Transcript AMSAT presentation

AMSAT
An Introduction to Amateur Satellites
Associated Radio Amateurs of Long Beach
May 5, 2000
®
AMSAT- North America
Kostas Kitsios, KF6ECO
Special Projects Chairman
AMSAT
Presentation Outline
• An Overview of the Amateur Satellite Program
• What is an Amateur Radio Satellite?
• Satellite Tracking
•Sources of Information
AMSAT
Building Satellites ‘on the Cheap’
• AMSAT depends primarily on volunteers
•Only one full time employee (office manager)
•KISS Approach to satellite design - ’home brew’
•Parts donations from corporate sources
•Systems built in garages/basements
•Develop university relationships (Weber State)
AMSAT
International Scope
•Affiliate organizations in other countries
•Cooperation on individual projects
•An organization defines basic spacecraft and interface
requirements
•Teams are formed from international ‘pools’ for various
systems/subsystems
AMSAT
International Cooperation
•Phase 3-D has components from 13 countries
•Russia
Propellant Tanks
•Japan
SCOPE Cameras
•UK
2m Xmtr/Aux. Batteries
•Finland
10 GHz Xmtr
•Czech Republic Receivers
•USA
Space Frame/GPS/RUDAK
•Germany
70 cm Xmtr/LEILA/Project Mgr.
•Canada
Radiation Testing
•Belgium
146/435/2400 MHz Rcvr
•Hungary
Battery Charger Regulators
•Slovenia
21 MHz/5.7 GHz Rcvr
•France
1.2 GHz Ant./Test Support-SBS
•New Zealand
Machine Parts
AMSAT P3D SPACECRAFT
ESA Provided
1194V Adaptor
Average Man
OSCAR 13
Microsat
P3D
SBS Launch
Structure
AMSAT
Launch Opportunities
• Most Satellites Ride into Orbit as an Extra Passenger
on a Government/Commercial Agency’s Booster
•AMSAT has Developed Innovative Designs to make
available ‘unusable’ space in launch vehicles
Example: 1990 launch of Microsats on Ariane IV
•AMSAT will Trade Knowledge, Skill, and Manufacturing
Capacity for a Reduction/Waiver of Launch Costs
Example: SBS for P3-D on Ariane V
AMSAT
Launch Opportunities
• Take Advantage of Test Launches w/Inherent
Uncertainties
Example: Ariane III and Ariane V
• Launch Insurance NOT Normally Purchased
• Cover Risk by duplicating components, such as
Spaceframes
AMSAT
OSCAR Program Phases
• Phase I: Low Earth Orbit, short lifetime, primarily
beacon-oriented satellites
•OSCARS I-III, Russian Iskra 1-2
• Phase II: Higher Orbits than Phase I (LEO), much
longer lifetimes
•Analog: OSCARS 6-8,
•Digital: UO-9,11
• Phase III: Highly elliptical Molniya-type orbits offering
higher access time, power and more diverse
communication transponders
•OSCARS 10, 13, and Phase 3-D
AMSAT
OSCAR Satellite Summary
Satellite
Launch
Service Life
OSCAR-I
OSCAR-II
OSCAR-III
OSCAR-IV
12 DEC 61
2 JUN 62
9 MAR 65
21 DEC 65
22 Days
19 Days
18 Days for Transponder
85 Days
OSCAR-5
OSCAR-6
OSCAR-7
OSCAR-8
23 JAN 70
15 OCT 72
15 NOV 74
5 MAR 78
52 Days
4.5 Years
6.6 Years
5.3 Years
UO-9
AO-10
UO-11
6 OCT 81
16 JUN 83
2 MAR 84
8 Years
In Service
In Service
AMSAT
OSCAR Satellite Summary
Satellite
Launch
Service Life
FO-12
AO-13
12 AUG 86
15 JUN 88
5 NOV 89
5 DEC 96
UO-14
UO-15
AO-16
DO-17
WO-18
LU-19
FO-20
AO-21/RS-14
UO-22
KO-23
22 JAN 90
22 JAN 90
22 JAN 90
22 JAN 90
22 JAN 90
22 JAN 90
7 FEB 90
29 JAN 91
17 JUL 91
10 AUG 92
In Service
23 JAN 90
In Service
March 1998
March 1998
Semi-Operational
In Service
3.6 Years
In Service
Semi-Operational
AMSAT
OSCAR Satellite Summary
Satellite
Launch
Service Life
KO-25
IO-26
AO-27
PO-28
FO-29
MO-30
TO-31
GO-32
SO-33
PO-34
SO-35
UO-36
26 SEP 93
26 SEP 93
26 SEP 93
26 SEP 93
17 AUG 96
5 SEP 96
10 JUL 98
10 JUL 98
24 OCT 98
30 OCT 98
23 FEB 99
21 APR 99
In Service
Semi-Operational
In Service
Commercial Service
In Service
Unable to activate
In Service
Undergoing Checkout
Unable to activate
Undergoing Checkout
Limited Service
Limited Service
AMSAT
RS Satellite Summary
Satellite
Launch
Service Life
Iskra-2
Iskra-3
RS-9
RS-10/11
19 AUG 82
9 JUL 82
18 NOV 82
16 DEC 82
Flight Cancelled
23 JUN 87
May 97
RS-12/13
RS-14/AO-21
RS-15
RS-16
RS-17
RS-18
5 FEB 91
29 JAN 91
26 DEC 94
4 MAR 97
3 NOV 97
10 NOV 98
In Service
JUN 94
In Service
25 OCT 99
30 DEC 97 (France)
11 DEC 98 (France)
AMSAT
What is a Satellite?
Like a Repeater
• Retransmits what it “hears”
• Has Optimized Receivers, Transmitters and
Antennas
• Great Location!
• Enables Small Stations to Communicate
Over Greater Distances
AMSAT
What is a Satellite?
Unlike a Repeater
•Has a Moving Footprint!
–Location Changes/Availability Varies
–Frequency Alteration due to Doppler Shift
•Full Duplex
–Uplink and Downlink on Different Bands
Simultaneously
•Multi-mode (CW/SSB/Digital)
•“World Wide” Coverage
AMSAT
Satellites Utilize “Transponders”
• Receives a SEGMENT of One Band
• Retransmits EVERYTHING It Hears on
Another Band
• Inverting Transponders
– Lowest Incoming Frequency is
Retransmitted Over the Highest
Outgoing Frequency
–Inverts Signal (LSB to USB)
AMSAT
Satellite Systems
• Attitude Control (RCS, Torquing Coils)
• Central Computer (IHU)
• Communications (Command Rcvr/Beacons/Ant)
• Energy Supply (Batteries/Solar Panels/BCR)
• Engineering Telemetry (Electronic Sensors/Encoders)
• Environment Control (Mechanical Design, Heat Pipes)
• Guidance and Control (Sun/Earth Sensors)
• Mission-Unique Equipment (Transponders/GPS/CCD)
• Propulsion (Kick Motor/Arc Jet)
• Structure
Most of the Satellite Development Effort Does Not
Involve Amateur Radio
AMSAT
Satellite Categories
• EASY Birds
•RS Satellites: RS-12/13, RS-15 (Russia)
•Manned Satellites (MIR/SAREX/ISS)
•Dual Use: FO-29 (Japan), AO-27 (FM), SO-35(FM)
•Digital Satellites
•Primarily “Store and Forward” Bulletin Boards
•Other Payloads (Cameras, Sensors, GPS)
•PSK Mode (AO-16, WO-18, LU-19)
•9600 DFM (UO-22, KO-23, KO-25)
•1200 AFSK (UO-11, DO-17 Downlink Only)
•38k4 and 78k6 DFM (TO-31, UO-36)
•DX Satellites
•AO-10
•Phase-3D
Old Satellite Modes
Mode A
Mode K
Mode KA
Mode T
Mode KT
Mode B
Mode J
Mode JL
Mode L
Mode S
2 m Up
15 m Up
15+2 m Up
15 m Up
15 m Up
70 cm Up
2 m Up
23 cm Up
23 cm Up
70 cm Up
10 m Down
10 m Down
10 m Down
2 m Down
2+10 m Down
2 m Down
70 cm Down
2 m+70cm Down
70 cm Down
13 cm Down
New Satellite Modes
15 m
10 m
2m
70 cm
23 cm
13 cm
6 cm
3 cm
1.5 cm
21 MHz
29 MHz
145 MHz
435 MHz
1.2 GHz
2.4 GHz
5.7 GHz
10.5 GHz
24.0 GHz
Mode H
Mode T
Mode V
Mode U
Mode L
Mode S
Mode C
Mode X
Mode K
Old KA is new H,V/T
Old J is new V/U
P3D MATRIX PLAN
UPLINK
RUDAK & Telemetry
Beacons
21.210 - 21.250
LEILA
24.920 - 24.960
LEILA
145.800 - 145.990
LEILA
435.300 - 435.800
LEILA
1269.000 - 1268.500
LEILA
1268.075 - 1268.575
LEILA
2400.100 - 2400.600
LEILA
2446.200 - 2446.700
LEILA
5668.300 - 5668.800
LEILA
TransponderIF-MATRIX
(10.7MHz, -15dBm)
2400.225 - 2400.950
(#2)
24048.025-24048.750
Comman
d
Receiver
RUDAK
Receiver
10451.025-10451.750
2400.225 - 2400.950
435.475 - 436.200
145.805 - 145.990
(#1)
DOWNLINK
Satellite Tracking
•Satellites are Moving Transponders
•Need to Predict When the Satellite Will be in View of
Your Station
•Antenna Pointing/Doppler Correction
•Mutual Pass with Other Stations
Orbital Parameters
•Eccentricity-How Circular the Orbit?
•Apogee: Point Farthest to Earth
•Perigee: Point Closest to Earth
•Inclination Relative to the Equator
•Keplerian Elements “Describe” the Orbit
Low Earth Orbit vs. Molniya Elliptical Orbit
Perigee
Apogee
Keplerian Data
• “Keps” are the Variables Which Describe a Satellite’s Orbit
• Keps are Developed by NORAD/NASA
– AMSAT Provides Reformatted Data
• Keps are Distributed Worldwide
– Packet Bulletin Boards
– BBS (DRIG, NASA, AMSAT BBS’s)
– Web Sites (www.amsat.org)
– ARRL bulletins
– Automatic e-mail receipt from [email protected]
– Publications (AMSAT Journal, OSR)
Keplerian Data
Satellite: AO-10
Catalog number: 14129
Epoch time:
99142.54434337
Element set: 573
Inclination:
27.0807 deg
RA of node:
28.2553 deg
Eccentricity: 0.6021262
Arg of perigee: 316.3948 deg
Mean anomaly:
9.3938 deg
Mean motion: 2.05867282 rev/day
Decay rate:
2.18e-06 rev/day^2
Epoch rev:
11986
Checksum:
311
Satellite: AO-27
Catalog number: 22825
Epoch time:
99146.69638352
Element set: 726
Inclination:
98.4585 deg
RA of node:
212.0142 deg
Eccentricity: 0.0008568
Arg of perigee: 329.5264 deg
Mean anomaly:
30.5410 deg
Mean motion: 14.27891037 rev/day
Decay rate:
1.48e-06 rev/day^2
Epoch rev:
29517
Checksum:
325
AO-10
1 14129U 83058B 99142.54434337 .00000218 00000-0 10000-3 0 5732
2 14129 27.0807 28.2553 6021262 316.3948 9.3938 2.05867282119868
Tracking Software
•A Tracking Program Can Utilize Keplerian Data to
Compute the Position and Velocity of a Satellite for
Any Given Time
–Real Time Tracking to Determine the Satellite’s
Current Position
•Antenna aiming for azimuth and elevation
•Doppler Shift Corrections Based Upon
Relative Velocity of the Satellite to the Observer
–Future Predictions of When a Ground Station will
be in View of a Satellite
Tracking Devices
•Various Self-Contained ‘Black Boxes’ Provide
Autonomous Tracking
–Trakbox from TAPR
–Sat Trak IV from Kiron (No Longer Produced)
•These Devices Operate Independently of a PC
– Controls Rotor Azimuth/Elevation
– Adjusts Radio for Doppler Shift
•Kansas City Tracker (Available from AMSAT)
– A PC Card Interface
– Works with Satellite Tracking Programs
– Controls Rotor Az/El
– Adjusts Radios for Doppler
Sources of Information
•Books
•Periodicals
•Email
•Internet Sites
•BBS Sites
•AMSAT Area Coordinators
General Information Books
AMSAT How to Use Amateur Radio Satellites
AMSAT Working the Easy Sats
ARRL Handbook
ARRL Radio Amateur’s Satellite Handbook
ARRL Satellite Anthology
Books for
Specific Satellite Types
Analog Satellites Operating Guide
AMSAT-NA Digital Satellite Guide
(Includes WISP Install/Setup Instructions)
P3G to P3D
Decoding Telemetry from Amateur Satellites
AMSAT Mode S: The Book
Periodicals
•AMSAT Journal (Published Bimonthly/distributed to
membership)
•OSCAR Satellite Report (Harlan Technologies published
bi-weekly)
•Magazines with Satellite Columns:
– QST
– CQ Magazine
– 73 Magazine
– World Radio
E-Mail Resources from AMSAT
•AMSAT News Services (ANS)
•KEPS (Keplerian Data)
•AMSAT-BB
•SAREX
•E-Mail is Sent to Your Internet E-Mail Address
– Subscribe by Sending Message to:
[email protected]
World Wide Web Resources
•http: //www.amsat.org/
•http: //www.arrl.org/
•http: //www.tapr.org/
•http: //www.grove.net/~tkelso/
•http://www.ee.surrey.ac.uk/EE/CSER/UOSAT
BBS Sites
•18 Telephone Sites Nationwide
•Satellite Information Available on AOL/CIS
•Coverage of Weather, non-AMSAT Satellite Activities
•May Require Pre-registration to Gain Access
•List of Sites Available from AMSAT
AMSAT Field Organization
•Area Coordinators: AMSAT’s Ambassadors
•150+ Volunteers in USA and Canada
•100% Use E-Mail
•Have Knowledge/Get Answers
•Make Local Presentations/Hamfest Presence
•Area Coordinator List Available
How Do I Get Help?
•Local Satellite Operators
•AMSAT Nets (HF and VHF)-Listing Available
•E-Mail (AMSAT-BB)
•Visit the AMSAT Booth at Hamfests & Conventions
•Contact an AMSAT Area Coordinator
•Request a Club Satellite Presentation
•Consider Joining AMSAT/ Receive the Journal
AMSAT
For More Information
• AMSAT-North America
P.O. Box 27
Washington, DC 20044-0027
phone: (301) 589-6062
e-mail: [email protected]
• AMSAT Area Coordinator
Duane Naugle, KO6BT
4111 Nemaha Dr.
San Diego, CA 92117-4522
phone: (858) 273-4088
e-mail: [email protected]