Transcript Hydrogen Fuel Cell Technology

Hydrogen Fuel Cell
Technology
Joe Lach
Trifid Nebula
Hydrogen Production
Source
Amount
Percent
(billions N cubic
meters/year)
Recent worldwide production of
hydrogen from different sources:
1.
Natural gas
240
48
2.
Oil
150
30
3.
Coal
90
18
4.
Electrolysis
20
4
Total
500
100
3.
Hydrogen Production
Electrolysis
8.
Hydrogen Production
Solar Energy conversion
Indium-tin oxide = ITO
(photon absorbent)
Hydrogen Production
Production from Methane
2.
This process is
highly endothermic
and will sometimes
produce CO as a
toxic byproduct.
Summary of Fuel Cell Characteristics
Energy
Used(MJ/MJproduct)
Efficiency per Stage
(%)
GHG Emissions
(gCeq/MJproduct)
Costs of fuel
(US$(2001)/GJ)
Gasoline
Crude Oil
0.04
96.2
5.7
Refining
0.16
86.2
3
Distribution
0.01
99
1.4
Other (Methane Leakage)
0.7
Total
0.21
82.6
4.9
10
Crude Oil
0.04
96.2
5.1
Refining
0.09
91.7
1.8
Distribution
0.01
99
1.2
Diesel
Other (Methane Leakage)
0.5
Total
0.14
87.7
Piped Natural Gas
0.13
88.4
Electricity Input
0.21
Production and
Compression
0.43
3.3
8.1
Hydroge
n
69.9
Other (Methane Leakage)
Total
12.6
11
1.4
23
10.3
2
0.77
56.5
36
24.3
5.
Basic Outline of Hydrogen Power
7.
Key feature:
Electrolyte Membrane
1. Poly-perfluorosulphonic
acid (PEM)
2. Potassium Hydroxide
(AFC)
3. Molten Lithium
Potassium (MCFC)
4. Sulfuric Acid (PAFC)
“The Stack”
Normal
Operating
Conditions
80 C
o
3 barr
Platinum
Anode
and
Cathode
PEM a.k.a. Proton Exchange Membrane
9.
Fuel Cell Powered Vehicles
1.
Raw Elemental Explosions
Hindenburg
Tanker Truck in Maryland
10.
Conclusions
Right now Hydrogen is:
1.
Financially costly
2.
Within itself environmentally sound but a
danger to produce in large quantities
3.
Difficult to produce without burning more
fossil fuels
4.
A good and efficient fuel for motor
vehicles and well as household power
needs
5.
Simply another biological process made
to industrial scale
Works Cited
1. Life cycle assessment of hydrogen fuel cell and gasoline vehicles
International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, Volume 31, Issue 3, March 2006, Pages 337-352
Mikhail Granovskii, Ibrahim Dincer and Marc A Rosen
2. Hydrogen synthesis via combustion of fuel-rich natural gas/air mixtures at
elevated pressure
International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, Volume 30, Issue 8, July 2005, Pages 893-902
B. Lemke, C. Roodhouse, N. Glumac and H. Krier
3. Production of hydrogen by thermal decomposition of methane in a fluidizedbed reactor—Effects of catalyst, temperature, and residence time
International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, Volume 31, Issue 4, March 2006, Pages 473484 Alan M. Dunker, Sudarshan Kumar and Patricia A. Mulawa
4. A new approach to utilize Hydrogen as a safe fuel International Journal of Hydrogen
Energy, Volume 30, Issues 13-14, October-November 2005, Pages 1511-1514
H.K. Abdel-Aal, M. Sadik, M. Bassyouni and M. Shalabi
5. Future fuel cell and internal combustion engine automobile technologies: A 25year life cycle and fleet impact assessment Science Direct, Sept. 2004, Elsevier Ltd.,
A. Schafer, J.B. Heywood and M.A. Weiss
6. www.quantachrome.com/.../V6N1/V6N1S1.htm
7. www.benwiens.com/energy4.html
8. www.gm.com/company/gmability/edu_k-12/9-12/fc...
9. www.fueleconomy.gov/feg/fcv_PEM.shtml
10. www.signonsandiego.com/news/nation/20051123-0...