromo-N-methylethylimine)-phenol
3-hydroxybenzene(2-bromo)acetaldehyde
3-hydroxybenzeneacetaldehyde
H2/Pd
3-(2-bromo-N-methylethylamine)-phenol
3-(1-hydroxy-2-methylamino-ethyl)phenol