Transcript Science, Technology and Innovation Indicators in Myanmar

Dr. Soe Win
Director-General, Department of Higher Education(Upper Myanmar)
Ministry of Education
and
Aung Than
Tutor, Department of Statistics, Meiktila Institute of Economics
Ministry of Education
Introduction
 The Republic of the Union of Myanmar
 situated in South Eastern Asia
 total land area is 677,000 sq.km.
 China, Laos, Thailand, India and
Bangladesh are neighbors
 enjoys a tropical monsoon climate
 population is estimated over 59 million in
2010 with almost 70% of the population
living in rural areas
Myanmar Administration
 Democratic Government
 Administration in two tires:
Union government
 State or Regional government
 5-year periodically election
 Union of 7 states and 7 Regions with seats of
government located in the central city, Nay Pyi Taw.

We emphasize on  From Agro-based Economy to Industrialized Economy
 To Strengthen Scientific Knowledge and Technological
Development
Building of modern industrialized nation through  the agricultural development and all-round development
of other sectors of the economy;
 developing the electric power and energy sectors to be in
conformity with the developing trend of industries;
 having continuous development for the infrastructure
sector and realizing balanced economy and all-round
development of the economy
Statistical System in Myanmar
 Central Statistical Organization (CSO) functioning on
a national level since 1952
 Some ministries set up their own planning and
statistical departments.
 Other ministries have separate statistical units in
Ministry level as well as Department level.
Science and Technology Indicators
 Cannot get S&T Indicators directly because there is no
institution responsible for collecting them.
 Respective ministries conduct required surveys and
collect data.
 By using these data, we can extract the related data
and collect the S&T related indicators.
Sources of data, generally
 Primary Source
 Administrative Records of Related Ministries
 Secondary Source
 Statistical Yearbook
 Handbook on Human Resources Development
Indicators
 Soci0economic Development in Myanmar
Research and Development
 Myanmar produce R&D statistics and indicators
indirectly.
 Rarely to do R&D Survey because each ministry
compute the statistics according to their requirements.
 Ministry of Education conducts research in the field of
social sciences, arts and natural sciences.
Research and Training Centers under
the Ministry of Education
 Universities Research Center
 Asia Research Center
 Marine Science Research and Training Center
 Set-se Aquaculture Research Center
 Myanmar-India Center for English Language Training
 Myanmar-India Entrepreneurship Development
Center
30-year Long-term Education Development Plan
2001/02 FY – 2030/31 FY
The six core areas under focus are:
 Development of human resource
 Utilization of technology
 Expansion of research
 Development of a lifelong learning society
 Promotion of the quality of education and
 Preservation of national identity and national values.
Researches under Ministry of Education
Types
Published
Finished Operating
Fields
UsRJ 1 UsRJ 2 UsRJ 3 MAAS URJ 1
URJ 2
Total
Arts
1987
958
28
77
34
208
154
123
624
Natural
Sciences
1747
986
74
120
79
550
162
121
1106
Social Sciences
291
78
8
13
3
55
18
14
111
Total
4025
2022
110
210
116
813
334
258
1841
Source: Ministry of Education, 2011
Note:
UsRJ means Universities Research Journal.
MAAS means Myanmar Academy of Arts and Sciences.
URJ means University Research Journal which is published by each university.
Number of Higher Education Institutions
to Corresponding Ministries
Sr. No.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
Name of Ministry
Ministry of Education
Ministry of Science and Technology
Ministry of Health
Ministry of Defense
Ministry of Co-operative
Ministry of Transport
Ministry of Culture
Ministry of Border Affairs
Ministry of Agriculture and Irrigation
Ministry of Live Stock and Fisheries
Ministry of Environmental Preservation and Forestry
Union Civil Services Board
Total
Source: Ministry of Education
No. of Institutions
64
61
15
5
5
2
2
2
1
1
1
2
161
Graduates by Fields of Science and Technology
Bachelor's Degree
Diploma
Master's Degree
PhD
Bachelor's Degree
Diploma
Master's Degree
PhD
Bachelor's Degree
Diploma
Master's Degree
PhD
Bachelor's Degree
Master's Degree
PhD
Bachelor's Degree
Master's Degree
PhD in Arts
PhD in Natural Sciences
PhD Total
2002-03
2003-04
2004-05
2005-06
2006-07
2007-08
2008-09
Medical and Health Sciences
883
1274
1907
2329
2482
4168
3808
609
630
1240
1434
1476
1286
1224
213
272
231
291
296
219
270
8
7
9
14
15
13
7
Engineering and Technology
2603
4704
1717
1690
3400
3967
0
743
176
172
210
1043
2576
103
1179
1465
1758
1720
1405
300
755
46
88
192
132
425
195
298
Social Sciences
1665
5325
8966
5750
5722
5793
5156
134
530
1225
149
1381
1323
1445
119
109
114
202
186
1175
791
0
0
2
10
18
8
6
Agricultural Sciences
491
438
548
516
431
296
27
44
31
31
18
13
34
17
6
6
2
Art and Natural Sciences
140572
76260
153758
109927
90016
90448
94457
2636
1882
5058
6013
2681
4996
2669
5
17
34
145
329
210
169
64
112
267
226
586
563
448
69
129
301
371
915
773
617
Source: Statistical Year Book, 2009 and Ministry of Education
Study abroad by the fields of study
Field of Study
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
Medical Science
137
287
61
17
62
Engineering
309
125
49
79
147
Social Science
357
293
205
332
310
Education
203
122
16
32
69
Agriculture
460
472
250
356
423
Natural Science
109
186
39
74
158
Humanities and Arts
12
13
2
5
30
Fine Arts and Culture
5
7
5
6
15
Others
1
5
11
16
42
Source: Statistical Year Book, 2009
Researchers in Higher Education Sector
Type of Institution
Medicine
Dental Medicine
Medical Technology
Nursing
Pharmacy
Community Health
Technology
Myanmar Aerospace and Engineering
Economics
Education
Agriculture
Forestry
Veterinary Science
Computer Science and Technology
Computer
Art and Science Universities
Total
Source: Statistical Year Book, 2009
2004-05 2005-06 2006-07 2007-08 2008-09
1322
1537
1531
1638
1552
217
209
273
274
263
101
95
135
94
98
149
269
245
247
218
79
83
115
82
76
94
51
58
59
75
345
464
686
727
874
88
79
87
70
83
437
496
496
445
433
219
250
251
227
374
136
140
151
148
171
36
38
34
55
57
58
56
58
74
59
367
335
275
272
234
677
1000
627
896
1297
9596
10379
10117
9762
9484
13921
15481
15139
15070
15348
Research, Current and Capital Expenditures
of the Ministry of Education
Financial Year 2005/06
Types of Expenditure
Lower
Myanmar
Upper
Myanmar
Research Expenditure
2006/07
2007/08
2008/09
2009/10
4.48
5.80
8.44
11.17
14.25
Current Expenditure
1850.00
2420.00
8100.00
7970.00
8192.69
Capital Expenditure
3486.55
3348.62
5534.56
3459.00
1898.27
8.83
10.05
8.60
10.80
9.92
Current Expenditure
3200.00
4150.00
11859.00
11311.60
12062.49
Capital Expenditure
4937.82
4091.05
6656.19
7790.40
2900.65
Research Expenditure
Source: Ministry of Education
Innovation is needed for a Nation’s
development, Myanmar also try to do
the best.
Main Obstacles
1. High cost of the innovation project
2. Lack of financing
3. Need more co-ordination and collaboration.
4. Dedicated institutions are needed.
 In future, we are going to promote Research and
Development Activities and Innovation.
 As a consequence, we will collect R&D and Innovation
statistics and conduct R&D and Innovation surveys
appropriately.
Thank You