Transcript Document

U.S. and International
Counter-Piracy Efforts:
2010 Update
RDML (sel) Fred Kenney
Office of Maritime & International Law
U.S. Coast Guard
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Who Are We Protecting & Why?
Providing Protection for:
• U.S-flagged commercial vessels
operating in High Risk Waters
(HRW).
• Approximately 80 U.S. vessels
operate in the Horn of Africa.
• 6-8 U.S. vessels transiting the
region at any given time.
Recent Results:
• Since May 2009 over 80 vessels
were hijacked; no U.S. vessels.
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Gulf of Aden/Southern Red Sea Piracy 2009 – 31 Aug 2010
2009 – 18 Hijackings
67 Fired upon
2010 – 9 Hijackings
21 Fired upon
# of Attacks
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Jan- Feb- Mar- Apr- May- Jun- Jul- Aug- Sep- Oct- Nov- Dec- Jan- Feb- Mar- Apr- May- Jun- Jul- Aug- Sep- Oct- Nov- Dec09
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Hijackings: 27 (2009 – 31 Jul 2010)
Fired upon but not boarded: 88 (2009 – 31 Jul 2010)
Winter monsoon season
Summer monsoon season
Indian Ocean Piracy
2009
–
31
Aug
2010
2009 – 34 Hijackings
63 Fired upon
2010 – 16 Hijackings
36 Fired upon
# of Attacks
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20
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Jan- Feb- Mar- Apr- May- Jun- Jul- Aug- Sep- Oct- Nov- Dec- Jan- Feb- Mar- Apr- May- Jun- Jul- Aug- Sep- Oct- Nov- Dec09
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Hijackings: 50 (2009 – 31 Aug 2010)
Fired upon but not boarded: 99 (2009 – 31 Aug 2010)
Winter monsoon season
Summer monsoon season
Somali Piracy Jan 2009 – 31 Aug 2010
2009 – 52 Hijackings
130 Fired upon
2010 – 25 Hijackings
57 Fired upon
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# of Attacks
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25
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15
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5
0
Jan
Feb
Mar
Apr
May
Jun
Jul
Aug
Sep
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Nov
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Jan-10 Feb-10 Mar-10 Apr-10 May-10 Jun-10 Jul-10 Aug-10
Hijackings: 77 (Jan 2009 - Present)
Fired upon but not hijacked: 187 (Jan 2009 - Present)
Winter monsoon season
Summer monsoon season
Maritime Piracy Activity
2005 –2009
• 2005 - 2007
-145 total pirate events
• 2008 – 2009
-255 total pirate events
-Indian Ocean seaward distance expanded to
over 1000NM east of Mogadishu, Somalia
-Ransom payments increasing; over $100 million
paid in 2008-2009
-Gulf of Aden merchant traffic
200 NM
200 NM
-Less than 1% attacked
-No significant diversion of trade
2005-2006
-TTPs remain the same
2007
-No indications of AIS use
-Targets of opportunity
• 2010 Forecast: Sep 2010
-Gulf of Aden activity will likely remain low due to
sustained Coalition presence in the IRTC
-Indian Ocean activity to increase end of Sep
through Nov during the transition period
between the Northeast and Southwest monsoon
seasons
400 NM
1070NM
440 NM
2008
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Counter-Piracy Initiatives 2009/2010
USCG
Maritime
Security Dir.
104-6 Rev 3
IMO:
Code of
Investigations;
Djibouti Code
of Conduct
Executive
Order on
Somalia
Port Security
Advisories
(PSAs)
Contact Group
on Piracy off
the Coast Of
Somalia
Counter-Piracy Initiatives (Highlights)
• U.S. MARSEC Directives 104-6 (Rev 3)
 Requires additional security measures for vsls in HRW
 Supported by Port Security Advisories
• Port Security Advisories (PSAs)
 Provides supplemental guidance to Industry
 Helps facilitates compliance w/ Directive
• Executive Order on Somalia
 Blocks the property of certain persons contributing to
the conflict in Somalia
• Contact Group on Piracy off the Coast of Somalia (CGPCS)
 Created to coordinate an effective international response
to piracy in the region
• IMO
 Implementation of Djibouti Code of Conduct
 Promulgation of Code for Investigation of Piracy and Armed robbery
Maritime Security (MARSEC) Directive
104-6 (Rev 3)
• The Coast Guard released MARSEC Directive 104-6 (Rev 3) to provide
direction to U.S. flagged vessels operating in high risk waters.
• Issued May 12, 2010
• Requirements – General:
 Conduct piracy-specific threat assessment for each vessel
 Submit “piracy annex” to Vessel Security Plan for CG review/approval
 Take additional security measures to harden vessel
• Requirements – HOA/GOA (Annex 1)
 All measures in general section
 In Horn of Africa, supplement crew w/ armed OR unarmed security
 Shall establish contact & send position report to U.K. Maritime Trade Organization
(UKMTO) Dubai
• Due to the dynamic nature of piracy, the Directive is reviewed annually, or as
necessary, to validate security measures and to incorporate lessons learned.
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Port Security Advisories (PSAs)
• Provides supplemental guidance to Industry & helps facilitate
compliance w/ the MARSEC Directive
• PSAs – Guidance on:
 (3-09) Self-Defense & Defense of Others
 (4-09) International Traffic in Arms Regulations (ITAR)
 (5-09) Guidelines for Contracted Security Services in HRW
 (6-09) Screening Process for Security Personnel in HRW
 (8-09) Port State Responses to Carriage/Transport of Weapons on Board
 (9-09) Post-Attack- Expected Courses of Action
• PSAs and other Coast Guard piracy-related guidance can be found on CG Homeport
at: http://homeport.uscg.mil/piracy
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International Maritime Organization
• IMO Code of Practice for the Investigation of Crimes of Piracy and Armed
Robbery against Ships
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Industry Best Management Practices 3 (BMP3)
 Published June 2010
 Produced by the Shipping Industry in consultation with the combined naval
forces - EUNAVFOR, the NATO Shipping Centre and the United Kingdom
Maritime Trade Operations (UKMTO)
 Being Promulgated as MSC Circular
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Seafarer Training
 Developing model courses intended to complement anticipated amendments
to STCW convention
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Implementation of the Djibouti Code of Conduct
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Contact Group on Piracy off the Coast of
Somalia (CGPCS)
• Following the adoption of United Nations Security Council
Resolution 1851, was created to coordinate an effective
international response to piracy in the region
• Working Group 3 (Shipping Self-Awareness) initiatives:
 Industry Best Management Practices 3 (BMP3)
• Assisted in preparation
 Seafarer Welfare Guidance
• Developing guidance related to:
 Being prepared
 How to handle captivity; and
 How to handle post-release care.
 Seafarer Training
• Will provide input in developing model courses intended to complement
anticipated amendments to STCW convention
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Executive Order on Somalia
• On 13APR10, President Obama signed the Executive Order:
Blocking Property of Certain Persons Contributing to the Conflict in
Somalia
• Purpose – General:
 Determined that acts of piracy and armed robbery at sea off the coast of
Somalia, constitute an unusual and extraordinary threat to the national
security and foreign policy of the United States;
 Blocks the property of certain persons contributing to the conflict in Somalia;
and
 Targets for designation those who threaten peace and stability in Somalia.
• Does this Executive order prohibit ransom payments?
 The USG will make no concessions to individuals or to groups holding U.S.
citizens hostage. It is the USG policy to deny hostage takers the benefits of
ransom, prisoner releases, policy changes, or other acts of concession.
 Treasury intends to target for piracy-related designation only those persons
that freely seek to support acts of piracy or armed robbery at sea off the
coast of Somalia, including through the supply of weapons, communication
devices, or small boats and other equipment.
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USS ASHLAND
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WHAT’S NEXT?
• Continued development of BMP
• Emphasis on Prosecutions Framework
• Review of Legal Framework
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