Transcript Conservation Trust Funds workshop

”Advantages and concerns with CTF :
a donor perspective”
IUCN World Conservation Congress
Barcelona, October 7, 2008
Yoko Watanabe
Julien CALAS
Program Manager, Senior Biodiversity Specialist
Global Environment Facility
[email protected]
Biodiversity Senior Program Officer,
Fonds Français pour l’Environnement Mondial
[email protected]
Advantages of Conservation Trust Fund (CTF)
-
-
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For several decades now, biodiversity conservation
projects in Africa have continued to rehabilitate
national park systems.
Most protected areas don’t have sustainable financing
plans : after rehabilitation projects, most of them are
becoming progressively degraded.
National budgets are most of the time not sufficient
due to other development priorities…
Ecotourism can’t finance all protected areas (remote
areas, landscapes & flora versus flagship fauna like
elephants…)
Advantages of Conservation Trust Fund (CTF)
-
Considering financing GAPs for securing sustainable
management of most of the protected areas :
Sustainable financing gap for several parks in West Africa:
Site
Annual Budget /
sustainability
(k€)
Sustainability
cost (€ / ha)
Annual
Estimated
financing gap endowment
(k€)
at 4% (M €)
Parc National de la
Pendjari (Benin)
400 (2006)
1,5
160 (2006)
4
Parc National d’Arly
(Burkina Faso)
130 (2006)
1,4
120 (2006)
3
Parc National de Taï
(Côte d’Ivoire)
1 776 (2008)
3
600 (2011)
15
Advantages of Conservation Trust Fund (CTF)
Could provide some unique answers to
THE PENDING DEAD END
This is empirical
perception, no real ex-post
evaluation proving this in
Africa…
4M€
Advantages of Conservation Trust Fund (CTF)
1. Sustainable financing solution (recurrent costs,
predictable,…)
2. Build national capacities, local reaction to changes, and
broad stakeholder participation leading to transparent
decision-making and strengthening of civil society;
3. Can plan for the long-term because independent of
changes in government and shifts in political priorities;
4. Compliance with international recommendations for aid
effectiveness (Ownership, Alignment, Harmonization);
5. A vehicle to collect and secure greater private
contributions for biodiversity conservation.
Concerns with Conservation Trust Fund (CTF)
1. Mobilize huge amounts of ODA
Site
Estimated endowment
at 4% (M €)
Last multidonor project in
the area (M €)
Parc National de la Pendjari
(Benin)
4
19,6 (PCGPN)
Parc National d’Arly (Burkina
Faso)
3
Parc National de Taï (Côte
d’Ivoire)
15
9 (Pendjari sub Proj)
43,6 (PAGEN)
2,7 (PAUCOF)
51,7 (Prog National Ap)
Concerns with Conservation Trust Fund (CTF)
2. CTFs are financing operating costs while ODA is
supposed to finance investment (economic orthodoxy)
3. CTFs are exposed to market volatility and possible loss
of capital (>CTF investment study);
4. Few (insufficient) documented impact on biodiversity;
5. Building CTF is a long term capacity building process
(costly)
6. Question on securing the funds, ensuring governance :
donor agencies are not able to follow up on such longterm investments and ensure accountability for the use
of public funds..
GEF’s Involvement in
Conservation Trust Funds
• One of the pioneer and largest supporter for
Conservation Trust Funds (CTFs).
• More than $300M (For LAC and Africa regions,
about 20% of total funds).
• Invested in more than 26 CTFs. Many in LAC, and
increasing in Africa.
• Over 340 PAs benefited (more than 1/3 of all PAs
GEF supported).
GEF’s Experience on
Sustainable Finance of PA
• Appropriate policies and laws
to enable PAs to manage the
entire revenue stream.
• Business plan that include
diverse funding sources.
• Capacity building of
responsible agencies.
• Full recognition of the support
to PA mgmt made by
communities in and around the
PA.
Tools and Revenue Mechanisms
• Conservation Trust Funds
• Payment for Ecosystem
Services
• Easements
• Dept for nature swaps
• Other mechanisms
Lessons Learned
• Country ownership
• Focus on protected areas
system
• Cofinancing & changing role of
GEF
• Innovation - new funding
mechanisms (PES, fees, etc)
• Monitoring impact at program
and project levels
Future Directions
• GEF’s continued interest on
sustainable financing of PA
system, including conservation
trust funds, as a key focus of the
biodiversity program.
• A more strategic and results
oriented approach at the PA
system level.
• Emphasis on partnership,
particularly private sector.
Conclusions
CTFs provide a complementary tool (out of project,
program or direct budget support approaches) to
donors willing to invest in sustainable financing of
biodiversity conservation.
Exchange of experiences starts to provide interesting
results.
Although 15 years of experience, some questions remain
on effectiveness of CTF (biodiversity impact,
governance quality, comparative advantages…). CTF
remain “pilot experiences” for numerous donors.
> Learning together through CFA reviews…