Transcript Chapter 8 - FEG - Learn BBA For Free

CONTENTS.
8-1
8-2
8-3
8-4
8-5
8-6
8-7
Preview
Connecting ideas with and
Connecting ideas with but and or
Connecting ideas with so
Using auxiliary verbs after but and and
Using and + too, so, either, neither
Connecting ideas with because
Connecting ideas with even though/although
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8-1 CONNECTING IDEAS WITH AND
We had salmon, asparagus,
and salad for dinner.
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8-1 CONNECTING IDEAS WITH AND
CONNECTING ITEMS WITHIN A SENTENCE
(a) NO COMMA: I ate an apple and a banana.
,
,
(b) COMMA: I ate an apple a banana and a pear.
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8-1 CONNECTING IDEAS WITH AND
CONNECTING ITEMS WITHIN A SENTENCE
(a) NO COMMA: I ate an apple and a banana.
,
,
(b) COMMA: I ate an apple a banana and a pear.
and connects two words
and connects three or more
NO COMMA
COMMAS
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8-1 CONNECTING IDEAS WITH AND
CONNECTING TWO SENTENCES
,
(c) COMMA: I ate an apple and you ate a pear.
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8-1 CONNECTING IDEAS WITH AND
CONNECTING TWO SENTENCES
,
(c) COMMA: I ate an apple and you ate a pear.
and connects two sentences
COMMA
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8-1 CONNECTING IDEAS WITH AND
CONNECTING TWO SENTENCES
.
(d) PERIOD: I ate an apple You ate a pear.
(e) INCORRECT: I ate an apple, you ate a pear.
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8-1 CONNECTING IDEAS WITH AND
CONNECTING TWO SENTENCES
.
(d) PERIOD: I ate an apple You ate a pear.
(e) INCORRECT: I ate an apple, you ate a pear.
period
two complete sentences
no “and”
no comma
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8-1 LET’S PRACTICE
COMMA
NO COMMA
COMMAS
?
I like lettuce and tomato on my cheeseburger.
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8-1 LET’S PRACTICE
COMMA
NO COMMA
COMMAS
?
,
I speak Hindi and you speak Swedish.
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8-1 LET’S PRACTICE
COMMA
NO COMMA
COMMAS
?
I like lettuce tomato and cheese
on my hamburger.
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8-1 LET’S PRACTICE
COMMA
NO COMMA
COMMAS
?
,
,
I like lettuce tomato and cheese
on my hamburger.
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8-2 CONNECTING IDEAS WITH BUT AND OR
I studied for the test,
but I failed.
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8-2 CONNECTING IDEAS WITH BUT AND OR
(a) The team played well but didn’t win.
(b) Is it going to rain or snow?
(c) Would you like peas carrots
,
, or
squash?
(d) All went to the picnic but Ahmad.
and, but and or
commas
“conjunctions”
connect items
series of three or more
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8-2 CONNECTING IDEAS WITH BUT AND OR
I had the flu. = a sentence
I didn’t feel sick. = a sentence
(d) I had the flu, but I didn’t feel sick.
(e) Did you have the flu, or was it just a cold?
two complete
sentences with
but or or
comma
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8-3 CONNECTING IDEAS WITH SO
Abdullah got a new bike, so
he went for a ride.
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8-3 CONNECTING IDEAS WITH SO
(a) She was tired, so she took a nap.
,
so
two independent clauses
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8-3 CONNECTING IDEAS WITH SO
(a)She was tired, so she took a nap.
So
results:
cause: She was tired.
result: She took a nap.
class practice
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8-3 CONNECTING IDEAS WITH SO
(a) She was tired, so she took a nap.
(b) COMPARE: She was tired, but she
didn’t take a nap.
but
unexpected result
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8-4 USING AUXILIARY VERBS AFTER BUT AND AND
He likes pizza, but I don’t.
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8-4 USING AUXILIARY VERBS AFTER BUT AND AND
(a) I don’t play tennis, but Jim does.
does = play tennis
(b) I like racketball, but Jim doesn’t.
(c) I won’t be leaving, but Nazan will.
(d) Yi-When has been to Rome, but Jen hasn’t.
(e) She isn’t at school, but he is.
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8-4 USING AUXILIARY VERBS AFTER BUT AND AND
(f) I don’t play tennis, and Jim doesn’t either.
(g) I like racketball, and Jim does too.
(h) I won’t be leaving, and Azan won’t either.
(i) John has been to Rome, and Jen has too.
(j) She isn’t at school, and he isn’t either.
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8-4 USING AUXILIARY VERBS AFTER BUT AND AND
I don’t play tennis, but Jim does.
negative + but + affirmative
I like racketball, but Jim doesn’t.
affirmative + but + negative
I won’t be leaving, and Azan won’t either.
negative + and + negative
I don’t play tennis, and Jim doesn’t either.
negative + and + negative
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class practice
8-5 USING AND + TOO, SO, EITHER, NEITHER
Ms. Poulos plays the violin,
and her daughter does too.
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8-5 USING AND + TOO, SO, EITHER, NEITHER
subj + aux + TOO
(a) Hayat likes dogs, and Sajid does too.
SO + aux + subj
(b) Hayat likes dogs, and so does Sajid.
same meaning
class practice
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8-5 USING AND + TOO, SO, EITHER, NEITHER
subj + aux + EITHER
(c) Bob doesn’t like dogs, and Jay doesn’t either.
NEITHER + aux + subj
(d) Bill doesn’t like dogs, and neither does Jay.
same meaning
class practice 26
8-5 USING AND + TOO, SO, EITHER, NEITHER
(e) I’m happy
that we are
cooking
together.
(f) I’m happy that we are
cooking together.
I am too.
So am I.
same
meaning
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8-5 USING AND + TOO, SO, EITHER, NEITHER
(g) I don’t
like bread.
(h) I don’t like bread.
I don’t either.
Neither do I.
same
meaning
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8-5 USING AND + TOO, SO, EITHER, NEITHER
(i) I like fruit.
(j) I don’t like bread.
Me too.
Me neither.
informal
English
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8-5 LET’S PRACTICE
too
Amy is wearing high
Emma
heels, and _______
is too
________________.
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8-5 LET’S PRACTICE
so
Amy wears high
so does
heels, and _______
Emma
________________.
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8-5 LET’S PRACTICE
neither
Jay doesn’t have
long hair, and
neither does Amy
________________.
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8-6 CONNECTING IDEAS WITH BECAUSE
They are happy because they
bought a new house.
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8-6 CONNECTING IDEAS WITH BECAUSE
(a) She is smiling because she is happy.
because
cause
reason
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8-6 CONNECTING IDEAS WITH BECAUSE
(b) MAIN CLAUSE: She is smiling.
complete sentence
(c) ADVERB CLAUSE: because she is happy.
complete sentence
because + subject + verb = an adverb clause
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8-6 CONNECTING IDEAS WITH BECAUSE
MAIN CLAUSE
ADVERB CLAUSE
(d) She is smiling because she is happy.
(no comma)
main clause + no comma + adverb clause
ADVERB CLAUSE
MAIN CLAUSE
(e) Because she is happy, she is smiling.
(comma)
adverb clause + comma + main clause
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8-6 CONNECTING IDEAS WITH BECAUSE
MAIN CLAUSE
ADVERB CLAUSE
(d) She is smiling because she is happy.
(no comma)
ADVERB CLAUSE
MAIN CLAUSE
(e) Because she is happy, she is smiling.
(comma)
same meaning
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8-6 CONNECTING IDEAS WITH BECAUSE
(f) INCORRECT IN WRITING:
She is smiling. Because she is happy.
Written?
must be
connected to
a main clause
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8-6 CONNECTING IDEAS WITH BECAUSE
(g) CORRECT IN SPEAKING:
Why is he
laughing?
Because I told
him a joke.
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8-6 LET’S PRACTICE
CORRECT
OR
INCORRECT
?
Her eyes are watering. Because she is sick.
CORRECT
Her eyes are watering ________________.
because she is sick
OR
Because she is sick, __________________
her eyes are watering.
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8-6 LET’S PRACTICE
CORRECT
OR
INCORRECT
?
The woman is happy because she
loves her English class.
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8-7 CONNECTING IDEAS WITH EVEN THOUGH /
ALTHOUGH
Even though we were tired,
we didn’t rest.
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8-7 CONNECTING IDEAS WITH EVEN THOUGH /
ALTHOUGH
(a) Even though I was very sad, I didn’t cry.
I did not cry even though I was very sad.
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8-7 CONNECTING IDEAS WITH EVEN THOUGH /
ALTHOUGH
(a) Even though I was very sad, I didn’t cry.
I did not cry even though I was very sad.
(b) Although I was very sad, I didn’t cry.
I did not cry although I was very sad.
same
even though adverb
clause
+
meaning
although
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8-7 CONNECTING IDEAS WITH EVEN THOUGH /
ALTHOUGH
COMPARE:
(c) Because I was very sad, I cried.
(d) Even though I was very sad, I did not cry.
because
expected result
even though
although
unexpected result
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